英語(上海卷A卷)-2023年高考第二模擬考試卷(考試版)

學(xué)易金卷：2023年高考第二模擬考試卷（上海A卷）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA（第1-10題,每題1分；第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionyouwilltenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersondecidewhichisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave1.A.At5:15. B.At5:45. C.At6:00. D.At7:00.A.Unconcerned. B.Surprised. C.Doubtful. D.Delighted.3.A.Heisratherdisappointed.B.Hedoesn’tcareforapromotion.C.Hecan’taccepttheresult.D.Heknowshisownlimitation.4.A.Shewantstogetsomesleep.B.Sheistoprepareapresentation.C.Sheistoattendachemistryclass.D.Sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem.5.A.Getmorefoodanddrinks.B.Invitemorepeople.C.Tidyuptheplace.D.Prepareforaparty.6.A.Lawyer. B.Policeman. C.Doctor. D.Professor.7.A.Hewantstoreturnthebookshelf.B.Helikesthedesignofhiswindow.C.Hewantstogetanothersolution.D.Heisreluctanttomovethedeskaway.8.A.Theirplayishardtounderstandandperform.B.Theirplayisinappropriatefortheceremony.C.Somethingwaswrongwiththeleadingactress.D.Theyhadnointentionofputtingitonstage.9.A.Theplanfortheirholidaytrip. B.Thefeelingsabouttheirtrip.C.TheweatherofHawaii. D.Theirwishesanddreams.10.A.Theprogramsuitsthewomanbest.B.Long-distancecallswilladdcosttothecharge.C.Thewomancanmake200freecallspermonth.D.Theprogramcoversinternationalphonecalls.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Itisthemostunluckydayinayear.B.Itisthebusiestshoppingdaynow.C.ItisthedayafterThanksgiving.D.ItisthedaybeforeChristmas.12.A.Theycheckoutthelatestpricereductionsonline.B.Theylookroundforitemsinphysicalstores.C.Theyordertheproductsfromonlinestores.D.Theywaitinqueueoutsidestoresovernight.13.A.670milliondollars. B.100milliondollars.C.25billiondollars. D.20billiondollars.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Allserviceswillbepersonalized.B.Moreinformationwillbeavailable.C.Technologywillrevolutionizeallsectorsofindustry.D.Amultitudeofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.15.A.Theychargehighprices.B.Theyneedlotsoftraining.C.Theycatertotheneedsofyoungpeople.D.Theyfocusoncustomers'specificneeds.16.A.Therisingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext20years.B.Thedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallywell-paidjobs.C.Thetremendouschangesnewtechnologywillbringtopeople'slives.D.Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Allstudentspaythesameamountperyear.B.Somestudentscangetfreemealsatthecafeteria.C.Studentscangetmoneybackformealsthattheydon’teat.D.Studentschoosehowmanymealsaweektheywillpayfor.18.A.Theycanhelpdecidewhatwillbeonthemenu.B.Theyreceivecardsthatallowthemtobeservedfirst.C.Theycaninvitegueststohavemealsatareducedprice.D.Theypaylesspermealthanthosewhodon'talwayseatthere.19.A.Breakfastanddinnereachweekday. B.Lunchandsuppereachweekday.C.Breakfastandluncheachweekend. D.Lunchanddinnereachweekend.20.A.Bypayingformealsoneatatime. B.Byborrowingastudent’smealcard.C.Byorderingtheirmealsinadvance. D.Bybuyingaweekendmealcard.II.GrammarandVocabulary（每題1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Forparentswhosendtheirkidsofftocollegesaying,“Thesewillbethebestyearsofyourlife,”itwouldbeveryappropriatetoadd,“____21____youcanhandlethestressofcollegelife.”Freshmenareshowingupalreadystressedout,accordingtothelatestresearchstudy____22____reportedstudents’emotionalhealthlevelsattheirlowestsincethesurveystartedin1985.Whileinschool,morestudentsareworkingpart-timeandnear-full-timejobs.Atgraduation,only29percentofseniors____23____(offer)jobs.Pressuretoexceloftencreatesstress,andmanystudentsarenotlearninghowtoeffectivelyhandlethisstress.LetmeshowfivefactsthatIbelieveeverycollegestudent____24____knowaboutstress.First,stresscanmakesmartpeopledostupidthings.Stresscauses____25____brainresearcherscall“corticalinhibition(皮層抑制).”Insimpleterms,stresspreventsapartofthebrainresponsiblefordecision-makingandreactiontimeandcannegativelyaffectothermentalabilitiesaswell.Second,thehumanbodydoesn’tdiscriminatebetweenabigstressfuleventandalittleone.Anystressfulexperiencewillcreateabout1,400biochemicaleventsinyourbody.Ifanyamountofstressisleft____26____(uncheck),manythingscanoccurwithinthebody,includingprematureagingandenergydrain.Third,stresscanbecomeyournewpattern.Whenyouregularlyexperiencenegativefeelingsandhighamountsofstress,yourbrainrecognizesthis____27____yournormalstate.Thisthenbecomesthenewnorm(常態(tài))foryouremotionalstate.Fourth,stresscanbecontrolled.Countlessstudiesdemonstratethatpeoplecanrestructuretheiremotionalstateusingemotionrefocusingtechniques.Onetechnique____28____(involve)slowingyourthoughts,breathingslowly,andfocusingonthepositivefeelingthatyoureceive.Finally,____29____(draw)towhatyoustudycanlessenstress.BarbaraFrederickson,aleadinginternationalauthorityontheimportanceofpositiveemotions,sayshumansaregeneticallyprogrammed_____30_____(seek)positiveemotionssuchasloveandjoy.It’ssuggestedthatyoushouldchooseamajororcareerpathyouloveandenjoy.Otherwise,youcouldendupfightingagainstyourownbiology.SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.Notethatisoneyouprofessional

