考點13定語從句-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語一輪復(fù)習考點幫(上海專用)(原卷版+解析)

考點13定語從句考向一：定語從句的基本概念及其功能意義我們先看以下幾個句子：（1）Thisishisbook.（2）Pleaseturnonthatgreenlight.（3）Doyoulikethebeautifulflowers?在這些句子中的book,light,flowers前面的修飾語只是簡單詞,它們對后面的幾個名詞起一種修飾作用。那如果要表達以下幾個句子又該怎么辦呢？（1）我昨天買的這本書不貴。（2）住在我隔壁的這個人是賣菜的。（3）那是他們?nèi)ツ曜〉姆孔?。?）小明還記得他第一次來廣州那天。這時,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn),只用簡單詞來做修飾語還不行，有的時候需要用句子來表達意思：(1):Thisbook(that/which)Iboughtyesterdayisnotexpensive.(2):Themanthat/wholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.(3):Thatisthehousewheretheylivedlastyear.(4):XiaomingstillremembersthedaywhenhefirstcametoGuangzhou.這些斜體部分的句子就是定語從句。我們把在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子稱之為定語從句。上面四句中的book,man,house,day是定語從句被修飾的詞,叫作先行詞，用來引導(dǎo)從句的that,which,who叫作關(guān)系代詞（一般情況下，定語從句放在先行詞后面），where,when叫作關(guān)系副詞?？枷蚨憾ㄕZ從句的構(gòu)成及類別關(guān)系代詞That人，物主語賓語(1)Thehousethatwasbuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.(2)TheteacherthatteachesusisateacherofEnglish.Which物賓語主語(1)Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(which在從句中作主語)(2)Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.(which在從句中作賓語)Who人主語賓語ThemenwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.(who在從句中作主語)*Whom人賓語Theman(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.(whom在從句中作賓語)Whose人，物定語(1)Iknowaboywhosemotherisateacherinourschool.(2)Helikethebookwhosecover(封面)isapicture.注：在whose后面，一定要有名詞，因為它起到定語的作用，用來修飾名詞。as人，物主語賓語ThisisasamepenasIlostyesterday.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.關(guān)系副詞Where地點狀語ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisIthewestofthecity.Why原因狀語Thereasonwhyyouwerelatewasunbelievable.When時間狀語IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.【即學即練】Thefactory_____myfriendworksisfarfrommyhome.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whatThefactory_____myfriendvisitedlastyearisfarfrommyhome.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.what3.Iwon’tforgettheday____Iwasborn.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.inwhich4.Iwon’tforgettheday____IspentinNanHuaTemplethreedaysagoA.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat考向三：定語從句中幾個須注意的問題關(guān)于“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)我們還是先看幾個句子：ThepersonwhomyoushouldwritetoisMr.Brown.Thathousethattheyarelivinginbelongstome.ThedaywhichmysisterwasbornonisMarch,1999.Sheshowedmethedictionarywhichshepaidalotmoneyfor.Themanwhomyouspoketolastnightismyfather.考慮一下，把上述五句的介詞去掉可否？當然不行，因為句中的whom，that,which等在從句中無法做動詞的賓語，那么就要在動詞后加個合適的介詞，句子才通。因此，這些句子也可說成：6.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Brown.7.Thathouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.8.ThedayonwhichmysisterwasbornisMarch,1999.9.Sheshowedmethedictionaryforwhichshepaidalotmoney.10.Themantowhomyouspokelastnightismyfather.注意：1在第2句中的介詞in如果要前置放到關(guān)系詞前面，則不能寫成：Thathouseinthattheyarelivingbelongstome.應(yīng)該寫成：Thathouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.2含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.

(正)

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.

