2024年全國攻讀碩士學位探討生入學考試英語試題

2024年全國攻讀碩士學位探討生入學考試英語試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,

B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoung

people)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories

1_ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior2theywerenot

sufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough

3withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin

4totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,5asarejectionof

middle-classvalues.

Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,

6thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommit

crimes7lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare

8tocriticism.

Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly9juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,

changesintheeconomythat10tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrising

unemployment11makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresulting

discontentmayin12leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.

Familieshavealso13changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parent

householdsortwoworkingparents;14,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome

15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16.Thislackofparentalsupervisionis

thoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other17causesofoffensiveactsinclude

frustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased18ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing19

ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachild

committingacriminalact,20adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.

1.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]commenting

2.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[D]because

3.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[D]consultation

4.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[D]response

5.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[D]orelse

6.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding

7.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with

8.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject

9.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]chock[D]reflect

10.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[D]amount

11.[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast[D]atlength

12.[A]case[B]short[C]turn[D]essence

13.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[D]experienced

14.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously

15.[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as

16.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[D]heritage

17.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]incredible

18.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[D]availability

19.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity

20.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[D]supposing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],

[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajob

databaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite's"personal

searchagent”.Ifsaninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,

andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchose

thekeywordslegal,intellectualpropertyandWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirst

notificationofanopening."Istruckgold,^^saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetothe

employerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.

Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanhe

time-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.

ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyour

criteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:"Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminatea

possibility,9,saysoneexpert.

Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept——whatyouthinkyouwantto

do-thenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,^^saysanotherexpert."There'snocareer

counselingimplicitinallofthis.^^Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftip

servicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,considerita

remindertocheckthedatabaseagain.tuIwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatis

addedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,“saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.

Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite?sagentsends

outmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythree

potentialjobs-thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;

jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem-andtheydo."Onthedayafterwesend

ourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,9,saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketing

forCareerSite.

Eventhosewhoaren'thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemto

keepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationto

armthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,Redmonmaintainshis

agentatCareerBuilder."Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,^^hesays.Workingwithapersonal

searchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.

21.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?

[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.

[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.

[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.

[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.

22.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?

[A]Lackofcounseling.[B]Limitednumberofvisits.

[C]Lowerefficiency.[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.

23.Theexpression"tipservice^^(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.

[A]advisory.[B]compensation.

[C]interaction.[D]reminder.

24.WhydoesCareerSite?sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?

[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.

[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.

[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.

[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.

[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.

[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.

[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.

Text2

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedor

madeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyet

unawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwith

aletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiac

carswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.Lesswellknownistheadvantagethat

AdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthe

halvesofthealphabet.Yetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginning

withlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandC

respectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirst

halfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheads

ofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,

Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,Duisenbergand

Hayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanese

characters.Asaretheworld*sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythe

alphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfant

school,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheir

names.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedthe

improvingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabetically

disadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,

becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheir

awardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlists

forjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobe

drawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.

[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.

[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.

27.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies5names.

[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

28.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat.

[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

[B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

[C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

[D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

29.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph

5)?

[A]Theyaregettingimpatient.

[B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

[C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

[D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

[B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

[C]Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.

[D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

Text3

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe

47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,filingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Most

ofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystopped

showingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.C4Pmagoodeconomicindicator,9,shesays."I

provideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.

SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburban

Clevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.UIdon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandon

me,too/shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsof

workingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap

outlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,who

lastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautious

approachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlast

year'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,not

panicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospectsevenas

theydosomemodestbelt-tightening.

Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirown

fortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,

“there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedby

WallStreetbonuses,saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingeven

asfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree/

saysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabout

theirabilitytofindandkeepajob.

Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlower

interestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumers

seemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary

ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shot

newAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.

maystillbeworthtoasting.

31.By“EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet”(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans.

[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness.

[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork.

[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.

[D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation.

32.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?

[A]Optimistic.[B]Confused.[C]Carefree.[D]Panicked.

33.Whenmentioning"the$4millionto$10millionrange”(Lines3,Paragraph3),theauthoris

talkingabout

[A]goldmarket.

[B]realestate.

[C]stockexchange.

[D]ventureinvestment.

34.Whycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings^^totheeconomicslowdown?

[A]Theywouldbenefitincertainways.

[B]Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.

[C]Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.

[D]Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.

35.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

[A]Anewboom,onthehorizon.

[B]Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.

[C]Cautionallright,panicnot.

[D]Themoreventures,themorechances.

Text4

Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,

entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrento

getapracticaleducation-nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsof

pervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren'tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,

sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch."Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.9,Ravitch'slatestbook.

LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminour

schools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistastefor

intellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthem

vulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideas

andunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuing

alongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,C4Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavea

lesscivilsociety.

""Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,9,writeshistorianandprofessorRichard

HofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzer-Prizewinningbookontherootsof

anti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,says

Hofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsof

elitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoble

qualitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingand

rigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:caWeareshutupinschoolsandcollege

recitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknow

athing.,5MarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itshero

avoidsbeingcivilized-goingtoschoolandlearningtoread-sohecanpreservehisinnate

goodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywe

reluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.

Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,

wonders,theorizes,criticizes,andimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry*s

educationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho^joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilityto

intellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.9,

36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

[A]Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

[B]Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

[C]Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

[D]Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof.

[A]undervaluingintellect.

[B]favoringintellectualism.

[C]supportingschoolreform.

[D]suppressingnativeintelligence.

38.TheviewsofRavitehandEmersononschoolingare.

[A]identical.[B]similar.[C]complementary.[D]opposite.

39.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably.

[A]apioneerofeducationreform.

[B]anopponentofintellectualism.

[C]ascholarinfavorofintellect.

[D]anadvocateofregularschooling.

40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

[A]Itissecondtointelligence.

[B]Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

[C]Itistobepursued.

[D]Itunderliespower

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.(41)The

Greeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,

whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.

Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfrom

theirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasandEdwardSapir,werepioneersin

describingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthe

twentiethcentury.(42)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesince

vanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnative

languages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscentury,however,whowerelesseagertodeal

withbizarredatafrom“exotic“l(fā)anguage,werenotalwayssograteful.(43)Thenewlydescribed

languageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeand

SoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.Native

Americanlanguagesareindeeddifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUS

militaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.

Sapir5spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.(44)

Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthe

structureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthat

becauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguage,thespeakers

ofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.(45)Whorfcametobelieveinasort

oflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind,and

thatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesfortheculture

ofasociety.Later,thisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,butthistermis

somewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguages,

Sapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.

SectionIIIWriting

46.Directions：

Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1.describethedrawing,

2.interpretitsmeaning,and

3.supportyourviewwithexamples.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2(20points)

答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

1.完形填空翻譯：

很多探討青少年犯罪(即低齡人群犯罪)的理論要么強調個人要么強調社會是導致犯罪

的主要因素。強調個人因素的理論認為，兒童從事犯罪活動，是因為他們以前的不良行為沒

有剛好受到懲處，或者由于他們受別人影響而學會了犯罪。強調社會因素的理論認為，兒童

犯罪,是因為他們未能如愿地提高自己的社會經濟地位，或者是因為排斥中產階級的價值觀。

大部分探討青少年犯罪的理論都集中在來自貧困家庭的兒童身上,而忽視了出身富有家

庭的兒童也會犯罪這一事實。這些兒童可能由于缺乏父母管教而犯罪。當然，全部這些理論

都不是定論，并且常常遭到批判。

社會結構的變更可能會間接地影響青少年犯罪率。比如，某些經濟變更導致了年輕人就

業(yè)機會削減和失業(yè)率上升，通常在這種狀況下，想找到薪水豐厚的工作就愈加困難。由此產

生的不滿反過來可能導致更多的年輕人犯罪。

這些年來家庭也在經驗著變更。單親家庭和雙職工家庭越來越多。這樣，兒童在家里所

受到的監(jiān)管就可能比過去傳統(tǒng)家庭要少。人們認為缺乏父母管教是影響青少年犯罪率的因素

之一。其他已知的緣由還包括：青少年在學校里形成的挫敗感或學習不及格，年輕人越來越

簡潔接觸毒品和酒精，以及兒童受虐待和得不到關懷的事務日益增多。全部上述狀況都會增

加青少年犯罪的可能性，雖然其中的干脆因果關系還沒有被證明。

2.完形題目詳解：

1.[A]acting(on)對起作用

[B]relying(on)依靠,希望

[C]centering(on)以..為中心,圍繞；集中于

[D]commenting（on）對...做出評論

[答案]C

[解析]本題考核的學問點是：平行句子結構+分詞短語辨析。

本題要求考生推斷空格處應填入什么分詞與on搭配，構成分詞短語。從結構上看，文

章第一段由三個平行結構的長句子構成，其主要結構為Manytheoriesconcerning...focuson；

Theories1ontheindividualsuggestthat；Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggest

thato三個句子的主語都是theories,并都接有分詞作定語。因此空格處填入的分詞應和前一

句中的concerning、后一句中的focusingon遙相呼應，都表示“關于...的理論”的含義，從文

意方面看，第一句話總述到，關于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理論集中探討兩個方面，

即個人因素和社會因素。其次句強調個人因素的理論。第三句強調（focusingon）社會因素的

理論。能表達出"集中強調”含義的分詞短語只有centeringono

例句補充：Alcoholactsonthebrain.（酒精對大腦起作用）；Shereliesonherparentsfor

tuition.（她的學費依靠于父母）；Hernovelscenteredontheproblemsofadolescence.（她的小

說以青少年問題為中心）；Hecommentedonthebadweatherhere.（他對這里糟糕的天氣發(fā)表

評論）。

2.[A]before在...之前，表時間[B]unless假如不，除非，表條件

[C]until直到..才，表時間[D]because因為，表因果

[答案]D

[解析]本題考核的學問點是：邏輯關系。

本題要求考生推斷空格處應填入什么連詞。首先，從結構上看，本題的空格在一個由that

引導的賓語從句中：Theoriessuggestthat...。該從句含有兩個完整的分句：childrenengagein

criminalbehavior和theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedo考生關鍵要推斷出這兩個在空格前后

