2020年10月山東省濟(jì)南某中學(xué)2021屆高三年級(jí)上冊(cè)10月月考英語(yǔ)試卷及解析

2020年10月山東省濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校2021屆高三上學(xué)期10月月考

英語(yǔ)試卷

★?？荚図樌?/p>

（含答案）

（時(shí)間：120分鐘滿(mǎn)分：150分）

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

I.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

A.ThemanhatestoIendhistoolstootherpeople.

RThemanhasn't千inishedworkingonthehooksheIf.

C.Themanlostthosetools.

2.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Hedoesn'tIikehisjob.B.HewiIInotgiveuphisjob.C.Hehas

alargefamiIytosupport.

3.What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Classmates.B.Teachersandstudents.C.Headmaster

andteachers

4.Whoisworriedaboutgainingweight?

A.Theson.B.AuntLouise.C.Themother.

5.Whydoesn'tthewomanbuythecoat?

A.Itisexpensive.B.Thereisn'thersize.C.She

doesn'tIikethecolor.

第二節(jié)：聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有2至4個(gè)小題，從期中所給的A、B、C

三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀

各個(gè)小題；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.WhatisthewomanprobabIy?

A.AhoteIclerk.B.AhouseagentC.Ashop

assistant.

7.Whatisthepillowfilledwith?

A.Cotton.B.Driedflowers,C.AspeciaI

materiaI.

聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8至9題。

8.Whatkindofskillsdoesthewomannothave?

A.Operatingcomputers.B.Doingbusiness.C.Typing.

9.Whichcompanydidthewomanworkin?

A.Atradingcompanyandatrustcompany.

B.Atrustcompany.

C.Atradingcompany.

聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。

10.What'swrongwiththewoman'smother?

A.Shehasbeensick.

B.Shemissesherfamilyandfriends.

C.Shecan'tearnenoughtosupportherfamiIy.

11.WheredoesthewomanIive?

A.InAmerica.B.InIndia.0.InBritan.

12.WhatdoesthewomanpIantodonextyear?

A.StudyanewIanguage.B.TraveItoIndia,C.Visither

father'snativecountry.

聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。

13.HowmanyEconomicsIectureswiIIthemanattendeveryweek?

A.Fivetimes,fromMondaytoFriday.

B.Twotimes,onThursdayandFriday.

C.Twotimes,onTuesdayandThursday.

14.Whydidthemanmissthemeetingforthenewstudentsyesterday?

A.Becausehehadn'treceivedanynoticeaboutthatmeeting.

B.Becausehehadtoattendthegroupdiscussion.

C.Becausehehadtodosomeparttimejobsyesterday.

15.Ifastudentwantstoearnthescholarship,whatistherequiredattendancerate?

A.80%B.90%C.100%

16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheconversation?

A.Themanisagradeonestudentintheuniversity.

B.Themanhastoworkafterschool.

C.ThemanthinksthetimeofthelectureistooearIy.

聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。

17.HowlonghasthespeakerIivedinabigcity?

A.Oneyear.B.Tenyears.C.Eighteenyears.

18.Whatisthespeaker'sopiniononpubIictransport?

A.It'scomfortabIe.B.It'stime-saving.C.It'scheap.

19WhatisgoodaboutIivinginasmaIItown?

A.It'ssafer.B.It'shealthier.C.It'smoreconvenient.

20.WhatkindoflifedothespeakersseemtoIikemost?

A.Busy.B.ColorfuI.C.Quiet.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

TheMothPoetryPrize

ABOUTTHEPRIZE

TheMothPoetryPrizeisanannuaIcontestfromIrishmagazine.Itisoneofthe

biggestprizesintheworIdforasingleunpubIishedpoemofanyIengthwiththetheme

ofpeace.Theprizeisopentoanyoneover16aslongasthepoemispreviously

unpubIished,andeachyearitattractsthousandsofentriesfromnewandestabIished

poetsfromover50countriesworIdwide.

TheshortIistwillbeannouncedinJune2019andthefourshortIistedpoemswII

featureinthesummerissueofTheMoth.ThewinnerswiIIbeinvitedtoaspecial

prize-givingeventatPoetryIreIandinDubIininthesummerof2019.