(誤)關(guān)于“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)首先我們來看兩個句子。Thebosswenttothehospital.MrKingworkedintheboss’scompany.如果我們要把這兩句話整合成一句話，該怎樣做呢？可能同學們會想到以下的答案：MrKingworkedinthecompanywhosebosswenttothehospital.但是更貼近原意的表達應(yīng)該是怎么樣的呢？這類定語從句并不太難。其實我們可以把它理解為“介詞+關(guān)系詞”與whose的定語從句的結(jié)合體。Theboss,inwhosecompanyMr.Kingworkedwenttothehospital.關(guān)于只用that不用which的時候這樣的情況通常有4種：當先行詞有最高級形容詞修飾時，定語從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that來引導(dǎo),如Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveseen.當先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，only,very,thefirst,thelast等修飾詞時，定語從句也常用that來引導(dǎo)。如Sheistheonlyperson(that)Icanbelievein.Thatisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning.當先行詞之前有不定代詞all,any,every,no等詞時，其后的定語從句常用that來引導(dǎo)。如Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.Thisisall(that)Icantellyou.當先行詞既指人有指事物的時候,如Heisnotinterestedinthepeopleandthethingsthathesawinthemarket.關(guān)于只用which不用that的時候1在非限制性定語從句2在定語從句中，用來代替事物或前面的句子的時候（詳見下面的內(nèi)容）考向四：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句關(guān)于非限制性定語從句（非限制性定語從句也稱為非限定性定語從句）對于這項內(nèi)容的基本問題，主要掌握好在非限制性定語從句中從句和主句間往往用逗號隔開這一特征，而且要注意，在非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞不用that,如YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.Thedam,whichisthebiggestintheworld,is3800metreslong.Theworkers,someofwhomstayedforfouryears,camefromdifferentcountries.（1）限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系密切，如果省略了，主句的意思不明確，而且，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開。而非限制性定語從句則不同。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodnovel,whichisfamousandpopular.又如：ShehasasonwhostudiesinBritain.她有個在美國留學的兒子。（意思含有：她可能還有別的孩子）Shehasason,whostudiesinBritain.她有個兒子在美國留學。（意思含有：她只有一個兒子）（2）限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是部分或整個主句。此時一般由關(guān)系代詞which或as來引導(dǎo)。如：Jennywaslateagain,whichmadeherteacherangry.Mywifeispatientwithmyson,whichIamseldom.IamgoodatEnglish,asyouknow.Ashepointedout,yourwordswerewrong.（as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，可以在主句的前或后。）用which代替整個句子的用法Thebambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Tomwasplayinghisgameboy,whichmadehisteacherquiteangry.as和which的用法as引導(dǎo)定語從句主要用于非限制性定語從句和thesame…as，such…as，的結(jié)構(gòu)中。1.as與which都可以引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，并代表前面整個句子或主句中的表語。Hemarriedthegirl，as(which)wasnatural.

Heseemedaforeigner,as(which)infacthewas.

不同的是：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置，而which不行。Aswasnatural,hemarriedthegirl.Asweknow,theearthisround.2.在thesame…as,such…as,結(jié)構(gòu)中，same,such,之后應(yīng)是名詞。Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.這些結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用which改寫。但要去掉這種結(jié)構(gòu)，不能直接用which代替as。以上兩句分別可以改寫成：Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.

Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.注意：thesame…as與thesame…that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別是：前者修飾的是與原物同樣的；而后者修飾的就是先行詞同樣的東西。是比較：ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.這和我丟失的那一只表一樣。（不是同一只）ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟失的那一只表。（同一只）【即學即練】1.___isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth．(NMET01)A．That B．It

C．Which D．As2.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,＿＿wehadn’texpected．A．when B．that C．which D．what3.___ismentionedabovethenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing．A．Which B．As

C．That D．It4.Thosehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice___peopleexpected．(上00)A．like B．a(chǎn)s