B．exclude

C．consider

D．restlessness

E.incredible

F.composition

G.relatively

H.assumption

I.distraction

J.hindered

K.literallyDoyoueverdraw?Mostofusdon’t,andthereasonweusuallyleavedrawingtotheartistsisbecausewe’renotverygoodatit.Whowantstodosomethingthey’rebadat?Butmaybeweshouldrethinkthis____31____,especiallysincedrawinghassomanybenefits,whetheryouareanartistornot.Weshould____32____thisidea:Whatifdrawingwasjustalow-stakesthingwedidbecauseweenjoyeditandithelpedusseetheworldbetter?“Wehavemissedthesignificanceofdrawingbecauseweseeitasa____33____skillinsteadofapersonalcapacity,”writesdesignhistorianD．B．Dowdinhisbook,“StickFigures:DrawingasaHumanPractice.”“Thisessentialconfusionhas____34____ourunderstandingofdrawingandkeptitfrombeingseenasatoolforlearningaboveallelse.”Here’sanexample:Youmightenjoyeatingatarestaurantthatboastsan____35____chef,andyoumayalsoenjoyagreatpastadishyoumakeathome.Onedoesn’t____36____theother;youcanappreciateameticulouslyassembledmealasmuchasahomemadeone-they’rejustdifferent.Thesameistruefordrawing.Sitting(orstanding!)withapadandpencil,drawingsomethingyouseeorimaginerequiresfocusanda____37____quietmind,somethingmanyofusarelookingtocultivate.Thefirstfewminutesintothe____38____mightbeabitfrustratinganddistracting,butkeepgoing.I’vefoundthatonceIsettleintoit,Igetbetterattheactualdrawingpart,andit’smoreenjoyable.Butespeciallyifyouaren’tusedtodrawing,youmightbeitchingtorunawayanddosomething-anything-elseatthestart.Todealwithyour____39____,giveyourselfatimelimit.Setatimerfor20minutes;thatshouldgiveyouenoughtimetoputinagenuineeffortandgettothepointwhereyourmindwillquietdown.Youcanalwayskeepgoingifyouwant,butthattimerwillattheveryleastallowyoutotakeyourmindoffoutside_____40_____.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.Humanbeingshavesomehowmanagedtoengineerthenighttoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thiskindofcontrolisnodifferentfromthefeat(壯舉)ofdammingariver.Itsbenefitscomewith____41____—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign.____42____lightingwashesoutthedarknessofnight,alteringlightlevelsandlightrhythmstowhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,have____43____.Whereverman-madelightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectsoflife-migration,reproduction,feeding-isaffected.Formosthumanhistory,thephrase“l(fā)ightpollution”wouldhave____44____.ImaginewalkingtowardsLondononamoonlitnightaround1800,whenitwasEarth’smostpopulouscity.Nearlyamillionpeoplelivedthere,____45____candles,torchesandlanterns,astheyalwayshad.Onlyafewhouseswerelitbygas,andtherewouldbenopublicgaslightsinthestreetsorsquaresforanothersevenyears.Fromafewmilesaway,youwouldhavebeenmorelikelyto____46____Londonthantoseeitsdimcollectiveglow.We’velitupthenightasifitwerea(n)____47____country.Asamatteroffact,amongmammals(哺乳動物)alone,thenumberofspeciesactiveatnightisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnetattractingthemtoit.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing____48____bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms,circlingandcirclinginthethousandsuntiltheydrop.Itwasoncethoughtthatlightpollutiononlyaffectedastronomers,whoneedtoseethenightskyinallitsgloriousclarity.Unlikeastronomers,mostofusmaynotneeda____49____viewofthenightskyforourwork._____50_____,likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness._____51_____darknessispointless.Itisasessentialtomaintainingourbiologicalwelfareas_____52_____itself;thepriceofmodifyingourinternalclockworkmeansitdoesn’toperateasitshould,causingvariousphysicaldiscomforts.Sofundamentalaretheregularrhythmsofwakingandsleeptoourbeingthat_____53_____themissimilartoalteringourcenterofgravity.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesusto_____54_____ourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbest_____55_____againstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.41．