第10講 完形填空-2024年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)寒假提升學(xué)與練（原卷版）

第10講完形填空目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉題型，心中有數(shù)技巧精講：典型例題，掌握技巧小試牛刀：考點(diǎn)剖析，過關(guān)檢測(cè)培優(yōu)精練：好題新題，培優(yōu)提升一、完形填空的理論基礎(chǔ)及試題說明“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型，它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞匯搭配、近義詞辨析、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。二、命題特點(diǎn)及選材特點(diǎn)完形填空是一種要求高、綜合性強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言測(cè)試題，以閱讀為形式，以上下文為線索，以理解能力、詞匯知識(shí)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、習(xí)慣用法以及分析判斷能力為解題基礎(chǔ)，是一種較高層次的閱讀理解題。所選題材多樣，但都貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；體裁多以記敘文為主，也有說明文、議論文等。三、考點(diǎn)分析完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：1）語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞：連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。（語(yǔ)法型）2）具有語(yǔ)法變化的詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣；名詞的數(shù)；代詞的格；形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)等。（語(yǔ)法型）3）固定搭配短語(yǔ)和詞組中的特定詞。（習(xí)慣搭配型）4）同義詞和近義詞等易混詞。（詞義型）5）根據(jù)上下文的意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。（文意型）6）根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及一般邏輯需要填入的詞。（生活常識(shí)型）完形填空解題技巧一、前后照應(yīng)利用上下文信息，選擇或填寫正確的詞是完形填空解題時(shí)最常用的方法之一。在做四選一的完形填空題時(shí)，我們有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法角度來講都可以說得通，遇到這種情況，我們應(yīng)細(xì)讀上下文，正確答案會(huì)在上下文中得到提示。試看以下例題：[例1]WhatdoIrememberaboutmychildhood?Thereweregoodthingsandbadthings.Weusedtolive______,andmyparentsalwaysgotupearlyinthemorningtofeedthecowsandsheep.A.inatownB.onafarmC.onabusystreetD.inacity【解析】B本段主要講作者回憶兒童時(shí)代所居住的地點(diǎn)。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來看都是可能的，語(yǔ)法上都說得通。但通過下文myparentsalwaysgotupearlyinthemorningtofeedthecowsandsheep提示我們可以知道作者生活在農(nóng)場(chǎng)，正確答案選B。[例2]Ialwaysrememberwakinguptothesmellofthebreakfastmymotherwascooking.Whatawonderfulsmell!Iusedto_______,washquicklyandrundownstairs.Mybreakfastwouldbewaitingformeonthetable.A.leavethebedB.lieinbedC.jumpoutofbedD.getup【解析】C本段講每天早上媽媽做的早餐發(fā)出誘人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根據(jù)題干，A、C、D均和床有關(guān)聯(lián)，但是按上下文情景的提示，此處還要表達(dá)作者的一種迫不及待的心情。因此選C。二、情感態(tài)度較難題，其中形容詞，副詞可分為三種情感：(1)正情感：happyamazing等(2)零情感：fastslowsurprising等(3)負(fù)情感：sadfailure等[例1]Laterthatday,IhappenedtopassJeffinthediningroom.Iofferedhima________“congratulations”andwalkedtomyusualtable.Tomysurprise,Jeffputhisplatebesidemine.A.polite B.loud C.warm D.cheerful【解析】A形容詞感情色彩+聯(lián)系上下文。由usual可判斷出作者的感情色彩是平淡的，故排除B.loud和D.cheerful選項(xiàng)，由第二個(gè)形容詞surprise來判斷，作者與Jeff的關(guān)系不是非常親密，所以排除C。[例2]Amongthem,aweakboywithuglyteethandthickglasseskeptshaking.Ihadseenhimaround,andIknewhewasalwayslaughedat.Heseemedunsureofhimself,andwassopalethatit__38__ustolookathim.38.A.worried B.surprised C.taught D.hurt【解析】D由上文的描述可知，他的臉色是如此蒼白，以至于看著他會(huì)讓人難受。故選擇形容詞hurt。三、牢記短語(yǔ)[例1]Onthetrain,Tomwaslooking__lforhisticketbecausetheconductorwascoming__2tohisticket.1.A.outB.forwardC.anywhereD.everywhere2.A.downB.upC.inD.on【解析】第一空格指Tom在火車上到處找車票，因此選D。everywhere為最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑問句中。第二空格意為列車員上前查票，走到某人面前comeuptosb.為固定詞組搭配，因此選B。[例2]WheneverI’m__47__,Istilllookbackatthatyearbook.47.A.awayB.outC.behindD.down【解析】本文講述了一位叫Ricky的學(xué)生的前后變化：從經(jīng)常被大家嘲笑，沒有自信到充滿自信并被大家喜歡。此題為本文最后一題，想表明每當(dāng)我遇到挫折時(shí)，總會(huì)想起那天的事情。bedown固定搭配，表示情緒低落的。[例3]Mynextstepwastowhichnewactivitiesstudentswouldliketohaveatourschool.Manyofthemwantedachessclubandavolleyballteam.43.A.carryoutB.tryoutC.workoutD.findout【解析】固定搭配和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析：carryout實(shí)施，tryout嘗試，workout解決，findout找出事實(shí)，真相，結(jié)合下文的wantedachessclubandavolleyballteam得出答案為D。四、斟酌詞義在選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置四個(gè)詞性一致、意義相近的詞是完形填空命題時(shí)常用的手段之一。在做此類題目時(shí)，必須要在特定的語(yǔ)境中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)，或者也可以推敲一些固定的詞組搭配來進(jìn)行選擇。[例1]AJapanesemanageroncesaidhehimselfandhisworkerswouldallstandwhiletheywerehavingmeetings.Doyou_________whathemeans?thinkB.guessC.knowD.understand【解析】C本段講述了一個(gè)日本經(jīng)理和他的員工在開會(huì)時(shí)將都站著。本題問的是你知道他說話的含義嗎。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看，A和B放入句中意思不通，而C和D兩個(gè)答案很接近。D選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)理解他的意思，從上文句子看當(dāng)然很好理解這句話講述了什么事。但是其中的含義就不知道了。因此選項(xiàng)C才是最合適的。