高考英語語法詞匯專項(xiàng)突破：12聚焦含有非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定句型

高考英語語法詞匯專項(xiàng)突破：聚焦含有非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定句型[非謂語動(dòng)詞固定句型考題展示]【考例1】（2023?全國乙卷）Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears28

(record)everythingIdiscovered.答案與解析：recording?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞句型sb.spend...（in）doingsth。句意：作為一名攝影師，我花了兩年時(shí)間記錄我發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切。spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語，用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填recording?！究祭?】（2021全國甲卷）Itispossible

133(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.答案與解析：故填towalk?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞句型It+be+adj+todosth.。固定句型It+be+adj+todosth.，it為形式主語，不定式短語作真正主語。故填towalk。句意：騎行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的?！究祭?】（2020·海南·高考真題）Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders171（begin）computerclasses.答案與解析：tobegin?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞句型It+be+adj+todosth.。本題考查“Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)it作形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。故填tobegin。句意：如今，10到12歲的孩子發(fā)布自己的網(wǎng)站，二年級和三年級學(xué)生開始上計(jì)算機(jī)課，這些都很常見。【考例4】（2019·江蘇）China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries__________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.答案與解析：recognizing。考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語動(dòng)詞，即with+賓語+非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：中國的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升，更多的國家認(rèn)識到中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用?！案嗟膰摇焙汀罢J(rèn)識”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。[解非謂語動(dòng)詞固定句型讀]非謂語動(dòng)詞中的動(dòng)名詞和不定式常常用在一些固定句型中，在語篇填空和短文改錯(cuò)題型中常常出現(xiàn)，如果能對其固定句型熟練掌握，那么這樣的考點(diǎn)就能迎刃而解。下面就對其進(jìn)行小結(jié)，以期對同學(xué)們有所幫助。一、havedifficulty/trouble/bother/ahardtime/aproblem(in)doingsth.做某事有困難；haveluck/fun/agoodtime(in)doingsth.做某事有運(yùn)氣/有樂趣/開心其中的difficulty/trouble/bother用作不可數(shù)名詞，ahardtime是根據(jù)短語haveagoodtime而來。動(dòng)名詞作介詞in的賓語，其中的介詞in可以省掉。如：It’sa

veryserious,strictschool,thoughveryfewpeopleknowaboutit---ordinarystudentshave

a

hard

time

(in)getting

in.很認(rèn)真嚴(yán)格的學(xué)校，雖然知道的人很少——普通學(xué)生不容易進(jìn)。Thewitnessappearedto

have

difficulty

(in)

rememberingwhathadhappened.證人在回憶發(fā)生的事情方面似乎有困難。Hetoldhisfatherhowmuch

fun

he

had

yellingatthevisitingbaseballteam.他告訴父親他朝著客隊(duì)亂叫，玩得不亦樂乎。注意：當(dāng)在“have+名詞+不定式（作定語）”結(jié)構(gòu)中，have是“有”的意思，不定式要帶to，如果不定式的動(dòng)作是句子的主語發(fā)出，則不定式要求用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這與其作為使役動(dòng)詞跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)不帶to不同。如：Ihavenothingtosay.我無話可說。Itseemsthatyou

have

something

to

be

keptfromme.你們似乎有事瞞著我。Itwasverykindofyou(Youwereverykind)to

have

us

stay.您這么親切地招待我們留下來,真是謝謝您。【典題】(改編自XXXX·北京卷）—Didyouhavedifficulty______(find)Ann'house?—Notreally.Shehadgivenuscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.答案與解析：finding。符合句型havedifficultydoingsth.句意：找到安妮家有困難嗎？二、Itisnouse/good/fun+doing，做某事沒用處/沒好處/沒有趣句型中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)名詞形式。如：It's

no

use

learningthetextbyheartwithoutunderstanding

it.背誦課文而不理解它是沒有用的。It

's

no

good/use

cryingoverspiltmilk.牛乳潑翻，哭之何益（覆水難收）。It

's

no

fun

stayingathomeandnevergoinganywhere.呆在家里，什么地方都不去是無聊的。Itisnogoodusedreamingofbeingasuccesswithoutpractice.只是空想當(dāng)一個(gè)成功者而無行動(dòng)是沒有用的?！镜漕}】It’snouse______(complain)withouttakingaction.答案與解析：complaining。符合句型it’snousedoing。句意：一味抱怨而不付諸于行動(dòng)是沒用的。三、sb.spend/wastetime/money(in)doingsth.某人花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事;sb.passtime(in)doingsth.某人消磨時(shí)間做某事句子的主語指人，動(dòng)名詞作介詞in的賓語，其中的介詞in可以省掉。如：She

spent

theafternoon(in)washingthewindowsandthefloors.她花了一下午的時(shí)間擦窗子拖地板。Though

he

hadmuchworktodo,

he

wasted

his

time

doingnothing.盡管他有很多工作要做，但他卻無所事事，浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。He