C．that D．which1．—Jenny,Italkedbacktomymotherlastnight.WhatshouldIdo?—Youaresupposedtosaysorry.Parentsarethepeople________loveyou________intheworld.A．who;better B．who;most C．whom;better D．whom;most2．Chancesbelongtothose________keeptrying.Aslongasyoukeepworkinghard,you’llgetabigsuccesssoonerorlater.A．who B．that C．whom D．which3．—DoyouadmireDr.ZhangWenhong?—Ofcourse!Heisakind-hearteddoctor________isprofessionalandhumorous.A．whom B．which C．who D．where4．Curling(冰壺)isawintersport________isgettingmoreandmorepopularinChina.A．who B．what C．where D．which5．Johnistheboy________legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A．who B．which C．whom D．whose6．Thisistheskirt_______Iboughtyesterday.A．who B．whom C．where D．that7．Afterretiring,myteacherMr.Daimovedtothevillagehewasbornsixtyyearsago.A．when B．which C．where D．what8．Thisisthesmallvillageinn______notlongago.A．westayed B．wherewestayedC．whichwestayed D．wherewestayedin9．It’sanorganization________canhelppoorchildren.A．who B．which C．where D．when10．Isthisthegirl_________youmetyesterday?A．whom B．whose C．which D．what11．—Thesedays,manykidsareveryinterestedinthesongLonelyWarriors.Why?—Maybetheythinkit’sasong________hasgreatlyricsandrhrhythm.A．which B．who C．where D．what12．—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikethemovies________canmakemelaugh.A．where B．what C．which D．when13．—HaveyoureadthebookTheoldmanandtheseawrittenbytheAmericanwriter,Hemingway?—Ofcourse,anamazingstory.It’sthebestbook________I’veeverread.A．which B．what C．who D．that14．—Doyouknowtheboy________isunderthetree?—Oh,heismycousin.A．which B．who C．whom D．whose15．MichaelJacksonwasasinger________isconsideredasthekingofpopmusic.A．what B．whose C．who D．which16．—Haveyouheardoftheplace________hevisitedlastsummer?—Yes,itistheveryplace________thegreatwriter,LuXunwasborn.A．where;where B．where;that C．/;where D．that;that17．Thewoman________isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A．which B．who C．whom D．what18．Thewoman________isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A．whom B．what C．which D．who19．Couldyoutellmetheresultofthediscussion________youhadmadeinthemeetingjustnow?A．who B．when C．how D．that20．Asweallknow,adoctorisaperson________looksafterpeople’shealth.A．who B．whose C．which D．whom21．—DoyouknowwhoSuBingtianis?—Yes,heisafamousrunner________setthenewAsianrecordof9.83secondinmen’s100-meterraceatthe2020TokyoOlympics.A．who B．whom C．whose D．which22．—HaveyouwatchedtheTVplay“LikeaFlowingRiver”?—Yes.It’sthemostpopularTVplay________makespeopleknowaboutthereformandopening-uppolicy.A．where B．that C．what D．whom23．—Whatkindofjobdoyoulike?—Oh,Ipreferthejob________canmakeourcitymorebeautiful.A．what B．which C．whose D．who24．—AtpresentyoungpeoplepreferWeChattokeepintouchwiththeirfriends.—Yes.Itseemstobethebestwayofcommunication________peoplelike.A．which B．what C．who D．that25．—Weareproudofthegreatchanges________ourcountryhashadtheseyears.—Yes,somanyvillageshavetakenonanewlook.A．that B．what C．who D．where26．Theunforgettableexperience________wehadinthesummercampmakesusgrowup.A．who B．whose C．which D．whom27．TheCD________myuncleboughtformeasabirthdaygiftismyfavorite.A．which B．who C．what D．whose28．Manypeopleherelikethisbeautifulpark________isfullofcolorfulflowers.A．who B．where C．which D．what29．Ilikebooks________areaboutpowerfulandsuccessfulpeople.A．whose B．what C．who D．which30．Ireallyadmirethosevolunteers________canoffertohelppeopleintrouble.A．who B．which C．whom D．what31．—IheardthatAECM（抗疫表彰會）washeldinLanzhouonApril26th.—Yes.IreallylookuptothoseheroesinGansu________havemadegreatachievements（成就）A．