第12講 閱讀還原-2024年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)寒假提升學(xué)與練（原卷版）

第12講閱讀還原目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉題型，心中有數(shù)技巧精講：典型例題，掌握技巧小試牛刀：考點(diǎn)剖析，過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)培優(yōu)精練：好題新題，培優(yōu)提升題型分析題量：5道題，每道題目1至2分，共計(jì)5至10分。題型：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從5至7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中(例如：江西省七選五；河南省、福建等省五選五），選出5項(xiàng)填入文中相應(yīng)的空白處，使補(bǔ)全后的文章意思通順，前后連貫。話題：題材廣泛，包括服飾、日常生活、娛樂(lè)與媒體、飲食、醫(yī)療健康與運(yùn)動(dòng)、愛(ài)好、住房與家庭等?？键c(diǎn)：主要考查考生對(duì)文章架構(gòu)、整體內(nèi)容和篇章銜接知識(shí)的運(yùn)用。解題步驟第一步：速讀全文，理解文章大意和結(jié)構(gòu)。閱讀過(guò)程中要注意文章的開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾。首段對(duì)快速把握文章主題具有重要意義，作者往往會(huì)在開(kāi)篇提出話題，點(diǎn)明文章主要探討的內(nèi)容。如果首段沒(méi)有提到文章主題，則應(yīng)快速瀏覽各段首句和結(jié)尾句，從而把握文章主要內(nèi)容。第二步：細(xì)讀文章,尋找解題線索。瀏覽全文，明確文章主題后,應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀全文，標(biāo)記出空格前后句子中的解題線索，如語(yǔ)意邏輯線索、核心詞匯線索、代詞線索等，再?gòu)膫溥x項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)聯(lián)的線索。對(duì)于一時(shí)拿不準(zhǔn)的空格，可暫時(shí)擱置一邊，繼續(xù)往下讀，讀完整篇文章,清楚文章的主旨、段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系之后，再回過(guò)頭做剩下的題目。第三步：代入選項(xiàng)，檢查上下文語(yǔ)意是否合乎邏輯。完成選項(xiàng)后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查上下句語(yǔ)意是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否合乎邏輯。最后，還應(yīng)注意分析排除的干擾項(xiàng)，確保排除的選項(xiàng)與文章主題和空格前后語(yǔ)句沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)。答題技巧第一點(diǎn)：答題前應(yīng)先速讀全文，理解文章主旨和文章框架。切忌邊看文章邊作答。第二點(diǎn)：作答時(shí)應(yīng)先細(xì)讀每個(gè)選項(xiàng)，注意填的選項(xiàng)與上下文語(yǔ)意是否銜接、邏輯是否連貫。第三點(diǎn)：每選擇一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，都要確保其他選項(xiàng)均不能填入該空格處。第四點(diǎn)：作答完成后，還應(yīng)再次通讀全文，檢查所填的選項(xiàng)是否正確。解題策略根據(jù)空格位置解題當(dāng)空格設(shè)在段首時(shí)，空格處可能是段落主題句。此時(shí)，考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀段落內(nèi)容，選擇與段落大意一致的選項(xiàng)。此外，空格處還可能是過(guò)渡句，起承上啟下的作用。這種情況下，考生需要瞻前顧后，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分及空格后面內(nèi)容，尋找能將前后內(nèi)容銜接起來(lái)的過(guò)渡句。當(dāng)空格設(shè)在段中時(shí)，空格處多填過(guò)渡性句子或細(xì)節(jié)句。這種情況下，空格處往往與上下文存在某種語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。這時(shí)應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀前后句子，根據(jù)文中關(guān)鍵詞，在備選項(xiàng)中尋找語(yǔ)意、邏輯與之關(guān)聯(lián)的選項(xiàng)。(3)當(dāng)空格設(shè)在段尾時(shí)，空格處通常是概括性的結(jié)論，這時(shí)應(yīng)注意查找包含結(jié)論、總結(jié)的選項(xiàng)，如therefore、asaresult、so等表達(dá)。根據(jù)邏輯線索解題語(yǔ)篇是連貫的，換言之，語(yǔ)篇之所以不是一堆散亂的語(yǔ)言片段，是因?yàn)榻M成語(yǔ)篇的各部分(段落、句子、短語(yǔ)等)之間具有一定的邏輯語(yǔ)意關(guān)系。語(yǔ)篇中的各種邏輯關(guān)系通過(guò)一些標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)，牢牢抓住這些邏輯關(guān)系詞，問(wèn)題往往可迎刃而解。以下是一些表示邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞：表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系：but、yet、however、although、instead、though、while、whereas、despite等。表示并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and、or、also、besides、even、similarly、inthesameway、meanwhile、furthermore、moreover等。表示因果關(guān)系：therefore、thus、asaresult、forthisreason、ofcourse等。表示解析、舉例關(guān)系：forexample、forinstance、thatistosay、inotherwords、thatmeans等。巧用代詞線索解題代詞用于指代上文提及的人、事物或整句話?？崭袂昂蟆⑦x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)查找到具體代指的內(nèi)容，代入選項(xiàng)后檢查前后語(yǔ)意是否連貫、合乎邏輯。巧用代詞線索，不僅有助于提高解題速度，而且有助于提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率。命題點(diǎn)分類命題點(diǎn)1