A．consequences B．a(chǎn)chievements C．a(chǎn)greements D．circumstances42．A．Randomly-designed B．Well-designed C．Poorly-designed D．Economically-designed43．A．a(chǎn)ppealed B．a(chǎn)dapted C．objected D．a(chǎn)mounted44．A．comeundercriticism B．madenodifference C．comeintoeffect D．madenosense45．A．makingdowith B．fedupwith C．identifyingwith D．overflowingwith46．A．visit B．greet C．feel D．smell47．A．independent B．disconnected C．unoccupied D．excluded48．A．exposed B．captured C．dismissed D．frustrated49．A．clear B．comprehensive C．traditional D．critical50．A．Subsequently B．However C．Therefore D．Similarly51．A．Reviewing B．Embracing C．Denying D．Regulating52．A．light B．rhythm C．status D．dawn53．A．emergingfrom B．withdrawingfrom C．messingwith D．coincidingwith54．A．keeptrackof B．losesightof C．catchholdof D．letgoof55．A．measured B．neutralized C．undergone D．supervisedSectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Trustme—IamexpeditiondoctorEversinceIwasayoungchild,I’vehadatasteforadventure,butIneverimaginedI’dbeabletosatisfythispassionatregularintervalsbecauseofmychosencareer.Myworkasanexpedition(探險隊)doctorhastakenmeallovertheworld.However,myfavouritetrips,andtheonesinwhichInowspecialize,arethoseinvolvingmountains.NeverdoIfeelmoreinspiredbynaturethanwhenIlookupattheirtoweringpeaksandbegintopreparemyselfmentallyforthechallengesahead.ItrainedasadoctorintheUK,buttherewaslittleinthattrainingtopreparemeforbindingupabrokenlegduringastormonthesideofamountain!Infact,I’dsaythatmedicalskillscomesomewaydownthelistofjobrequirements,afterendurance,flexibility,problem-solvingandcommunication.Thiskindofmedicineisamillionmilesawayfromthecontrolled,germ-freeenvironmentofahospital,andyourmedicalkitbasicallyconsistsofwhateveryoucancarry,soyousometimeshavetobepreparedtoimprovise(即興做).Forexample,I’velearnedthatsomedrugscanbeusedforseveralconditions,andI’veevenhadtoresorttocuttingbranchesoffasmalltreetomakeasticktosupportabrokenarm.Thatisn’ttosaythatyoucan’ttraintobeanexpeditiondoctor;onthecontrary,therearesomeexcellentcoursesavailable.Notonlydotheyteachmedicaltechniques,butalsopracticalskillssuchascarryingoutriskassessments,crossingriverssafelyandusingsatellitephones.ThefirstcourseIdidincludedasessiononexpeditiondentistry,thoughImustadmitIstilldon’tliketheideaofpullingoutsomeone’stooth!Idomostofmyworkforadventureholidaycompanies,travellingtoremoteplaces.WhenIstartedout,theseholidayswerequiterare,buttheyhavebecomemuchmoremainstreamnowthatwe’veallseencelebritiesclimbingKilimanjaroorwatchedrealityshowsaboutpeoplesurvivinginjungles.Idohavemixedfeelingsaboutallthesepeoplewithlargeamountsofdisposableincomecomingtopoorareasjustfortheirownenjoyment,soItrytomakesurethatthecompaniesIworkforhavehighethicalstandardsandbenefitthelocalcommunities.Andofcourse,tourismprovidesemployment,andalsoopenstheeyesofrichvisitorstothehardshipthatmanypeopleareforcedtoendure.Irealizethatthiskindoflifeisn’tforeveryone,butI’drecommendthatalldoctorstryitatleastonce,ifonlytomakethemappreciatethecomfortsoftheirusualworkingenvironment!56．Theauthorfeelsthathehasbeen________.A．obligedtochoosehiscareer B．luckywithhisjobC．obsessedwithhisadventure D．inspiredbyhispatients57．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanbelearnedaboutmedicalskillsforanexpeditiondoctor?A．Theyarelessimportantthanpracticalskills.B．Theyarestrictlyrequiredasthemostimportant.C．Theyareadequatelyattainedinmedicalschools.D．Theyareanunderlyingpartofpracticalskills.58．Whydoexpeditiondoctorssometimeshavetouseunusualtechniques?A．Theykeeptheirequipmentinabackpack.B．Thingscanhappenthattheydon’texpect.C．Theydon’thavetheresourcesofahospital.D．Theyarerequiredbythepatientsonthetrip.59．Theauthorworksforethicalcompaniesbecause________.A．