who B．which C．where D．whose32．—Susanstillmisses________inWenzhou.—Iknow.Localsnacksareherfavourite.A．thefriendlypeoplewhoshemet B．thedayswhichshespentwithusC．thefamousplacesthatshevisited D．thedeliciousfoodwhichshetried33．Amemorialmeetingwasheldtohonortheheroes________losttheirlivesduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19.A．who B．which C．what D．whose34．YuanLongpingisoneofthegreatestscientists________Irespectalot.A．why B．which C．what D．that35．—Haveyoufoundthemobilephone_________youlostinthetaxiyesterday?—Notyet.I’llhavetobuyanewone.A．which B．what C．who D．where36．Thisisthefirstbirthdaygift________Ireceived.I’vekeptitmanyyears.A．that B．who C．what D．which37．—Hey,Bob.Whatareyoudoing?—I’mwritingathank-noteto________.A．thestudentwhousuallyplaysbasketballwithusB．theneighbourwhooftenmakesnoiseinthemidnightC．thepassengerwhogotonthewrongbusthismorningD．theworkerwhooftenpicksuprubbishinthelocalpark38．Accordingtoarecentstudy,adults________oftendohouseworkmightstayhealthyintooldage.A．when B．which C．who D．what39．—Tom,whatkindofstoriesdoyouprefer?—Theones________haveahappyending.A．that B．who C．those D．whom40．—Volunteeringisameaningfulactivity.—Iagree.Weshouldexpressthankstothepeople________dovolunteerjobs.A．whom B．what C．who D．which41．—Momiswaiting.Canwesetoffnow?—Justaminute.Ican’tfindtheshoes________Iboughtlastweek.A．that B．who C．what D．who42．He________doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．whom B．/ C．which D．who43．—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Iprefermovies_________mesomethingtothinkabout.A．whomgive B．whogives C．whichgive D．thatgives44．Studentslovetheteachers________areoutgoingandhumorous.A．who B．whom C．which D．whose45．—Doyoulikethemovie________iscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?—Sure.Ithinknomovieis________thanit.A．that;moretouching B．what;lesstouching C．that;moretouched D．which;lesstouched46．—Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingoverthere?—Yes.Sheismysister.A．when B．where C．who D．which47．AgathaChristiewasafemalewriter________isconsideredthequeenofcrimenovels.A．what B．whose C．who D．which48．—Ihavereadbooks________werewrittenbyCharlesDickens.—SodoI.DavidCopperfieldismyfavorite.A．how B．who C．what D．that49．Iwillneverforgetthepeople_________helpedmealotduringmyhardtime.A．which B．who C．whose D．whom50．Greatchangeshavetakenplacehere.Everything________comesintomyeyesissonewtome.A．that B．which C．who D．whom51．—HaveyouheardofthestoryofMulan?—Ofcourse.Mulanisabravegirl________herfather’splacetofightinthearmy.A．whomtake B．thattake C．whichtakes D．whotakes52．I’llneverforgettheplace________wevisitedtogetherlastyear.A．which B．what C．who D．whom53．Inmyopinion,ofallthebooks,thisistheonlyone______iswellworthreading.A．who B．that C．whom D．what54．—Whatcanwedofortheleft-homechildreninthevillage________needhelp?—Wecouldhelpthemwiththeirstudyonlineonweekends.A．which B．whom C．whose D．who55．Wefollow________thatcarhasleftinthegrass.A．mark B．marking C．themarks D．tomark56．Chinaisgettingbetteratmakingthemostpopularhigh-techproducts________canbeboughtinallpartsoftheworld.A．who B．which C．what D．that57．—Isthewoman______walkedpastjustnowyourteacher?—Yes,sheteaches______Englishandweallloveherverymuch.A．which;our B．who;us C．which;us D．that;our58．We’llneverforgettheheroes________bringpeoplehopeindifficulttimes.A．which B．whom C．whose D．who59．I’dliketoexpressmythankstoeveryone________servedthecommunity.A．which B．who C．where D．when60．Thevictimwantedtoreportthecrime________hisbosshadcommittedtothepolice.A．