根據(jù)承上啟下關(guān)系推斷[例1]Supposeyou’reinLondonandtryingtofindthebustotakeyoutoHydePark.Thisshouldbeeasy.Butifyoucan’tspeakthelanguage,itcanbeaproblem.Whatwillyoudo?

Knowtheplaceyouwanttogo.Youcanalwaystellothersthenameoftheplacewhereyouwanttogo…Whateveritis,ifyoudoalittlehomeworktorememberitsname,youcanaskthewaymuchmoreeasily.A.Hereissomeadviceonhowtoaskthewayinaforeigncountry.B.Takeamaporapicture.[例2]Whatishealth?“Health”meanseatingwell,gettingenoughexercise,andhavingahealthyweight.Let’sreadthefollowingrules.

1.Eatdifferentkindsoffoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables.

Weallknowthateatingfruitandvegetablescanhelpusstayhealthy,…Rememberthatwecanonlygetthenutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))weneedbyeatingdifferentkindsoffoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables.A.Theyincludealotofsugar.B.Theycanhelpyoukeephealthy.[例3]You’vebeenlearningwordssinceyouwereatinybaby.Atfirst,youlearnedthemonlybyhearingotherpeopletalk.Nowthatyou’reareader,youhaveanotherwaytolearnwords.Whatshouldyoudowhenyoucometoawordandyouthinkyoudon’tknowwhatitmeans?

SayitFirst,sounditout.Thensayittoyourself.…Sometimesyouknowawordinyourheadbutyoudon’tknowwhatitlookslikeinprint.Soifyoumatchupwhatyouknowandwhatyouread─youhavetheword!A.Youcanfindthewordinadictionary.B.Followingsomeeasystepscanhelpyou.命題點(diǎn)2根據(jù)并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系推斷[例]Volunteeringallowsvolunteerstomeetnewpeople,tryoutnewskillsandexplorecareerchoices.

TakeAndrewMakhoul,astudentattheUniversityofPennsylvania,asanexample.Andrewdidn’tspendhislastspringbreakrelaxing.Instead,the19-year-oldboydecidedtodosomethingforpeoplewhowerelessluckythanhimself.Hetravelledtoanorphanage(孤兒院)inGuatemalainCentralAmerican…Anditdependsonvolunteerstostayopen.A.Itisachanceforpoorchildrentogetbettercareandsupport.B.Foryoungadults,valuablelessonsmayalsobelearnedthroughvolunteering.命題點(diǎn)3根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推斷[例1]Youmayhavealreadyforgottenthedayswhenyouhadtolearnhowtousechopsticks.EveryChinesekidstruggleswiththemforsometime.

Theycomewiththeirownspecialrulesandtraditions.A.HowChinesekidslearntousechopsticks?B.Butchopsticksarenotjustsimpletoolstopickupfood.[例2]Whenyouareateenager,itseemsthateverytimeyousay,“Iwantto…”,yourparentsanswer,“No,youcan’t.”Teenagersoftenthinktheyshouldbeallowedtomaketheirowndecisions,

.LiHai,a15-year-oldboyfromHuarong,isamiddleschoolstudent.Heisoftenlateforschoolbecausehestaysuptoolate…Unlesshearrivesatschoolontime,hewillbepunishedbyhisteacher.A.hewillarguewithhisfatherormotherB.buttheirparentsmayworryaboutchildren’sdevelopment命題點(diǎn)4同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)[例1]LiEnhuisaidinaninterview,“Aslongaswearealive,therearenoproblemsthatcannotbesolved,andmanypeopledon’thavemyexperiences.

Suchanideamakesmanyadultsfeelembarrassed.A.“Poorstudents”areusuallyhard-workingandcaring.B.Andtheseexperiencesmakemegrowandbecomebetter.[例2]Stayclean.

Noonelikesabadsmellthatcouldknocksomeoneover.Showereveryday,brushyourteethandwashyourhair.

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Berespectfulofpeople’sdifferences.

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Andeveryonebelievesindifferentthings.Itisagoodthingtohavedifferentfriendswithdifferentopinionsbecauseyoucaneachshareyourown.A.Startinganewlifemightmakeyouexcited.B.Everyonehashisorherownopinionoftheworld.C.Youaresupposedtomakeyourselflookcleanandtidy,whateveryouwear.[例3]Themostimportantwaytomanageyourtimeistosetpriorities(優(yōu)先權(quán)).