wasted

muchofhis

time

andmoneyplayingcards.打牌浪費(fèi)了他的大量時(shí)間和金錢。Orhepassedhistimeintrembling,chatteringhisteeth,sayingthathehadafever,andinquiringwhetheroneoftheeightandtwentybedsinthefeverwardwasvacant.要不，他就不停地發(fā)抖，磕牙，說他在發(fā)燒，并問那病房里那二十八張床可有一張空的。HemusthavethoughtJanewasworthitorhewouldn'thavewastedtimehelpingher,Isuppose.我想，他當(dāng)時(shí)肯定認(rèn)為簡值得他費(fèi)心思，否則他就不會浪費(fèi)時(shí)間幫她了?！镜漕}】—DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday?—AsIknow,hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashedoes_______(write).答案與解析：writing。比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中的does是代動(dòng)詞代指spends，根據(jù)前面的playing看出是hespendstime(in)writing。句意：---你知道保羅整天都在干什么嗎？---據(jù)我所知，他花在玩的時(shí)間上至少跟他寫作上的時(shí)間一樣多。【考例】（2017?全國III）Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term_____________(rest).答案與解析：resting。根據(jù)16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term看出是sb.spendsth.(in)doingsth.固定搭配，表示“某人花時(shí)間做某事”動(dòng)名詞做賓語。其中的介詞in后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，介詞in可以省掉。故填動(dòng)詞rest的動(dòng)名詞形式resting。四、Ittaketimetodosth.做某事需要花多少時(shí)間句型中的it是形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語。如：It

took

us

awholeweektogothroughoneofthegreatforests.我們花了整整一星期才穿過其中一個(gè)大森林。Hehasjustsetuphisownbusinessbutitwilltakehimawhiletogetestablished.他剛建立起自己的公司，但要站穩(wěn)腳跟還得花上一段時(shí)間。IthassetusbackinsomanyrespectsthatI'mnotsurehowlongitwilltakeforustocatchup.我們在很多方面都被延誤了，不知道需要多久才能趕上。BeginningwiththeParty'sfoundingin1921,

it

took

us

24yearstoachievethisgoal.我們從一九二一年建黨，經(jīng)過了二十四年，才成為一個(gè)成熟的黨?！镜漕}】Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness_____(make).答案與解析：tobemade。根據(jù)Ittookalongtime看出用不定式作真正的的主語，介詞for后的connection是賓語，between...and...短語作定語修飾connection，make與connection是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。句意：人們花了好長時(shí)間才弄清楚體溫跟疾病之間的關(guān)系?！究祭浚?019·全國III）Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake_________(get)there.答案與解析：toget。考查不定式特定句型。句中的would提示我們作者還沒有到達(dá)那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺謂語，此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，howlong是指時(shí)間的短語，根據(jù)ittake結(jié)合句子意思看出是句型ittaketimetodosth.表示做某事需要多少時(shí)間。故填動(dòng)詞不定式toget。五、stop/prevent/keep/ban/forbid/prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.阻止/禁止某人做某事;savesb.fromdoingsth.免去……做某事,拯救；protectsb.fromdoing保護(hù)……使不受……動(dòng)名詞作介詞from的賓語，其中在stop/prevent中介詞from可以省掉，但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不可以省掉。其他詞中的from一般不省略，keep中from如果省掉則意思會發(fā)生變化。如。Aseriousillnesshas

prevented

her

(from)

workingforayear.嚴(yán)重的疾病使得她有一年不能工作了。ShehatedtheYankeesbecausethey

kept

her

from

havingrealcoffeewithsugarandthickcreaminit.由于吃不到放糖和奶酪真正咖啡，她恨死了北方佬。He

was

foundtohavetakencocaine,andItalianauthorities

banned

him

from

playingforayear.他被發(fā)現(xiàn)吸食可卡因，意大利官方便讓他停賽一年。Shesavedalittlegirl(from)fallingintothewater.她救下一個(gè)就要落水的小女孩。Hekeptmefromworking.他不讓我工作。比較：Hekeptmeworking.他讓我一直工作。六、Thereisno+doing...不可能……相關(guān)句型有：Thereisnosaying/knowing…說不準(zhǔn)...；Thereisnodenyingthat...不可否認(rèn)的...。如：Thereisnoknowingwhenweshallmeetagain.不知道我們什么時(shí)候才能再相見。There

is

no

denying

thefactthatChinahasmaderapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.不容抵賴這個(gè)事實(shí)，中國自它成立以來已在各個(gè)方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展。Thereisnopointsayingyourunmarathons,ifyouaregoingtobeoutofbreatharrivingattheinterviewonthesecondfloor.如果你跑到二樓面試都喘不過氣來，那么你說你常跑馬拉松就毫無意義了。Thereisnosayingwhattimehewillcomehome.他什么時(shí)候回家可說不準(zhǔn)。七、Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.做某事沒有必要屬于therebe句型，不定式修飾need，有時(shí)為了明確對象不定式會帶上邏輯主語forsb.，即跟不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Thatwouldmakeacleanbreak.Ofcourse