theyorganiseexpeditionsintheremoteareasheenjoysvisitingB．theyappreciatethecomfortsoftheunusualworkingenvironmentsC．hewantstomakesurethathisclientsaresafeatalltimesduringtheexpeditionD．hefeelsuncomfortableaboutthedifferencebetweenrichtouristsandpoorlocalpeopleBHappyVillageProjectWhatisHappyVillage?Ourcompanydevelopsandfocusesontheregional“HappyVillageProject”strategytofocusonvillagesratherthanindividualfarmers.ThephilosophyoftheHappyVillageProjectisto“healanddevelop”byorganizingthefarmersandtrainingthemongrowingandharvestingtechniqueswhichincreaseraw-materialqualityandmeettherequirementsofconsumersbeingconsciousofhealthydiet.Today,therearemorethan3,000registeredfarmers,cultivatingmorethan11,000hectaresoflandinmorethan150villagesinourHappyVillageProject.Intheagriculturalproject,smallfarmersgetthetools,trainingandsupporttheyneedtogrowsomeofthefinestproduceonearth.Ourteamofexpertstrains,guidesandmonitorstheregisteredfarmers,usingthelatesttechniquestoensurethehighestlevelofqualityandconsistencyofoureco-friendlyandsafeproducts.WhatdowedoatHappyVillages?Ourcompanyexpertsdoresearchestochoosetherightdistrictbyrecordingthedetailsofthefieldsandproductsandtrainfarmerswhoarewillingtolearnaboutorganicfarming.Wedrawmapsofthefieldsinordertodesignatethefieldandalsotopreventpossiblecrosscontamination(交叉污染)riskswhichmaycomefromtheneighborfields.Inordertomakesurefarmersarepracticingtheorganicregulations,ourexpertsfrequentlyandrandomlyvisitregisteredfarmerstofollowup,guideandinspect.Ouragricultureteamisalsoinvolvedinusing“EarlyWarningSystems”inthefields,inordertominimizetheriskofpotentialproblemsaswellastakingsamplesfromleaves,soilandfruit,inordertomonitorthefieldthroughouttheyear.Wealsohelpentirevillagesflourishthroughourcommitmenttosocialresponsibilitybymeansofperformingnecessaryactivitiestoimprovethesocio-economicstructureofthevillages,liketheneedsandrequirementsofthechildrenatschool,improvementinworkers’buildings,providingwatertanksduringwatercrisisintheregions,andetc.FromourHappyVillagesdirectlytoyourtable!OurhappyVillageproductsaregrown,harvestedandsun-driedinthefertilemountains.Withthebestsoilandgrowingconditions,theseallnaturalproductsaresweetandflavorful,withnoartificialadditives.Theyareagreatchoiceforsnackingoraddingtoyourfavoriterecipes.60．InHappyVillageProject,theexpertsareexpectedto______.A．engageinresearchesconductedinthefieldB．traintheregisteredfarmersintoagriculturistsC．a(chǎn)dviseoncultivatingandharvestingproductsD．improvetheworkers’buildingsandwatertanks61．WedothefollowingatHappyVillageEXCEPT______.A．takeexamplesfromleavesandsoiltooverseethefieldB．a(chǎn)ssignalltheregisteredfarmerstolearnaboutorganicfarmingC．helpimprovethesocio-economicstructureofthecommunityD．helpfarmerspreventpossiblerisksbymappingoutthefield62．Whoarethetargetreadersofthepassage?A．Individualfarmers.B．Agriculturalexperts.C．Ambitiouspolicy-makers.D．Health-consciousconsumers.CDentalhealth:BrushwithconfidenceChildrenshouldbetaughttobrushtheirteethregularly.ButthesuspicionremainsamongsomePeople,dentistsincluded,thatevenso,certainchildrenaredoomedtodevelopdentalcavities.Thehypothesisbehindthisfearisthatsomecombinationsofgenesmaygiverisetothesortsoforalbacteriawhichareresponsibleforcavities.Iftrue,thatwouldbesadfortheyoungstersconcerned.ButastudyjustpublishedinCellHostandMicrobe,byAndresGomezandKarenNelsonoftheJ.CraigVenterInstitute,inSanDiego,suggestsitisn’ttrue.Themouthishometomanyspeciesofmicrobes.Mostaregood.Some,though,arewellknowntosecreteacidicwasteproductswhenfedsugar.Thisacidityweakensteeth,causingthemtodecay.Totrytofindoutwhetherachild’sgenesplayanyroleinencouragingsuchacid-secretingbugs,DrGomezandDrNelsonsetupanexperimentwithtwins.Their“volunteers”were280pairsoffraternaltwinsand205pairsofidenticaltwins,allagedbetweenfiveand11,whohadnottakenantibioticsduringtheprevioussixmonths.Thechildrenwereaskedtostopbrushingtheirteeththeeveningandthemorningbeforethecrucialmomentofdatacollection.Thiswaswhentheresearchersswabbedthechildren’sgingivalsulci(thecleftsbetweenteethandgums,inwhichbacteriacollect)tofindoutwhatwasthere.Thechildrenalsohadtheirteethscoredbydentistsasbelongingtooneofthreecategories:havingnosignsofcurrentorpreviousdentalcavities:havingsignsofcurrentorpreviouscavitiesaffectingtheenamel(atooth’shard,outerlayer);orhavingsignsofcavitiesthatpenetratedtheenamelandallectedtheunderlyingdentineaswell.DrGomezandDrNelsonfoundthat,thoughidenticaltwinssharedmanygroupsofbacteriawhichwerenotsharedbyfraternaltwins,noneofthesewasatyperesponsibleforcavities.Moreover,similaritiesinbacterialfloraweregreatestamongfive-toseven-year-olds,weakeramongseven-tonine-year-oldsandweakestamongnine-to11-year-olds.Thissuggeststhatanyrolegenesdoplayinregulatingthemouth’secologyfadeswithtime.Farfromsupportingtheideathatsomechildrenarefatedtosufferfromcavitiesnomatterhowwelltheybrushtheirteeth,theseresultsmakeitclearthatthepowertocontrolthegrowthoftherelevantbacteriaisverymuchwithinreachofchildrenandtheirparents.Brushing,however,maynotbetheonlyapproach.Avoidingsugaryfoodsisobviouslyderigueur.Itseemslikely,though,thatwhichotherfoodsachildeatsmayhelpshapehisoralecosystem,too.Thisisanareaofongoingresearch.But,asintheintestines(腸道),sointhemouth,scientificmedicineisatlastcomingtogripswiththefactthatthemixtureofmicrobespresentisbothimportantandcapableofmanipulation,tothebenefitofthehost.63．Whatdoes“hypothesis”refertoinparagraph1?A．Children’sfailuretobrushtheirteethproperlyleadstotoothdecay.B．Somechildrenareprogrammedtodeveloptoothdecay.C．Youngstersaresuspiciousoftheeffectivenessoftooth-brushing.D．Somegenesaremorelikelytoleadtodentalcavites.64．DrGomezandDrNelsonconductedanexperimenttofindout_______.A．whethergeneshaveanythingtodowithdentaldecayB．whichgroupoftwinsaremorelikelytohavedecayedteethC．whatkindsoffoodstendtogiverisetotoothdecayD．whytheecosystemoftheintestinesissimilartothatofthemouth65．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisUNTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Scientistsarenotyetsurehowecosystemofthemouthisformed.B．Therolegenesplayincontrollingecosystemofthemouthweakenswiththetime.C．Thechildrenareclassifiedintothreegroupsaccordingtothedegreesofdentalcavities.D．Identicaltwinsarenotasgeneticallyclosetoeachotherasfraternaltwins.66．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theexistenceofmultiplemicrobesbenefitschildren’soralecosystem.B．Whatachildeatsenhancesthehealthfulnessofachild’soralecosystem.C．Cuttingdownonsugarintakeisthemostlikelywaytopreventtoothdecay.D．Parentsareinnopositiontohelptheirchildrenmaintainhealthyoralecosystem.SectionCDirections:thefollowingpassages.ineachblankwithasentenceintheEachsentencebethatsentencesneed.Nonverbalcommunicationistheprocessofsendingandreceivingmessageswithoutusingwords,eitherspokenorwritten.Similartothewaythatitalicizing(斜體)emphasizeswrittenlanguage,nonverbalbehaviormayemphasizepartsofaverbalmessage.___67___Forinstance,in“TheAdvancementofLearning”(1605),FrancisBaconobservedthat“thefeaturesofthebodydorevealthetendencyandinclinationofthemindingeneral,butthemotionsofthefacialexpressionsandpartsdonotonlyso,butdofurtherrevealthepresenthumourandstateofthemindandwill.”PsychologistsPaulEkmanandWallaceFriesen(1969),indiscussingtheinterdependencethatexistsbetweennonverbalandverbalmessages,identifiedsiximportantwaysthatnonverbalcommunicationdirectlyaffectsourverbalmessages.First,wecanusenonverbalsignalstoemphasizeourwords.___68___Second,ournonverbalbehaviorcanrepeatwhatwesay.Wecansayyestosomeonewhilenoddingourhead.Third,nonverbalsignalscansubstituteforwords.Often,thereisn’tmuchneedtoputthingsinwords.Asimplegestureisenough.Fourth,wecanusenonverbalsignalstoregulatespeech.