[例2]“Well,ifyouchangeyourmind,wearemeetingtomorrow,”hesaidbeforemovingtoanothertable.Allthatnight,Ithoughtaboutthe39fromJeff.A.adviceB.chanceC.messageD.offer【解析】Dadvice指的是忠告，多指醫(yī)生對(duì)病人，長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩；message多指口信，轉(zhuǎn)述客觀事實(shí)不帶有主觀色彩；chance最大的干擾選項(xiàng)因?yàn)橄挛某霈F(xiàn)了chance，但是chance表示的一種可能性，offer作為名詞表示提議，聯(lián)系上文可知D項(xiàng)為最佳答案。五、中心主旨：文章中最后一句通常為積極的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。[例1]IhadwantedtobecomepresidentofStudentCounciltomakeadifference.IachievedthatandmorebyworkingasamemberofJeff’steam.HebecamethemostpopularcandidateandIwasalargepartofhis______.Thefactthatithasmadeadifferenceinotherpeople’slivesistherealprize.Whatagreatfeeling!A.luckB.spiritC.lifeD.success【解析】D本文講到在參加學(xué)生會(huì)主席競(jìng)選初選落選后，“我”受邀參加了曾經(jīng)是對(duì)手的Jeff的競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)，并在其中發(fā)揮了很大的作用，幫助Jeff競(jìng)選成功，也得到了啟發(fā)：不管是在什么位置上，只要自己發(fā)揮了作用，這就是真正的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，并會(huì)給自己帶來美好的感受。本題說我也是他成功中的一部分，所以選擇success。[例2]Ihonormyaunt,whotaughtmethethingsmy____couldn’t.SoeveryJuneforthepast40years,ingrowingthankfulnesstomyAuntMarion,I’vesentheraFather’sDaycard.A.TeachersB.motherC.fatherD.friends【解析】本文講述，“我”出生沒多久父親就去世了，是姨媽Mrion一直充當(dāng)著父親的角色，帶“我”成長(zhǎng)，所以在過去的40年里，“我”每年的6月都要送父親節(jié)賀卡給她，以表達(dá)“我”不斷加深的感激之情。故本題選C。六、簡(jiǎn)單邏輯分為因果，并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，否定。[例1]Formorethansixtyyears,AuntMariondidn’tandstilldon’tthinkofherself.___sheisforcedtocomeuptothefront,myauntwillstandinthebackinfamilyphotos,andshedoesn’tthinkthathereffortshavemademuch…A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.SinceD.Before【解析】A句意：如果不強(qiáng)迫她來到前面，在照全家福時(shí)她會(huì)站在后面。unless除非，如果不。although雖然，盡管。since自從，既然；before在……之前。[例2]Noonecouldwalkthroughanyhallway42passingJeff’ssmilingface.A.forB.fromC.withD.without【解析】D經(jīng)過走廊的人都能看到Jeff的笑臉。without否定介詞與前面的no相呼應(yīng)，雙重否定表肯定。七、情景還原[例1]Themostamazingthingwasthatshetaughtmetoreadmy_______.IrememberthatIspenthoursinfrontofthemirrorandtriedtorepeateverywordthatIsaid.A.eyeB.faceC.heartD.mouth【解析】D情景還原由后文的Ispenthoursinfrontofthemirrorandtriedtorepeatevery'wordthatIsaid.可知，一定是用嘴mouth去said。故選擇D。[例2]AndthenIsawwhatseemedtobetheprodigy(奇才)sideofme______becauseIhaveneverseenthatfacebefore.Ilookedatmyselfinthemirror,blinking(眨眼)soIcouldseemore.A.easilyB.quicklyC.clearlyD.differently【解析】C情景還原前文提到Ilookedatmyselfinthemirror,blinking(眨眼)soIcouldseemore.做的這一系列的動(dòng)作是想看清自己，選擇clearly,清晰地。Everyonecangetaninvitationtoaparty.However,theymaynotwanttoattend(出席)itfordifferent1.Infact,wecanrefuseitinarightway.Hereis2foryou.Youshouldreply3theinvitationsoon.Ifyoucan’tattend,youshouldletyourfriendsknowthatatonce.Ifyougetawritteninvitation,you’dbetteransweritinaweek.Ifyouarenotsure,callthemtoexplain(解釋)yourproblem4.Whenyoudecidenot5it,youshouldthankyourfriendsfor6youfirst.Thensayyouwillnotbeabletomakeitandwishthemgoodluckwiththeirevents.Sendacardtoyourfriend7youcan’tattendtheevent.Aftertheevent,youshouldcallyourfriendandaskhowitwent.Thiswillmake8friendknowyoustillcareabouthim.Ifit’s9importantpartyforyouandyourfriend,youcanpromisetohaveanotherparty10youarebothavailable.Anditcanbejustthetwoofyou.1．A．reason B．reasons C．examples D．example2．A．somethinguseful B．usefulsomething C．a(chǎn)nythinguseful D．usefulanything3．A．for B．from C．of D．to4．A．careful B．carefully C．finally D．final5．A．a(chǎn)ccept B．a(chǎn)ccepting C．toaccept D．toaccepting6．A．pick B．picking C．invite D．inviting7．A．a(chǎn)lthough B．because C．a(chǎn)nd D．so8．A．yours B．your C．yourself D．you9．A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the10．A．what B．where C．why D．when（一）（2022·廣西河池·八年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期末）Billismybestfriend.Hismotheralwaysdoes1reallycool.Yesterday,Billbroughtagreencaketoschool.Itlookedbeautifulandspecial.Atlunch,he2thecakewithus.Wealllikedthecake.Andwewonderedwhyand3hismothermadegreencakes.Billsaidthestorywentbacktoafewweeksago.Thecitystartedanew4weshouldseparate(分開)foodgarbage(垃圾)fromtheothergarbage.Bill’sfatherliked5andheatealotoftheminsummer.Bill’smotheralwayssawaheavygarbagebagfullofwatermelonrind(皮).Shethought,“Ishouldfinda6waytousewatermelonrind.”7thinkinghard,shehadthatgoodidea—makingacakewithit.Shefirst8thewatermelonrind.Then,sheputitinablenderandsoonshegot9juice.Shemixedthejuicewithflour(面粉).10shemadeadeliciousgreencake.