Also,considerwhetherornottheyareurgent—iftheyneedtobedonerightaway.Itcanbeeasytoforgetimportanttasksthataren’turgent,somaketimeforthem.A.ThatwayIcanmakesureIdon’tforgetanything.B.Figureoutwhichofyourtaskisthemostimportant.[例4]◆Createacomfortablereadingspace.Chooseaspecialplacewithrightfurnishings(裝飾)，blanketsandpillowsforyourchildrenandputabookcaseofyourchildren’sbooks.

1

Ifyourchildrenfeelliketheyhavegottheirownspecialplaceforreading,theywillprobablyspendtimeintheirlittlespacewithalltheirnewfavoritebooks.◆

2

Ifyouwantyourchildrentolearntolovereading,setasideafewminuteseverydaytoreadtogether,nomatterhowbusyyouare.A.Setasidetimetoreadtogether.B.Readingtogetheristheperfectwaytorelaxbeforebedtime.C.Thisspecialplacemaypushyourchildrentostarttolovereading.命題點(diǎn)5根據(jù)同疇詞推斷Asoneoftheworldtopuniversities,Stanfordhasmanysubjectsthatstandamongthetoponesintheworld.

1

Ifyouwanttostudycomputerinauniversityabroad,maybeitisyourbestchoice.A.ThetallestbuildinginStanfordisHooverTower.B.Andcomputersciencehasbeenthefirstformanyyears.（一）Doyouthinkthatyouarenotoutgoingenough?Areyoutooshytomakefriends?1Theywillhelpyou.Feelcomfortable.Alwaysbeclean.Takeashower,brushyourteeth,andtrytolooknice.Dressincleanclothes.2Thenyourfriendswilllikeyouverymuch.3Trytosmilemoreoftenatpeople.Itwillmakethemthinkthatyouarefriendly.Thenpeoplewanttotalktoyoumoreeveniftheydon’tknowyou.Justtalk.Somepeopleworryabouttalkingbecausetheythink,“WhatamIgoingtotalkaboutwiththatperson?”4Theyjustgouptopeopleandsaywhattheythink.Listentopeople.Youcan’tjusttalkallthetime.Youhavetolistentoothersandgiveyourideas.Letthemknowyoucareaboutthem.Readthenews.5SurftheInternetfornewsandinformation,andtalkaboutthemwhenyouarewithyourfriends.A．Theymustmakeyoufeelgoodandcomfortable.B．Don’tjuststayathomeanddonothing.C．Listentoyourfriendswhentheyaretalking.D．Outgoingpeopledon’teventhinkaboutit.E．Readthefollowingrules.F．Smilemoreoften.（二）I’mCarol.Beckyismybestfriend.Sheistallandthinwithlongcurlyhair.6Oneday,Iwaseatinglunchinthedininghall.Iwasnotcarefulandknockedover(打翻)mysoup.Igotmyclotheswet.OtherstudentslaughedatmebutBeckydidn’t.Whatdidshedo?Shehelpedmemakemyclothesclean.Itreallytouchedmyheart.7IlikeBecky,thoughwearedifferentinsomeways.Sheisveryfunny,butI’malittleshy.Sheworksharderthanme,soshealwaysgetsgoodpoints.Bettylikeswritinganddancing,butIlikeplayingthepiano.Bothofuslikesports.Beckyplaystennisverywell,andshealwayswinstennisgames.Iamgoodatbadminton.Beckyhasalargefamily.Ihaveasmallone.Shehastwodogs.Idon’tlikedogs.Becky’sfamilyispoor.8IonlyspeakEnglish.BeckycanspeakEnglishandChinese.9EverySaturday,IgotoBecky’shouse,orshecomestomyhouse.Becky’smotherandmymotherdon’thavemuchincommon.However,theydon’tminddrivingustoeachother’shomesothatwecanplaytogether.Beckyshareseverythingwithme.10根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下列選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A．Thenwebecamegoodfriends.B．Myparentshavealotofmoney.C．Ihavemanygoodfriendsatschool.D．Ifirstmetherintheschooldininghall.E．HowluckyIamtohaveafriendlikeher.F．Beckylivesinanothertownnotfarfrommine.