which B．whom C．who D．what考點13定語從句考向一：定語從句的基本概念及其功能意義我們先看以下幾個句子：（1）Thisishisbook.（2）Pleaseturnonthatgreenlight.（3）Doyoulikethebeautifulflowers?在這些句子中的book,light,flowers前面的修飾語只是簡單詞,它們對后面的幾個名詞起一種修飾作用。那如果要表達以下幾個句子又該怎么辦呢？（1）我昨天買的這本書不貴。（2）住在我隔壁的這個人是賣菜的。（3）那是他們?nèi)ツ曜〉姆孔?。?）小明還記得他第一次來廣州那天。這時,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn),只用簡單詞來做修飾語還不行，有的時候需要用句子來表達意思：(1):Thisbook(that/which)Iboughtyesterdayisnotexpensive.(2):Themanthat/wholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.(3):Thatisthehousewheretheylivedlastyear.(4):XiaomingstillremembersthedaywhenhefirstcametoGuangzhou.這些斜體部分的句子就是定語從句。我們把在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子稱之為定語從句。上面四句中的book,man,house,day是定語從句被修飾的詞,叫作先行詞，用來引導(dǎo)從句的that,which,who叫作關(guān)系代詞（一般情況下，定語從句放在先行詞后面），where,when叫作關(guān)系副詞?？枷蚨憾ㄕZ從句的構(gòu)成及類別關(guān)系代詞That人，物主語賓語(1)Thehousethatwasbuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.(2)TheteacherthatteachesusisateacherofEnglish.Which物賓語主語(1)Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(which在從句中作主語)(2)Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.(which在從句中作賓語)Who人主語賓語ThemenwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.(who在從句中作主語)*Whom人賓語Theman(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.(whom在從句中作賓語)Whose人，物定語(1)Iknowaboywhosemotherisateacherinourschool.(2)Helikethebookwhosecover(封面)isapicture.注：在whose后面，一定要有名詞，因為它起到定語的作用，用來修飾名詞。as人，物主語賓語ThisisasamepenasIlostyesterday.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.關(guān)系副詞Where地點狀語ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisIthewestofthecity.Why原因狀語Thereasonwhyyouwerelatewasunbelievable.When時間狀語IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.【即學即練】Thefactory_____myfriendworksisfarfrommyhome.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whatThefactory_____myfriendvisitedlastyearisfarfrommyhome.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.what3.Iwon’tforgettheday____Iwasborn.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.inwhich4.Iwon’tforgettheday____IspentinNanHuaTemplethreedaysagoA.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat上面的第1、2題有相似之處，同樣，第3、4題也是。第1題答案是B，而第2題的是C，為什么題目貌似相同，答案卻各異呢？我們要分析句子：首先找出句子的主干，第1句“Thefactory_____myfriendworksisfarfrommyhome”的主干是“Thefactoryisfarfrommyhome”，然后找出先行詞，該句的先行詞是factory，再看看定語從句部分是從哪里到哪里，不難看出，這個句子的定語從句部分是“_____myfriendworks”，想想，如果在橫線上填上which,that可不可以？如果填上去的話，那這個關(guān)系詞就得在從句中作主語或賓語，但work這個詞不是及物動詞,從邏輯上講,其后是不能直接接賓語的,但可帶狀語。所以，該題應(yīng)選B。我們再看第2題，“Thefactory_____myfriendvisitedlastyearisfarfrommyhome.”按上述分析法，可以看出定語從句部分“_____myfriendvisitedlastyear”缺的是賓語，visit的邏輯賓語。因此，答案選C。請用上述的分析方法自己分析第3和第4題。這兩題的答案分別為B和A?？枷蛉憾ㄕZ從句中幾個須注意的問題關(guān)于“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)我們還是先看幾個句子：ThepersonwhomyoushouldwritetoisMr.Brown.Thathousethattheyarelivinginbelongstome.ThedaywhichmysisterwasbornonisMarch,1999.Sheshowedmethedictionarywhichshepaidalotmoneyfor.Themanwhomyouspoketolastnightismyfather.考慮一下，把上述五句的介詞去掉可否？當然不行，因為句中的whom，that,which等在從句中無法做動詞的賓語，那么就要在動詞后加個合適的介詞，句子才通。因此，這些句子也可說成：6.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Brown.7.Thathouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.8.ThedayonwhichmysisterwasbornisMarch,1999.9.Sheshowedmethedictionaryforwhichshepaidalotmoney.10.Themantowhomyouspokelastnightismyfather.注意：1在第2句中的介詞in如果要前置放到關(guān)系詞前面，則不能寫成：Thathouseinthattheyarelivingbelongstome.應(yīng)該寫成：Thathouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.2含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.