的分句之間是什么邏輯關系。其次，依據文意，強調個人因素的理論把犯罪歸結于個人緣由，

依據其觀點，“兒童以前的不良行為沒有剛好地受到懲處”就是“兒童犯罪”的緣由之一，兩者

之間是因果關系。選項中只有連詞because表因果，因此是正確答案。

3.[A]interaction（with）與..的相互作用，相互影響

[B]assimilation（into）適應、同化、融入..

[C]cooperation（with）與..的合作

[D]consultation（with）和..的協(xié)商

[答案]A

[解析]本題考核的學問點是：名詞短語辨析。

本題要求考生推斷空格處應填入什么名詞，與withothers搭配構成名詞短語，來做

through的介詞賓語。首先解除assimilation,它不能與with搭配?？崭袼诘姆志涫莟heyhave

learnedcriminalbehaviorthrough3withothers,其中介詞through表明”和其他人的”

是，，孩子們學會犯罪，，的途徑或方式?？忌酉聛硪茢噙x項中哪個名詞短語可以表示出一種

學會犯罪的途徑或方式。明顯，只有interactionwithothers符合，意為“和他人的相互影響，

即受到壞人的影響（而學會了犯罪）留意cooperationwith多為褒義，而且也不能說是“通

過合作“來學會犯罪。

詞匯補充：interaction可表示“（人的）交往，影響”，其構詞法是inter-（在...之間）+action

（作用）；assimilation表示“（文化、風俗等的）同化”,詞根為similar（相同的）,assimilate

是動詞形式；cooperation意為“合作”，其構詞法是co-（共同）+operation（操作）；consultation

意為“詢問，磋商“，con-（共同的，相同的），consult為動詞形式。

4.[A]（in）return（for）作為對.的報答，交換

[B]（in）reply（to）作為對……的答復

[C]（in）reference（to）關于

[D]（in）response（to）作為對...的反應/答復

[答案]D

[解析]本題考核的學問點是：固定搭配。

本題要求考生推斷選項中哪個能與in...to構成短語并符合文意。首先解除return,因為

它只與介詞for搭配，構成短語inreturnfor；其次，空格所在長句意為“（強調社會角色的）

理論認為,孩子們犯罪是他們自己沒有成功地超越現有的社會經濟地位的4”,依據句意，

可先解除C選項inreferenceto,因為它表示“關于，就而言“，填入空格后明顯語

義明顯不通；最終對inreplyto和inresponseto進行比較，這兩個短語區(qū)分的關鍵在其中心

名詞reply和response。reply指"回答,答復“，如：inreplytotheletters（回信），而response

多表示一種自發(fā)的反應。這個題目的正確選項應是inresponseto,因為“孩子們犯罪是對自

己沒有成功地超越現有的社會經濟地位的一種自發(fā)的、本能的反應行為”。

學問點補充：留意區(qū)分reply,response和answer都有“回答”的含義。

Answer（n.v.）在這三個詞中運用范圍最廣，既可以表示用語言來回答，也可表示用行動來

回答。如：answerthetelephone（接電話）；answerthedoorbell（去開門）。例句:Inanswertothese

questionsIjustnodded.（在回答這些問題的過程中，我只是點點頭。）

response（動詞為respond）多表示一■種自發(fā)的反應。例句:Inresponsetoyourinquiries,we

regrettoinformyouthatwecannothelpyouinthismatter.（對于您的疑問，我們很缺憾地通

知您我們對此愛莫能助。）

reply（n.v.）和answer常常可以相互替換，也可以表示“以行動回答”，但有時與answer

明顯不同：如：answeraletter只表示“寫回信”，但對來信提出的問題并不確定都作了答復，

而replyaletter則表示回答了來信提出的一切細微環(huán)節(jié)。inreplyto表示“回答，回復”。例句:

Theywouldbeabletousesimilarmethodsinreplytooursignals.（他們會有實力運用類似的方

法來回答我們的信號。）

5.[A]or或者，表并列[B]butrather（非固定搭配）

[C]but而是，表轉折[D]orelse否則，要不然

[答案]A

[解析]本題考核的學問點是：邏輯關系。

本題要求考生推斷空格前后兩個部分之間的邏輯關系。從結構上看，inresponsetotheir

failure和asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues都是commitcrimes的狀語