（三）Igrewupinthecountryside.Ilearnedtocookattheageofabout10.Myfirsttimetocookwasmakingdough（面團(tuán)）.Ithoughtitwouldbeeasy—justmixwaterwithflour.Butitturnedtobedifferent.FirstImadethedoughtoosoft.11ButasIkepttrying,Ilearnedhowtomakeitmoresuccessfully.Later,Icookeddishesandthingslikedumplings.Ifellinlovewithcooking.It’sagoodwaytorelax.Nowworkingathome,Icookeverymealinsteadoforderingdelivery（外賣）.12Besidescooking,Ididalotoffarmworkinmychildhood.13Itwashardwork,butIlearnedalot.14Buttheycan’tbringyouthejoyoflearningknowledgedirectly.Theybringanewwaytolookattheworld.You’llthinkeverythingonyourplateisimportant.I’mhappytoknowthatthereislaboreducation（勞動(dòng)教育）inprimaryandmiddleschoolsinChina.Studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshaveatleastoneclasseveryweektolearnsimplehouseholdskillslikecookingandcleaning.15Andyouwillbethankfulfortheseskillsinthefuture.A．ThenImadeittoohard.B．Iamtoobusytocookmeals.C．Iknowhowtoplantvegetables.D．Itsavesmoneyandisgoodformyhealth.E．Theseskillswillhelpyoufortherestofyourlife.F．Someonemightsaywecanlearnthesefrombooks.（一）WhatisChineseNewYear?ChineseNewYeariscelebratedeveryyearbyChinesepeople.ItisthelongestandthemostimportantholidayforalotofAsiancountriessuchasChina,Singapore,andMalaysia.1ManypeoplevisittheirlocalChinatown(唐人街)tojoinintheactivitiesforit.ChineseNewYeardoesn’thappenonthesamedayeachyear,anditisnotonwhatyoumightknowasNewYear’sDay(January1).ItusuallyfallssomewherebetweenJanuary21standFebruary19.2Whatarethecelebrations?TherearemanytraditionsforaChineseNewYear.Oneofthemisredenvelopes.3InChineseculture,itmeansgoodluckandhappiness.Peoplegiveeachothermoneyinsmallandredenvelopes.Itisusuallyolderpeoplewhogivethemtotheyoung.Lionanddragondancesareverytraditional,too.Theperformersareusuallyunderthelionanddragoncostumes.Theydancewithloudmusictochase(驅(qū)趕)awaybadluck.4Foodisveryimportantatthistimeoftheyear.Chickenandprawnsrepresent(代表)happiness.5Peoplealsoeatdumplingsforgoodluck.LikeChristmas,friendsandfamilyallgettogethertoeatandenjoythehappytimewitheachother.A．Itwillbetheyearoftherabbit.B．Thedancesareveryfuntowatch.C．Noodlesareasymboloflonglife.D．ThecolorredisveryluckytotheChinese.E．In2024,ChineseNewYearfallsonFebruary10th.F．Thefestivalisalsopopularallovertheworld.（二）TheLabaFestivalisonthe8thdayofthe12thlunarmonth.6ThistraditioncouldgobacktotheSongDynasty(960—1279).Fromtheimperialcourt(宮廷)toeveryfamily,cookingLabaRicePorridge(粥)wasaseasonalmust.Theynotonlycookedthedishfortheirownfamilymembers,butalsosentittoothersasagift.7SoLabaRicePorridgewasalsocalled“LongevityBlessingPorridge”(壽福粥)and“VirtueBlessingPorridge”(德福粥).Now,everyfamilywouldstillcookLabaRicePorridgeonthisday.Theyusuallymakeitwithdifferentkindsofrice,beans(豆類),nuts(堅(jiān)果)anddriedfruits.Doyouknowhowtomakeit?8First,washthericeandbeansinwater.Next,putthemintoapot.9Then,cookitforoneandahalfhoursoverlowheat.10Finally,Turnofftheheatafteranother30minutes.Now,it’stimetoenjoythedeliciousLabaRicePorridge.A．Poursomewaterintoit.B．HereisonewaytomakeLabaRicePorridge.C．Theythoughtthiswouldmakethemluckyandhavealonglife.D．Thenallfamilymemberswouldgettogethertohavetheporridge.E．Afterthat,washthenutsanddriedfruit,andputthemintothepot.F．PeopleusuallycookandhaveLabaRicePorridgeonthisdaytocelebratethisfestival.（三）YesterdaywasThursday.ItwasLisa’sbirthday.SheinvitedherfriendsJetandSelenatoherbirthdayparty.Jethasscar.11Itwasraining.SelenawaitedforJetinfrontofthehouse.Atthattime,Jetgaveheracall.12ThenSelenadecidedtogotoLisa’shousebytaxi.Buttherewasnotaxionthestreet.Latershewalkedtothebusstation.Itstartedtorainhardandshefeltalittlecold.Abuspassed

(經(jīng)過(guò))justoneminuteago.13Shefeltcoldandtired.Shefellasleep

(入睡)aftershegotonthebussoshedidn’tgetoffattherightstop.SelenagotoffatthenextstopandwalkedtoLisa’shouse.14Lisatoldherhowtogothere.Atlast,shearrivedatLisa’shouse.15Thepartywasover.Herfriendsallwentbackhome.A．Shehadtowaitatthebusstation.B．Butshedidn’tfindthewaytoLisa’s