1．A．nothing B．a(chǎn)nything C．something D．everything2．A．shared B．chose C．covered D．prepared3．A．when B．how C．which D．where4．A．film B．example C．subject D．a(chǎn)ctivity5．A．grapes B．watermelons C．vegetables D．strawberries6．A．well B．fresh C．better D．fresher7．A．After B．Before C．Until D．Unless8．A．putup B．setup C．cutup D．makeup9．A．green B．orange C．yellow D．red10．A．Second B．Next C．Then D．Finally（二）（2022·廣西貴港·八年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期末）TimefliessofastandChineseNewYeariscoming.Itistime11metowritedownmyNewYear’sresolutions.

Thefirstresolutionisaboutimprovingmy12withmyfamily.I’mgoingtospendmoretime13tomyparents.AndI’mgoingtoplaywithmyyoungerbrotherandteach14howtosolveproblemsinhislife.

Mysecondresolutionhastodowithmy15.Lastterm,IdidwellinallmysubjectsexceptEnglish.Sonextyear,I’mgoingtospendmuchtimeimprovingmyEnglish.IhopeIcangetgood16inEnglishnextterm.

My17resolutionisaboutimprovingmyhealth.Ihardlyeverdidexercisebefore,18Iwasbusywithmyschoolwork.Nextyear,I’mgoingtodoexerciseoften.19,I’mgoingtoplayballgamesafterschool.

Thelastresolutionisaboutpersonalimprovement.I’mgoingto20anewhobby—readingbooks.Iwillreadmorebooksaboutcomputerandhistory.Ithinkitwillbeuseful.11．A．with B．for C．to12．A．information B．education C．relationships13．A．listening B．talking C．breaking14．A．him B．her C．you15．A．friends B．classmates C．studies16．A．programs B．prizes C．grades17．A．second B．third C．fourth18．A．because B．a(chǎn)fter C．so19．A．Allinall B．Forsure C．Forexample20．A．takeup B．dressup C．makeup（三）（2022·江西贛州·八年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期末）Ateacherwasgivingatalktohisstudentsonhowtodealwithstress.Heaskedthemaquestion,withaglassofwaterinhishand,“Doyouthinkhow21thisglassofwateris?”Thestudentsbegantothinkand22.Everyonehadhisownidea.Theiranswersare23from20gto500g.“Itdoesnotmatterontherealweight.Howheavyistheglassofwater?Itdependsonhow24Iholdit.IfIholditfora25,itisOK.IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmyarm.IfIholditforaday,Iwillhavetoseea26.Itisthesameweight,27thelongerIholdit,the28itbecomes.29