(正)

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.

(誤)關(guān)于“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)首先我們來看兩個句子。Thebosswenttothehospital.MrKingworkedintheboss’scompany.如果我們要把這兩句話整合成一句話，該怎樣做呢？可能同學們會想到以下的答案：MrKingworkedinthecompanywhosebosswenttothehospital.但是更貼近原意的表達應(yīng)該是怎么樣的呢？這類定語從句并不太難。其實我們可以把它理解為“介詞+關(guān)系詞”與whose的定語從句的結(jié)合體。Theboss,inwhosecompanyMr.Kingworkedwenttothehospital.關(guān)于只用that不用which的時候這樣的情況通常有4種：當先行詞有最高級形容詞修飾時，定語從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that來引導(dǎo),如Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveseen.當先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，only,very,thefirst,thelast等修飾詞時，定語從句也常用that來引導(dǎo)。如Sheistheonlyperson(that)Icanbelievein.Thatisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning.當先行詞之前有不定代詞all,any,every,no等詞時，其后的定語從句常用that來引導(dǎo)。如Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.Thisisall(that)Icantellyou.當先行詞既指人有指事物的時候,如Heisnotinterestedinthepeopleandthethingsthathesawinthemarket.關(guān)于只用which不用that的時候1在非限制性定語從句2在定語從句中，用來代替事物或前面的句子的時候（詳見下面的內(nèi)容）考向四：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句關(guān)于非限制性定語從句（非限制性定語從句也稱為非限定性定語從句）對于這項內(nèi)容的基本問題，主要掌握好在非限制性定語從句中從句和主句間往往用逗號隔開這一特征，而且要注意，在非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞不用that,如YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.Thedam,whichisthebiggestintheworld,is3800metreslong.Theworkers,someofwhomstayedforfouryears,camefromdifferentcountries.（1）限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系密切，如果省略了，主句的意思不明確，而且，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開。而非限制性定語從句則不同。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodnovel,whichisfamousandpopular.又如：ShehasasonwhostudiesinBritain.她有個在美國留學的兒子。（意思含有：她可能還有別的孩子）Shehasason,whostudiesinBritain.她有個兒子在美國留學。（意思含有：她只有一個兒子）（2）限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是部分或整個主句。此時一般由關(guān)系代詞which或as來引導(dǎo)。如：Jennywaslateagain,whichmadeherteacherangry.Mywifeispatientwithmyson,whichIamseldom.IamgoodatEnglish,asyouknow.Ashepointedout,yourwordswerewrong.（as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，可以在主句的前或后。）用which代替整個句子的用法Thebambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Tomwasplayinghisgameboy,whichmadehisteacherquiteangry.as和which的用法as引導(dǎo)定語從句主要用于非限制性定語從句和thesame…as，such…as，的結(jié)構(gòu)中。1.as與which都可以引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，并代表前面整個句子或主句中的表語。Hemarriedthegirl，as(which)wasnatural.

