2025年高二英語(yǔ)寒假銜接（外研版）專題4. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（教師版）

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)Atfirst，XiaoMingdidn’tlike①schoolandwas①addictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherasked①himwhathewasdoing②beforegoingtobed，theanswerwasthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadbeaten③himmanytimesbeforeXiaoMingwenttomiddleschool，soXiaoMingpromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandwouldn’tplaygames.However，XiaoMinghaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.Whenothersaskabouthim，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Heisdoinghomework⑦athome.Hehasbeenstudying⑧forseveralhours.”XiaoMingwillenter⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeafter3yearshewillbestudying⑩inafamousuniversity.①是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式形式。②是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞。③是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：had＋過(guò)去分詞。④是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：would＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑤是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：has/have＋過(guò)去分詞。⑥是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。⑦是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑧是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑨是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑩是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞。1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)常常表示人的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作業(yè)。(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。(3)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday，lastyear，theotherday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Hearrivedatschoolat9∶00amyesterday.他昨天上午九點(diǎn)到學(xué)校。(2)根據(jù)上下文或主從句提示。Ididn’tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試，這讓我父母很生氣。3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或臨時(shí)做出的決定，常用will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形或者is/am/aregoingtodo，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow，nextweek等連用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.據(jù)說(shuō)他將于下月卸任。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltell(tell)youthestory.2．Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysitis(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.3．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclared(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heisplayingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。(2)某些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.約翰和姐姐明天早上要?jiǎng)由砣|京。5．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去某一個(gè)階段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11點(diǎn)正準(zhǔn)備午餐。(2)表示動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，常與when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那個(gè)男孩正在讀小說(shuō)時(shí)老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。6．將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五點(diǎn)至六點(diǎn)之間不要給我打電話，那時(shí)我們?cè)诔燥?。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Lisawasworking(work)asanurseinthehospitalwhenIvisitedhermomlastmonth.2．NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.Theywillbeplaying(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3．—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.Iamfilling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.7．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示動(dòng)作或過(guò)程發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前某個(gè)沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)出的過(guò)去時(shí)間，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，且結(jié)果仍對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。—I’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)完全明白你的話。你是說(shuō)你們打算9月20號(hào)回來(lái)嗎？——對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)有表達(dá)清楚。我們打算10月20號(hào)回來(lái)。(2)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)獲得了許多好評(píng)。(3)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，往往有較為明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如already，just，yet，since，for，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedabouttwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在過(guò)去的3小時(shí)里我已經(jīng)學(xué)了200多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞了。(4)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Ithasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名詞＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.這是我第一次做演講。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我所讀過(guò)的最有趣的小說(shuō)。8．過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。在by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句的句子中。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回來(lái)之前我已經(jīng)把手機(jī)收起來(lái)了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他們剛從房子里跑出來(lái)房子就燒塌了。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearned(learn)theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaid(say)tomealtogether.2．Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，Ihavegot(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.3．Nosoonerhadwebeen(be)seatedthanthebusstarted.9．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她說(shuō)她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我不知道兒子緊接著要說(shuō)什么。10．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)常用來(lái)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.這些年來(lái)，他們一直為我們雜志寫(xiě)稿。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見(jiàn)面。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastandhavebeenwriting(write)hisessaythereeversince.2．AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathewouldbe(be)afamousscientistwhosetheorieswouldchange(change)theworld.考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)XiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn’tstudyhard.Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋過(guò)去分詞。②是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋being＋過(guò)去分詞。③是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：hadbeen＋過(guò)去分詞。