there

was

no

need

tosayasmuch,butshewouldunderstand.從此一刀兩斷——這自然不便明說，她總會明白的。There

was

no

need

foryoutofightagainstyourownmen.你何必同室操戈。Eventually,Irealisedthattherewasnoneedformetohavemyheadunderwater.最終我總算意識自己沒必要將頭浸在水下。Thereisnoneedbeingangrywithothersaboutthemistakestheyunconsciouslymake.沒必要為別人無心犯下的錯(cuò)和他們生氣。Iknowthatthereisabsolutelynoneedtogiveoutdefinitionsofatruefriend.我認(rèn)識到?jīng)]有必要給真正的朋友下定義。Sometimesproblemscansortthemselvesout,sothereisnoneedtobetooworriedaboutthem.有時(shí)候問題會自行解決，所以不必太擔(dān)心。There

is

no

need

for

us

to

cater

to

the

expectations

of

our

parents,

instead,

we

should

ask

ourselves

what

we

want.我們沒必要迎合父母的期待，相反，我們應(yīng)該問一問自己我們想要的是什么。【典題】（改編自XXXX·安徽卷）Thereisnoneed_____(tell)meyouranswernow.Giveitsomethoughtandthenletmeknow.答案與解析：totell。符合句型thereisnoneedtodosth.，句意：現(xiàn)在沒必要告訴我答案，你再思考一下，之后告訴我。八、Thereis(no)+名詞+(in)+doing做某事(沒)有......相關(guān)句型：Thereissome/nodifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做某事(沒)有困難；Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.做某事沒有意義；Thereisnouse/good(in)doingsth.做某事沒有用。如：There

was

some

difficulty

(in)explainingthistotheSwede,butwhenatlastheunderstoodhebecameveryanxious.向這個(gè)瑞典人說明這件事很費(fèi)勁,最后他聽懂了,顯得很著急。There

is

no

point

(in)complaining.Theycan'tdoanythingtohelpyou.抱怨于事無補(bǔ);他們沒辦法幫助你。There

is

no

use

talkingtohimwhilehe

is

inthatlowframeofmind.在他心情不好（情緒低落）時(shí)與他談話是沒有用的。九、bebusy/engaged/buried/occupied(in)doingsth.忙于某事......該句型是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作表語的是形容詞，或者是過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞，動(dòng)名詞作介詞in的賓語，介詞常可以省去。如：In

modernsociety,everyone

is

busy

in

workingorstudying.Asaresult,manypeoplesufferfromstressandanxiety.在現(xiàn)代社會里，每個(gè)人不是忙著工作就是讀書，結(jié)果造成許多人有焦慮和過度緊張的困擾。Thenurse

was

engaged

in

watchingthechemicalanalysis,andVillefort

was

stillabsorbedin

grief.護(hù)士正在注意化學(xué)分析，維爾福沉浸在悲哀里。HowlonghasMarkbeen

occupied

in

writinghisnewbook?馬克寫新書有多久了？Askforhelp.Justaslearningtosayno,thiscanbehard.Butifyouareburiedindoingyourworkitmaybenecessary.尋求幫助。就像學(xué)會說“不”一樣，這個(gè)也挺難的。但是如果你被埋在工作里，需求幫助就非常重要?！镜漕}】(改編自XXXX湖南卷）AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusy_____(make)otherplans.答案與解析：making。符合句型bebusydoingsth.。十、need/require/want/deserve/beworth+doing某事需要/值得......其中的動(dòng)名詞要求用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義，意義相當(dāng)于所跟不定式的被動(dòng)式。但是beworth不可以跟不定式。如：Therehasbeensomethingwrongwiththecaranditbadly

needs

repairing/toberepaired.這輛汽車已經(jīng)有毛病了，急需修理。They

deserved

punishing/tobepunished.他們應(yīng)受懲罰。Myjacket

wants

mending/tobemended.我的夾克衫需要修補(bǔ)。Atthattime,otherscientistsdidn'tthinkhybridricewasworthstudying.當(dāng)時(shí)，其他科學(xué)家認(rèn)為雜交水稻不值得研究。Wehadmanagedtopersuadethemthatitwasworthworkingwithus.我們已經(jīng)設(shè)法使他們相信和我們一起共事是值得的。十一、prefertodoAratherthandoB與preferdoingAtodoingB寧愿做A而不做Bprefer是及物動(dòng)詞，可以跟動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，分別跟ratherthan…或介詞to表示“寧愿做某事，不愿意做另外一件事”，其中ratherthan后跟動(dòng)詞原形，介詞to后跟動(dòng)名詞。如：He

preferred

to

stayathomeratherthangowithus.他寧愿待在家里，不愿和我們一起去。Moreandmorepeopl