2025年高一英語寒假銜接（外研版）專題5. 定語從句（學生版）

定語從句定語從句的概念：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。考點一that/which/who/whom1．that/which/who/whom在句子里充當主語或賓語，這些關系詞叫關系代詞。在上面的短文中的限制性定語從句中，that出現(xiàn)頻率最高。既可以作主語，也可以作賓語，既可以指人，也可以指物。2．此外指物時只用that不用which的情況的口訣：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。即先行詞指物被thevery、theonly、序數(shù)詞、形容詞或副詞最高級修飾時，或者先行詞既包括人也包括物時，或者先行詞指物是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時，定語從句用that引導。ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingforforseveraldays.這正是我找了好幾天的那本書。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthismatter?關于這件事你想說什么呢？3．定語從句的謂語動詞要與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Istillrememberthepeopleintheremotevillagewhowerefriendlytome.我仍然記得那些住在邊遠地區(qū)對我很友好的鄉(xiāng)親們。Thestudentswhoareinterestedintheactivityshouldsignupforitinadvance.對這次活動感興趣的同學們要提前報名。單句語法填空1．Thedictionarythegentlemanboughthalfanhouragowasveryexpensive.2．Theladywho/that(be)standingbehindthecounterismysister.3．ThemanIservedwaswearingahat.4．Thisisthethirdappleshehaseatenintheafternoon.5．Thisistheonly/verythingIcandotosolvethetrickyproblem.6．That’sallIknowabouttheyoungmanlivingnextdoor.7．Whentheymetagain，thetwofriendstalkedaboutlotsofthingsandpersonstheycouldrememberintheschool.8．ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.考點二as/which/whose1．whose既可以指人，又可以指物，在從句中作定語，表示先行詞的所有格。即whose前的先行詞和whose之后的名詞有所屬關系?？谠E：whose前后名，后名屬前名。ThisisthegirlwhosenameisLiMei.這就是那個叫李梅的女孩。Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacethenorth.他住在窗戶朝北的房子里。2．只用which/whom而不用that的情況。用在非限制性定語從句中或者動詞短語中的介詞提到關系代詞之前，充當其賓語時。注意：which既可以指某一個名詞，也可以指前面的整個句子。Thisisthecompanyinwhichmyfatheronceworked.這就是我父親曾經(jīng)在里面工作的公司。Therewasnopersontowhomshecouldturnforhelpinthedarkstreet.在黑漆漆的街上沒有她可以求助的人。3．定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，將非限制性定語從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號隔開。4．常用as的結構：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase，as常常位于句首。Aswasexpected，hecamelateagain.正如我們所預料的那樣，他又遲到了。Asanybodycansee，theelephantislikeasnake.正如每個人所看到的一樣，這匹大象像一條蛇。單句語法填空1．HeisthestudentEnglishisalwaysatthetop.2．Inourfactorythereare2,000workers，twothirdsofarewomen.3．Heisworkinghard，willmakehimpassthefinalexam.4．isknowntoall，thereare7continentsontheearth.考點三when/where/why1．關系副詞與關系代詞的選擇從句不缺主語或賓語，是個完整的句子，可以是主謂賓或主系表結構，亦可以是主謂結構(主語＋vi.)。此時需要判斷謂語動詞是否及物。判斷定語從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞的方法：把謂語動詞與先行詞連接起來，看它們是否能構成動賓關系，如果能直接構成動賓關系，則該謂語動詞為及物動詞，否則為不及物動詞。(1)Thefactoryheonceworkedisclosednow.work與factory不能直接構成動賓關系，只有后面加上介詞in才能構成正確的表達形式，workinthefactory。因此可推知work為不及物動詞。因此此處應使用關系副詞where作地點狀語，也可使用inwhich(which代替先行詞thefactory)。(2)Thefactoryhesetuplastyearisoperatingwell.該題中從句謂語動詞可以和先行詞構成動賓結構setupthefactory，所以setup是及物動詞短語。其后缺賓語，因此此處用關系代詞that或which。2．當先行詞為表示抽象地點的名詞situation，case，stage，point等，且關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關系副詞where引導定語從句；如果關系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時則用關系代詞which/that。3．“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中介詞的確定：(1)依據(jù)定語從句中動詞的習慣搭配來確定Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我買了很多書，這些書花光了我的所有積蓄。(2)依據(jù)先行詞的某種習慣搭配來確定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永遠不會忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的童年時光。(3)根據(jù)所表達的意思來確定Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.離開它我們就不能生存的這種無色氣體被稱為氧氣。4．當theway作先行詞時，無論關系詞作主語、賓語還是作狀語，用that一定正確。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhichhespeakstome.(關系詞作方式狀語)Theyarelookingforawaythat/whichisthemostsuitablefortheproblem.(關系詞作主語)單句語法填空1．IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.2．Thereasonhefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.3．Giftshopsinmuseumspeoplewouldbuysouvenirsforthemselvesandtheirfriendsusedtobethelaststopofeachvisit.隨堂練習一．單句語法填空1．Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson，madehiseldersondiscouraged.2．IwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.3．Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.4．Therearemanygoodwebsitesyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.5．Thesystem，canbethemostadvancedinmanyways，willbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworld.6．HedecidedtogotoStanfordbecausethereweremanyopportunitiesforpeoplewantedtoworkinSiliconValley.7．Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.8．ThenNeedhambeganhislifelongresearch，endedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina.9．Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson，isareallyluckyguy.10．Overtheyears，Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoofthemostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters，JoanandBernice，wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.二．語法填空Therewasatime1.IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3.Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide,4.teacherwasYuMinhong，communicatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.Igainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7.encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9.Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”三．不同語境中定語從句的使用1．邀請信我寫信邀請你來看我們學校舉辦的漢服表演。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoenjoyahanfushow.我給你寫信的目的是邀請你參加下周六在我們學校舉辦的音樂節(jié)。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemusicfestival.2．申請信(1)我自五歲學習中國畫，因此我很了解這門藝術，這使得我能夠很好地介紹畫展。IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit，.我英語很熟練，這使得我與外國人自由交談成為可能。IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish，communicatewithforeignersfreely.3．申請信(2)我寫信是想申請你們昨天在報紙上刊登的志愿者工作。I’mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteeryesterday’snewspaper.我寫信申請我們學校英語協(xié)會所提供的職位。I’mwritingtothattheEnglishAssociationofourschooloffers.4．通知(1)GrowingTogether這部電影主要講述我們學校的發(fā)展，將于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在校報告廳放映。ThemovieGrowingtogether，ourschool，willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2∶00to4∶00intheafternoononJune17th.這場音樂會，其中包括由才華橫溢的學生們表演的各種精彩節(jié)目，將于下周日上午在我校大廳舉行。Theconcert，playedbytalentedstudents，willbeheldintheschoolhallnextSundaymorning.5．通知(2)據(jù)要求，任何想要觀看電影的同學要在下午兩點之前到達。Thosearerequiredtoarrivebeforetwointheaftern