___69___Fifth,nonverbalmessagessometimescontradict(與…矛盾)whatwesay.Afriendtellsusshehadagreattimeatthebeach,butwe’renotsurebecausehervoiceisflatandherfacelacksemotion.

___70___Beingupsetcouldmeanwefeelangry,depressed,disappointed,orjustabitonedge.Nonverbalsignalscanhelptomakeclearthewordsweuseandrevealthetruenatureofourfeelings.A．Finally,nonverbalcommunicationitselfcarriestheimpactofamessage.B．Finally,wecanusenonverbalsignalstoaddtotheverbalcontentofourmessage.C.Nonverbalmessageshavebeenrecognizedforcenturiesasacriticalaspectofcommunication.D．Allgoodspeakersknowhowtodothiswithforcefulgestures,changesinvocalvolumeorspeechrate,deliberatepauses,andsoon.E．Calledturn-takingsignals,thesegesturesandvocalizations(發(fā)聲)makeitpossibleforustoalternatetheconversationalrolesofspeakingandlistening.F．Thetermwasintroducedin1956inthebook“NonverbalCommunication:NotesontheVisualPerceptionofHumanRelations”.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Whytruehappinessisn'taboutbeinghappyallthetimeOverthepasttwodecades,thepositivepsychologymovementhasbrighteneduppsychologicalresearchwithitsscienceofhappinessandhumanpotential.Itarguesthatpsy