Heseemedaforeigner,as(which)infacthewas.

不同的是：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置，而which不行。Aswasnatural,hemarriedthegirl.Asweknow,theearthisround.2.在thesame…as,such…as,結(jié)構(gòu)中，same,such,之后應(yīng)是名詞。Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.這些結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用which改寫。但要去掉這種結(jié)構(gòu)，不能直接用which代替as。以上兩句分別可以改寫成：Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.

Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.注意：thesame…as與thesame…that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別是：前者修飾的是與原物同樣的；而后者修飾的就是先行詞同樣的東西。是比較：ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.這和我丟失的那一只表一樣。（不是同一只）ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟失的那一只表。（同一只）【即學即練】1.___isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth．(NMET01)A．That B．It

C．Which D．As2.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,＿＿wehadn’texpected．A．when B．that C．which D．what3.___ismentionedabovethenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing．A．Which B．As

C．That D．It4.Thosehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice___peopleexpected．(上00)A．like B．a(chǎn)s

C．that D．which 分析：1－4DCBB①as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可放在主句之前、之后或插在句中，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句后面。如題1，as引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首。②as引導(dǎo)定語從句有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which沒有，如題2和題3。③在固定結(jié)構(gòu)“such．．．a(chǎn)s”，“thesame．．．a(chǎn)s”中用as而不用which，如題4。1．—Jenny,Italkedbacktomymotherlastnight.WhatshouldIdo?—Youaresupposedtosaysorry.Parentsarethepeople________loveyou________intheworld.A．who;better B．who;most C．whom;better D．whom;most2．Chancesbelongtothose________keeptrying.Aslongasyoukeepworkinghard,you’llgetabigsuccesssoonerorlater.A．who B．that C．whom D．which3．—DoyouadmireDr.ZhangWenhong?—Ofcourse!Heisakind-hearteddoctor________isprofessionalandhumorous.A．whom B．which C．who D．where4．Curling(冰壺)isawintersport________isgettingmoreandmorepopularinChina.A．who B．what C．where D．which5．Johnistheboy________legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A．who B．which C．whom D．whose6．Thisistheskirt_______Iboughtyesterday.A．who B．whom C．where D．that7．Afterretiring,myteacherMr.Daimovedtothevillagehewasbornsixtyyearsago.A．when B．which C．where D．what8．Thisisthesmallvillageinn______notlongago.A．westayed B．wherewestayedC．whichwestayed D．wherewestayedin9．It’sanorganization________canhelppoorchildren.A．who B．which C．where D．when10．Isthisthegirl_________youmetyesterday?A．whom B．whose C．which D．what11．—Thesedays,manykidsareveryinterestedinthesongLonelyWarriors.Why?—Maybetheythinkit’sasong________hasgreatlyricsandrhrhythm.A．which B．who C．where D．what12．—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikethemovies________canmakemelaugh.A．where B．what C．which D．when13．—HaveyoureadthebookTheoldmanandtheseawrittenbytheAmericanwriter,Hemingway?—Ofcourse,anamazingstory.It’sthebestbook________I’veeverread.A．which B．what C．who D．that14．—Doyouknowtheboy________isunderthetree?—Oh,heismycousin.A．which B．who C．whom D．whose15．MichaelJacksonwasasinger________isconsideredasthekingofpopmusic.A．what B．whose C．who D．which16．—Haveyouheardoftheplace________hevisitedlastsummer?—Yes,itistheveryplace________thegreatwriter,LuXunwasborn.A．where;where B．where;that C．/;where D．that;that17．Thewoman________isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A．