④是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋過(guò)去分詞。⑤是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/amare＋being＋過(guò)去分詞。⑥是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋過(guò)去分詞。⑦是帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。⑧是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。⑨是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋havebeen＋過(guò)去分詞。⑩是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋bebeing＋過(guò)去分詞。1．不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故，死了五個(gè)人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火。2．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不應(yīng)該種樹(shù)。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.這個(gè)男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑了。3．漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示，構(gòu)成Itis＋done...形式。如：Itissaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人們必須承認(rèn)……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人們普遍認(rèn)為學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵就是練習(xí)。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.據(jù)報(bào)告，近兩日氣溫將明顯下降。4．下面的主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起來(lái)美味但營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法聽(tīng)起來(lái)很棒但不切實(shí)際。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前還需潤(rùn)色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.Theclotheswasheswell.這些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新書(shū)很有趣并且賣得不錯(cuò)。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.2．Mywashingmachineisbeingrepaired(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，isregarded(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4．Ifyouleavetheclub，youwon’tbeallowed(not，allow)backin.5．Igotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuitwasruined(ruin)．單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Itisthefirsttimethatmyson(meet)ZhongNanshan，therenownedChineseherofacetoface.【答案】hasmetItisthefirsttimethat＋sb.have/hasdone，這是某人第幾次做某事。所以答案為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為myson，所以填hasmet。2．Thegirl(shake)herheadhappily，andthepotofmilkonherheadimmediatelyfellontotheground.【答案】Shook根據(jù)下文“andthepotofmilkonherheadimmediatelyfellontotheground”時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，前后時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致，所以用過(guò)去時(shí)。3．Thefatheraswellashiskids(discuss)wheretospendtheweekendnow.【答案】isdiscussing根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知，此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。4．Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.【答案】areremoved根據(jù)句意，此處為客觀事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為fatandsalt，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。主語(yǔ)fatandsalt與remove為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填areremoved。5．Thedayaftertomorrow，I，aswellasmyfriendsZhangMingandLiHua，(be)goingtobuybooks.【答案】am句意為：后天，我和我的朋友張明和李華將會(huì)去買書(shū)。根據(jù)句意可知此處為begoingto句型，aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就遠(yuǎn)原則，和I保持一致。6．Eitherthebeautifulviewsofthismoderncityoritslocalcustom(attract)thousandsofvisitorsduringthepastyears.【答案】hasattracted句意為：無(wú)論是這座現(xiàn)代化城市的美麗景色還是當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在過(guò)去的這些年都已經(jīng)吸引了成千上萬(wàn)的游客。由“duringthepastyears”可知，這句話使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！癳ither...or...”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與or后主語(yǔ)保持一致，itslocalcustom是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。7．Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhich(be)savedforotherpurposes.【答案】werewhich指代先行詞materials。當(dāng)therest在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的名詞，如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)。如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。本句中的materials是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填were。8．Onthestage(be)anumberoffamoussingers，whosesongsarewelcomedbythemajorityofyoungpeople.【答案】are句意為：有許多著名的歌手在舞臺(tái)上，他們的歌曲受大多數(shù)年輕人的喜歡。anumberof修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，從“whosesongsarewelcomedby...”可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。9．Ifyoulistentorapmusic，youwillnoticehowthelyrics(歌詞)(speak)inthebackgroundofthesongs.【答案】arespokennotice后是一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，該從句中缺謂語(yǔ)，而且thelyrics與動(dòng)詞speak之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知這里講的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。10．Jennyhavekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.【答案】should考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone。句意為：詹妮本應(yīng)該信守諾言的。我想知道她為什么改變了主意。根據(jù)后一句“Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.”可知，詹妮沒(méi)有信守諾言，shouldhavedonesth.“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)做”符合句意。11．Accordingtoanewlyreleasedregulationononlinevideoservices，noonegenerate，releaseorspreadfakenewsorinformationbyusingsuchtechnologies.【答案】shall考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：根據(jù)最新發(fā)行的關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻服務(wù)的規(guī)章，任何人都不可以使用此類技術(shù)生成、發(fā)行或者傳播虛假消息。根據(jù)前面的regulation(規(guī)定)可知，本題填入shall更加合理。12．Everycoinhastwosides.Beautifulsongs，sometimes，justbenoisetoothers.【答案】may考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：任何事物都有兩面性。優(yōu)美的歌曲有時(shí)候?qū)e人來(lái)說(shuō)也許是噪音。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)該表示可能的推測(cè)，故填may。13．Mycomputerdidn’tstartthismorning.Therehavebeensomethingwrongwithit.【答案】must考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：我的電腦今早怎么也啟動(dòng)不了了。一定是出了什么問(wèn)題。musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè)。14．Whatapity!Theparentscouldhavesurvivedtheearthquake，they(not，come)backtosavetheirchild.【答案】had；notcome考查省略if的條件句。句意為：真遺憾！如果不是回來(lái)救孩子，這對(duì)父母本可以在地震中幸存下來(lái)。分析句子可知，此處為if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句應(yīng)為：iftheyhadn’tcome...，if可以省略，這時(shí)從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把had置于句首，從句可寫(xiě)成“hadtheynotcome...”。15．Hewould(like)torepresenthiscountryinthe1984WinterOlympics，buttherewerealargenumberofcompetitors，andEdwardsdidn’tqualify.