THEJUDGE

ThepoetandnovelistJacobPolleywiIIjudgethisyear'sMothPoetryPrize.Jacob

istheauthoroffourpoetrycollectionspubIishedbyPicador,theIatestof

which,JackseIf,wontheT.S.EliotPrize.HeisalsotherecipientofaGeoffreyFaber

MemoriaIPrize,andhisnoveITalkoftheTovunwonaSomersetMaughamAward.Heteaches

attheUniversityofNewcastle.

HOWTOENTER

Theentryfeeis15eurosperpoem,andyoucanenterasmanypoemsasyouIike.

YoucanenteronIineorsendyourpoem(s)aIongwithachequeorpostaIorder

madepayabIeto“TheMothMagazineLtd."withanentryformoracoverIetter

withyournameandcontactdetaiIsandtheti11eofpoem(s)attachedto：TheMoth,Ardan

Grange,Milltown,BeIturbet,Co.Cavan,IreIand.

PleaseremembertoreadtheruIesofthecompetitionbeforeyouenter.

CaII00353(0)872657251oremaiIenquiries?themothmagazine.comformoredetais.

1.Whatinformationaboutthecontestcanwelearn?

A.Itsclosingdate.B.ItsevaIuationcriteria.

C.Theawardtowinners.D.Itsorganizer.

2.Whatistherequirementofthecontest?

A.OnepersoncanonIysubmitoneentry.

B.TheparticipantsmustbeIrishcitizens.

C.TheentriesshouIdbefocusedonpeace.

D.Onlyteenagersof16areadmittedtotakepart.

3.WhatwiIIthewinnersget?

A.Anawardof15euros.

B.AninvitationtoDubIin.

C.ApoetrycollectionbyPicador.

D.AchancetointerviewJacobPolley.

【答案】1.D2.C3.B

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了TheMothPoetryPrize這個(gè)詩(shī)歌比賽的相關(guān)信息,包括組織者,參賽

要求,裁判以及如何投稿等等。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“~heMothPoetryPrizeiGanannuaIcontestfromIrich

magazine/1可知這個(gè)詩(shī)歌比賽是愛(ài)爾蘭雜志每年都會(huì)舉辦的一個(gè)比賽。也就是說(shuō)愛(ài)爾蘭雜志

就是組織者，故選D項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“withthethemeofpeace”可知所有的參賽詩(shī)歌要以和平為

主題，故選C項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThewinnerswiIIbeinvitedtoaspecialprize-giving

eventatPoetryIreIandinDubIininthesummerof2019."可知獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邔⒈谎?qǐng)參加

2019年夏季在都柏林舉辦的愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)歌特別頒獎(jiǎng)活動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

RodneySmithisamanwithatask.TheBermudanativeisinthemidstofatrip

thatwiIItakehimtoeverystateinthenation,mowingIawns（修理草坪）.

Fiveyearsago,Smithcameacrossaseniormanmowinghislawnandstoppedto

help."WhenIcameacrosstheeIderIyman,myIifechanged,"hesaid.Afterthat,Smth

wentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService（RMLCS）tomowIawnsforthe

elderly,disabled,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.Aspartofproviding

freeyardwork,theorganizationteacheschiIdrenaboutservingtheircommunitiesand

lawnmowersafety.

AkeycomponentofRMLCSisits50-yardchaIlenge,whichsetsagoaIforchiIdren

nationwidetomow50Iawnsforfreeintheircommunity.Whenakidsignsupforthe

chailenge,thegroupsendsthemawhiteshirtwiththeRaisingMenlogo（標(biāo)識(shí)）,shades

andearprotection.Theparticipantsreceiveadifferentcoloredshirtafterevery

10thlawntheymow.Whentheyhavecompletedthetaskfor50yards,theyreceivea

specialvisitfromSmithorsomeonewithRMLCS.TheygivethevolunteeranewIawnmower,

freeofcharge,andcutotherlawnswiththem.

SineethischaIlengestartedin2016,12kidshaveaIreadycompletedthechaIIenge.

Andbothboysandgirlsarepartofit.Atpresenttheyhave130kidsnationwidetaking

partinthischaIIenge,including7inBermudaandtheU.K.andoneinCanada.So115

sspreadingworIdwide.EventheQueenofEngIandtooknotice—thegovernorofBermuda

presentedSmithwithanawardIateIastyearonbehaIfofher.

11wasaIsoIastyearthatSmithcameupwiththe50States50Lawnscampaign.

