定語從句講課

定語從句（四）“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句1.很多情況下關系副詞用“介詞＋which/whom”來代替***關系代詞前的介詞如何確定？A.依據(jù)定語從句中動詞的某種習慣搭配

Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.B.依據(jù)先行詞的某種習慣搭配確定Thisisahallwherethemedicalconferencewillbeheld.=Thisisahallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.這是禮堂，醫(yī)學會議將在此召開。（inthehall）C.根據(jù)所表達的意思確定Thegaswithwhichdoctorscansavethepatientsiscalledoxygen.Thegaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.IshallneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedwithher.=IshallneverforgetthoseyearsduringwhichIlivedwithher.我將永遠不會忘記我跟她生活的那些歲月。This

is

the

boy

(whom

/

who

/

that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。

The

manager

whose

company

I

work

in

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

The

manager

in

whose

company

I

work

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。

注意：１．

含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look

for,

look

after,

take

care

of

等。

This

is

the

watch

(which

/

that)

I

am

looking

for.

(正)

。

This

is

the

watch

for

which

I

am

looking

.

(誤)

The

babies

(whom

/

who

/

that)

the

nurse

is

looking

after

are

very

healthy.

(正)The

babies

after

whom

the

nurse

is

looking

are

very

healthy.

（誤）

２．若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who,

that；關系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關系代詞是所有格時用whose，介詞在句尾時，關系代詞可which,that,whom,who,都行，而且還可以省略。

The

man

with

whom

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

(正)

The

man

with

that

/

who

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

(誤)

The

plane

in

which

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(正)The

plane

in

that

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(誤)

３．“介詞+關系代詞”前還可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which

have

gone

bad.

There

are

forty

students

in

our

class

in

all,

most

of

whom

are

from

big

cities.

Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.

4.......，...of+關系代詞=whoseIliveintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth=Iliveintheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth5.which代替this/that/theHemightbeinbed,inwhichcasewecangowithouthim.6.介詞+關系代詞+todo可轉化為“介詞+關系代詞+句子Thepoormanhadnohouseinwhichtolive=thepoormanhadnohouseinwhichhecouldlive.Shehadonly8dollarswithwhichshecouldbuyherhusbandapresent.________________________________________________________________7.fromwhere“:介詞+關系副詞”where指前面表具體位置的介詞短語。Hestoodonthetopofthehill,fromwherehecouldseethewholevillage.Exercises:

1.Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,_____isMary's.

Athesmallest

ofwhich

Bthesmallerofwhich

Cthesmallestofthem

Dthesmallestone

2.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,_____itwillbecompletelyfinished.

Abythetime

Bbywhichtime

Cbythattime

Dbythistime

3.Alicehasalargecollectionofpicture,_____wastakeninlondon.

Anoneofthem

Bnooneofwhich

Callofwhich

Dnoneofwhich

4.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbefore

livedahappylife.

Awho

Bwhose

Cinwhose

Dinwhich

5.Thereisamoutain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.

Awhose

Bof

which

Cit's

Dthat

6.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in____caseshewon'tarriveforanotherhour.

Awhat

Bthat

Cwhich

Dthis

7.1)Ihavethreechildren,andtwoof_____aredoctors.

2)Ihavethreechildren,twoof____aredoctors.

8.Theretwothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.

Atwo-thirdsinwhich

Btwo-thirdsinthem

Ctwo-thirdsofthem

Dofwhomtwothirds

9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.

Aneitherofthem

Bnoneofthem

Cneitherofwhich

Dnoneofwhich（1---6ABDCBC8----9DC）（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的”關系詞的使用上：A．作賓語時可省略B．可用thatC．可用who

代替whom

非限制性定語從句

形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。

意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。

譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。

關系詞的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who

代替whom

限制性定語從句舉例：

The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

only

person

that

I

could

depend

on.

China

is

a

country

which

has

a

long

history.

非限制性定語從句舉例

：

His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

China,

which

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.

（六）定語從句注意問題（1）限制性定語從句中只能用that

不用which引導定語從句的情況

1．當先行詞是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

除外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代詞時，或當先行詞受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代詞修飾時。如：

Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr.

Li

said?

記下

There

seems

to

be

nothing

that

is

impossible

to

him

in

the

world.

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.

。

There

is

little

that

I

can

do

for

you.

。

He

stayed

in

the

library

and

looked

up

any

information

that

they

needed.

注意：當先行詞指人時，也可用關系代詞who，如：

Any

man

that

/

who

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

do

such

a

thing.

任何人

All

the

guests

that

/

who

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

2．當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：

The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

大本鐘。

3．當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：

This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.

4．當先行詞被the

very,

the

only,thelast修飾時。如：

This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.

After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

that

he

owns.

注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代詞who。如：

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

who

will

attend

the

meeting.

5．當先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問代詞時。如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

gate?

Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most?

？

6．當先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如：

They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

that

they

remembered

at

school

Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

that

are

walking

up

the

street.瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的

毛驢。7.關系代詞作表語時，關系代詞用that.Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.China

isn’tthecountrythatitusedtobe.<2>．只能用which不用that的情況引導非限定性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子。Beijing,whichischina’scapital,isrichinculture.Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.2)介詞后只用which

Thisistheroominwhichhelived.

Idon’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.

Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofwood.3)先行詞是that時，關系代詞要用which.What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?(4)關系代詞后面有插入語時，益用關系代詞which.HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.<3>．只用who,whom.而不用that的情況

(1)如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,ones等時，關系代詞應該用who或whom，不用which.that。例如：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.（2）當先行詞是指人的集合名詞時，如果作這個名詞著眼于集體的整體，關系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。

Mr.Smithcametovisitmyfamily,whowerewatchingTVthen.

Ourclass,whichisaverygoodone,waspraisedagainatthemeeting.

(3)當先行詞有較長的后置定語或者在被分割的定語從句中，宜用關系代詞whoPro.WangiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.Ⅱ、Fillintheblanks：1、Thisistheprofessor taughtmechemistryin1980.2、Thehospital wasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.3、Thisistheboy fatherdiedthreeyearsago.4、Thefilm wesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.5、Doyouknowthestudent waspraisedatthemeeting?6、1949istheyear thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.7、Theyworkinafactory makesradioparts.8、Theyworkinafactory radiopartsaremade.9、Thisisthevisionphonethrough wecanseeandtalktoourfriends.10、HereareplayersfromJapan,someof areouroldfriends.定語從句專項練習。1、Theknife wecutthebreadisverysharp. A．which B．with C．withit D．withwhich2、Thebraveman, thetigerwasshot,isagoodhunter. A．ofwhom B．bythat C．bywhom D．bywhich3、Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall, hecouldseewhatitwasgoingoninsidethehouse. A．onwhich B．a(chǎn)twhich C．throughwhich D．inwhich4、Thebeautifuldress MissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers. A．inwhich B．wornby C．throughwhich D．onwhich5、Duringthedays ,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns’. A．thatfollowed B．tofollow C．following D．followed6、Youmaytak