【答案】haveliked句意為：他本想代表他的國(guó)家參加1984年的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)，但參賽者眾多，愛(ài)德華茲沒(méi)有獲得參賽資格。根據(jù)本句后面的“Edwardsdidn’tqualify”可知，愛(ài)德華茲沒(méi)有成功獲得參賽資格，故用“wouldhavedone”虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意思是“本來(lái)會(huì)做”。16．Inthelastfewyears，China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.【答案】hasmade根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Inthelastfewyears”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。17．Alargepercentageofthepopulationinourcountry(be)farmers.【答案】is根據(jù)句意，此處為客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)是Alargepercentageofthepopulation，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。18．Itwasquitealongtimebeforehe(spot)hisoldteacherinthecrowd.【答案】SpottedItwasalongtime＋before＋sb.did...“過(guò)了多久之后才...”為固定句型。19．ThepublicationofGreatExpectations，whichbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.【答案】was句意為：《遠(yuǎn)大前程》的出版得到了廣泛的好評(píng)和高度贊揚(yáng)，加強(qiáng)了狄更斯作為一名頂尖小說(shuō)家的地位。先行詞“ThepublicationofGreatExpectations”在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，是單數(shù)概念，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。再根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞reviewed可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)填was。20．ThenumberofthechildrenwhoowntheiPads(be)growingallthetime.【答案】is句意為：擁有iPad的兒童數(shù)量一直在增長(zhǎng)。thenumberof表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故填is。層級(jí)二高考真題練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)【答案】formed根據(jù)該定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in1759”可知，此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2．Byabout6,000BC，people(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(2020·浙江)【答案】haddiscovered由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Byabout6,000BC”可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。3．CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseit(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon(construct)．”(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)【答案】means；isconstructed整句話的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為it，故第一空填means；themoon與construct之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故第二空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4．Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist，theysmiledand(point)downtheriver.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ)【答案】pointed根據(jù)上文“theysmiledand...”可知，此處用過(guò)去時(shí)。5．Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.Often，onlyasmallpartofmuseum’scollection(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)【答案】arecalled；is第一空：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)“Theparts”與動(dòng)詞call之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處說(shuō)明事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；第二空：主語(yǔ)是asmallpart，時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。6．And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood(need)．(2020·浙江)【答案】wasneeded考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。food和need之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由上文的“wereborn”可知此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；且food在此處為不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。因此填wasneeded。7．Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.(2020·浙江)【答案】meant考查時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合前一句“...changesbegan.”用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，空格處mean也需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填meant。mean是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式的正確拼寫(xiě)是關(guān)鍵。8．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)【答案】havereported考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Inrecentyears”多與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，主語(yǔ)“someInuitpeople”為復(fù)數(shù)意義，因此本空填havereported。9．Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.(2019·江蘇)【答案】hasgiven考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與主謂一致。句意為：在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，這名音樂(lè)家與他的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)完成了十場(chǎng)演出。由“inthelastthreemonths”可知，這句話的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，本句主語(yǔ)為“themusician”，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“alongwithhisbandmembers”是附加成分，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填hasgiven。10．Whatapity！Youmissedthesightseeing，orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.(2019·江蘇)【答案】wouldhavehad根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞or可知應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，這里表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用would/could/should/might＋havedone。11．Ican’tfindmypurse.I(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday，butI’mnotsure.(2018·天津)【答案】could/mighthaveleft根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)，故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”，再根據(jù)后句butI’mnotsure可知，此推測(cè)為不太肯定的推測(cè)，故用could/mighthavedone。12．Intoday’sinformationage，thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.(2018·北京)【答案】cancan在此表示客觀可能性，意為“可能會(huì)，有時(shí)候會(huì)”。13．Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.(2018·北京)【答案】haddriven根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)形式以及語(yǔ)境(事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生)可知，if條件句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。14．It’sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.(2018·江蘇)【答案】should此處should作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“竟然”，符合語(yǔ)境。15．Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.(2017·北京)【答案】hadbeenput根據(jù)后一句“wouldneverhavehappened”判斷這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，條件句要用haddone形式，所以填hadbeenput。層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練語(yǔ)法填空Passage1時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致篇Thefirstzoo1.(establish)around3,500yearsagobyanEgyptianqueenforherpersonalenjoyment.Fivehundredyearslater，aChineseemperor2.(build)ahugezootoshowhispowerandwealth.Laterzoosweresetupforthepurposeofstudyinganimals.SomeoftheearlyEuropeanzoos3.(consist)ofdarkholesordirtycages，thebadconditionsofwhi