which B．who C．whom D．what18．Thewoman________isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A．whom B．what C．which D．who19．Couldyoutellmetheresultofthediscussion________youhadmadeinthemeetingjustnow?A．who B．when C．how D．that20．Asweallknow,adoctorisaperson________looksafterpeople’shealth.A．who B．whose C．which D．whom21．—DoyouknowwhoSuBingtianis?—Yes,heisafamousrunner________setthenewAsianrecordof9.83secondinmen’s100-meterraceatthe2020TokyoOlympics.A．who B．whom C．whose D．which22．—HaveyouwatchedtheTVplay“LikeaFlowingRiver”?—Yes.It’sthemostpopularTVplay________makespeopleknowaboutthereformandopening-uppolicy.A．where B．that C．what D．whom23．—Whatkindofjobdoyoulike?—Oh,Ipreferthejob________canmakeourcitymorebeautiful.A．what B．which C．whose D．who24．—AtpresentyoungpeoplepreferWeChattokeepintouchwiththeirfriends.—Yes.Itseemstobethebestwayofcommunication________peoplelike.A．which B．what C．who D．that25．—Weareproudofthegreatchanges________ourcountryhashadtheseyears.—Yes,somanyvillageshavetakenonanewlook.A．that B．what C．who D．where26．Theunforgettableexperience________wehadinthesummercampmakesusgrowup.A．who B．whose C．which D．whom27．TheCD________myuncleboughtformeasabirthdaygiftismyfavorite.A．which B．who C．what D．whose28．Manypeopleherelikethisbeautifulpark________isfullofcolorfulflowers.A．who B．where C．which D．what29．Ilikebooks________areaboutpowerfulandsuccessfulpeople.A．whose B．what C．who D．which30．Ireallyadmirethosevolunteers________canoffertohelppeopleintrouble.A．who B．which C．whom D．what31．—IheardthatAECM（抗疫表彰會）washeldinLanzhouonApril26th.—Yes.IreallylookuptothoseheroesinGansu________havemadegreatachievements（成就）A．who B．which C．where D．whose32．—Susanstillmisses________inWenzhou.—Iknow.Localsnacksareherfavourite.A．thefriendlypeoplewhoshemet B．thedayswhichshespentwithusC．thefamousplacesthatshevisited D．thedeliciousfoodwhichshetried33．Amemorialmeetingwasheldtohonortheheroes________losttheirlivesduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19.A．who B．which C．what D．whose34．YuanLongpingisoneofthegreatestscientists________Irespectalot.A．why B．which C．what D．that35．—Haveyoufoundthemobilephone_________youlostinthetaxiyesterday?—Notyet.I’llhavetobuyanewone.A．which B．what C．who D．where36．Thisisthefirstbirthdaygift________Ireceived.I’vekeptitmanyyears.A．that B．who C．what D．which37．—Hey,Bob.Whatareyoudoing?—I’mwritingathank-noteto________.A．thestudentwhousuallyplaysbasketballwithusB．theneighbourwhooftenmakesnoiseinthemidnightC．thepassengerwhogotonthewrongbusthismorningD．theworkerwhooftenpicksuprubbishinthelocalpark38．Accordingtoarecentstudy,adults________oftendohouseworkmightstayhealthyintooldage.A．when B．which C．who D．what39．—Tom,whatkindofstoriesdoyouprefer?—Theones________haveahappyending.A．that B．who C．those D．whom40．—Volunteeringisameaningfulactivity.—Iagree.Weshouldexpressthankstothepeople________dovolunteerjobs.A．whom B．what C．who D．which41．—Momiswaiting.Canwesetoffnow?—Justaminute.Ican’tfindtheshoes________Iboughtlastweek.A．that B．who C．what D．who42．He________doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．whom B．/ C．which D．who43．—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Iprefermovies_________mesomethingtothinkabout.A．whomgive B．whogives C．whichgive D．thatgives44．Studentslovetheteachers________areoutgoingandhumorous.A．who B．whom C．which D．whose45．—Doyoulikethemovie________iscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?—Sure.Ithinknomoviei