人體的菌群王利沙Humanmicrobiota講解

人體的菌群主講老師：王利沙HumanmicrobiotaWeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護理職業(yè)學院人體的菌群

一個健康成人所攜帶的細菌相當于人體細胞的10倍，而這些微生物在長期的進化過程中和人形成共生關(guān)系，許多微生物對人不僅無害，而且有益。Thebacteriacarriedbyahealthyadultareequivalentto10timesthesizeofhumancells,andthesemicroorganismshaveformedsymbioticrelationshipswithhumansoveralongperiodofevolution.Manymicroorganismsarenotonlyharmlesstohumans,butalsobeneficial.Humanmicrobiota

你擁有多少細菌，知道嗎？Doyouknowhowmanybacteriayouhave?正常菌群Normalmicrobiota

指人體的體表及與外界相通的腔道上有不同種類和數(shù)量的，在正常情況下對人體無害甚至有益的微生物群。Therearedifferenttypesandquantitiesofmicrobialcommunitiesonthesurfaceofthehumanbodyandthemucousmembranesoftheexternalcommunicationchannels,whichareharmlessorevenbeneficialtothehumanbodyundernormalcircumstances.概念

ConceptPositionMainmicroorganisms

SkinStaphylococcus,Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Propionibacterium,Candidaalbicans,andnonpathogenicMycobacteriumtuberculosis.OralcavityStaphylococcusepidermidis,StreptococcusAandC,Streptococcuspneumoniae,Neisseria,Lactobacillus,Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae,Candidaalbicans,Actinomyces,andBacteroidetesNasopharyngealcavityStaphylococcus,StreptococcusAandC,Streptococcuspneumoniae,Neisseria,Bacteroides,Clostridium,Adenovirus,Fungi,Mycoplasma.ExternalauditorycanalStaphylococcus,Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,andnonpathogenicMycobacteriumtuberculosis部位主要微生物

皮膚葡萄球菌、類白喉棒狀桿菌、銅綠假單胞菌、丙酸桿菌、白假絲酵母菌、非致病性結(jié)核分枝桿菌口腔表皮葡萄球菌、甲型和丙型鏈球菌、肺炎鏈球菌、奈瑟菌、乳桿菌、類白喉棒狀桿菌、白假絲酵母菌、放線菌、類桿菌鼻咽腔葡萄球菌、甲型和丙型鏈球菌、肺炎鏈球菌、奈瑟菌、類桿菌、梭桿菌、腺病毒、真菌、支原體外耳道葡萄球菌、類白喉棒狀桿菌、銅綠假單胞菌、非致病性結(jié)核分枝桿菌人體各部位常見的正常微生物群部位主要微生物

眼結(jié)膜葡萄球菌、結(jié)膜干燥桿菌、類白喉棒狀桿菌腸道大腸埃希菌、產(chǎn)氣腸桿菌、變形桿菌、銅綠假單胞菌、葡萄球菌、糞鏈球菌、類桿菌梭菌、破傷風梭菌、雙歧桿菌、乳桿菌、白假絲酵母菌前尿道葡萄球菌、棒狀桿菌、非致病性結(jié)核分枝桿菌、大腸埃希菌、白假絲酵母菌陰道乳桿菌、大腸埃希菌、類桿菌、白假絲酵母菌人體各部位常見的正常微生物群PositionMainmicroorganisms

ConjunctivaStaphylococcus,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,andCorynebacteriumdiphtheriae.IntestineEscherichiacoli,Clostridiumperfringens,Proteusmirabilis,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Staphylococcusaureus,Streptococcusfaecalis,Clostridiumdifficile,Clostridiumtetani,Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,andCandidaalbicans.AnteriorurethraStaphylococcus,Corynebacterium,NonpathogenicMycobacteriumtuberculosis,Escherichiacoli,CandidaalbicansVaginaLactobacillus,Escherichiacoli,Bacteroidetes,Candidaalbicans.人體密閉的環(huán)境正常條件下是無菌的，如胸腔、腹腔、血液等。細菌進入這些無菌的環(huán)境可以引起感染性疾病。Theenclosedenvironmentofthehumanbodyissterileundernormalconditions,suchasthechestcavity,abdominalcavity,blood,etc.Bacteriaenteringthesesterileenvironmentscancauseinfectiousdiseases.注意Note生理作用

Physiologicaleffects生物拮抗作用Biologicalantagonisticeffect通過競爭營養(yǎng)或產(chǎn)生細菌素等方式拮抗病原菌，

從而構(gòu)成一個防止外來細菌侵入與定居的生物屏障。Bycompetingfornutrientsorproducingbacteriocinstocounteractpathogenicbacteria,abiologicalbarrierisformedtopreventtheinvasionandsettlementofforeignbacteria.`1營養(yǎng)作用Nutritionalfunction參與機體的物質(zhì)代謝、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化及合成。Participateinthemetabolismofsubstances,conversionandsynthesisofnutrientsinthebody.免疫作用Immunefunction作為抗原既能促進機體免疫器官的發(fā)育；也可刺激機體免疫系統(tǒng)

的成熟與免疫應(yīng)答。Asanantigen,itcanpromotethedevelopmentofimmuneorgansinthebody;Itcanalsostimulatethematurationofthebody'simmunesystemandimmuneresponse.`1抗衰老作用Antiagingeffect雙歧桿菌、乳桿菌及腸球菌等Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Enterococcus,etc條件致病菌Conditionalpathogenicbacteria在正常情況下不致病，在特定條件下能引起疾病的細菌。Bacteriathatarenotpathogenicundernormalcircumstancesbutcancausediseasesunderspecificconditions.致病條件

Pathogenicconditions如大面積燒傷患者，慢性消耗性疾病以及使用大劑量的糖皮質(zhì)激素、抗腫瘤藥物等Suchaspatientswithextensiveburns,chronicwastingdiseases,andtheuseofhigh-dosecorticosteroids,anti-tumordrugs,etc

機體免疫功能低下Lowimmunefunctionofthebody如外傷或手術(shù)、留置導(dǎo)尿管等醫(yī)療措施的介入。Interventionofmedicalmeasuressuchastraumaorsurgery,indwellingcatheterization,etc.

細菌寄居部位變遷Changesinbacterialhostsites不適當?shù)目咕幬镏委?，使正常菌群的種類、數(shù)量和比例發(fā)生較大幅度的改變，導(dǎo)致微生態(tài)失去平衡。Inappropriateuseofantibioticscancausesignificantchangesinthetypes,quantities,andproportionsofnormalmicrobiota,leadingtoalossofmicrobialbalance.

菌群失調(diào)Dysbi