Now,in2018,he5sontheroadagain.

4.WhatisthepurposeoftheRaisingMenLawnCareService?

A.EducatechiIdrentoworkhard.

B.OfferfreeIawncuttingservice.

C.MakeIawnmowersofhighquaIity.

D.TrainprofessionaIIawnmowingworkers.

5.WhatindicatesachildcompIetingthe50-yardchaIlenge?

A.AvisittoRMLCS.

B.TheRaisingMenlogo.

C.Awhiteshirtandearprotection.

D.AnewIawnmowerfromRMLCS.

6.WhyistheQueenofEngIandmentioned?

A.Topraisethequeenforhercare.

B.ToproveSmithisrespectedbyeveryone.

C.ToshowSmith1sbehaviorgotrecognized.

D.TointroducewhereSmith*smotivationcamefrom.

7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.MowLawnsinOrdertoTraveI

B.LawnMowing-aNewTrend

C.ChooseMowingLawnstoHelp

D.Smith—aManLovesMowingLawns

【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.C

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。史密斯創(chuàng)建了名為theRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)的組

織來(lái)免費(fèi)為老人,殘疾人,單身母親和退伍軍人修剪草坪。這個(gè)組織有個(gè)幫助所在社區(qū)修剪50

片草坪的挑戰(zhàn)，完成最終挑戰(zhàn)的孩子會(huì)得到一臺(tái)新的割草機(jī)。自2016年這項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)開(kāi)始以來(lái)，有

越來(lái)越多的孩子參與到其中，甚至弓I起了英國(guó)女王的注意。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"tocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)to

mowIawnsfortheeIderIy,disabIed,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.n

可知史密斯創(chuàng)建了RMLCS來(lái)免費(fèi)為老人,殘疾人,單身母親和退伍軍人修剪草坪。故選B項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Whentheyhavecompletedthetaskfor50yards,they

receiveaspeciaIvisitfromSmithorsomeonewithRMLCS.TheygivethevoIunteera

newIawnmower,freeofcharge,andcutotherIawnswiththem.5,可知當(dāng)這些孩子完成

修剪50片草坪的任務(wù)時(shí)，Smith或RMLCS的其他人會(huì)對(duì)他們進(jìn)行一次特別的拜訪。他們會(huì)給

這些孩子一臺(tái)新的割草機(jī),并一起修剪草坪。這說(shuō)明一個(gè)小孩如果收到一臺(tái)RMLCS送的新的割

草機(jī)意味著他/她完成了修建50片草坪的任務(wù)。故選D項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"S。it'sspreadingworIdwide.EventheQueenofEngIand

tooknotice-thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlateIastyear

onbehalfofher.M可知這項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)在全世界傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。甚至英國(guó)女王也注意到了一百慕大省長(zhǎng)

去年年底代表她給史密斯頒獎(jiǎng)。女王的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)意味著一種肯定，由此推斷作者提到英國(guó)女王是為

了說(shuō)明史密斯的行為受到了認(rèn)可°故選C項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。全文主要講了史密斯創(chuàng)建了這個(gè)組織來(lái)免費(fèi)為老人,殘疾人,單身母親和退伍軍人

修剪草坪,并發(fā)起修剪50片草坪的挑戰(zhàn)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)孩子為社區(qū)免費(fèi)修剪草坪。因此C項(xiàng)(選擇修剪

草坪來(lái)幫助他人)最適合做全文的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

AlthoughithasbeenreveaIedinrecentyearsthatpIantsarecapableofseeing,

hearingandsmeIIing,theyarestillusuaIIythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthe

firsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasonic（超聲的）crieswhenstressed,

whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmers

Iistenforwater-starvedcrops.

ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraeIfoundthattomato

□ndtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenctreosedbya

Iackofwaterorwhentheirstemitcut.

MicrophonespIaced10centimetresfromthepIantspickedupsoundsinthe

ultrasonicrangeof20to100kiIohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammaIs

wouldbecapabIeofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amoth

maydecideagainstlayingeggsonapIantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearchers

suggest.PlantscouIdevenhearthatotherpIantsareshortofwaterandreact

accordingly,theyspecuIate（推斷）.

Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatopIantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobacco

pIantsmade11.WhenpIantstemswerecut,tomatopIantsmadeanaverageof25sounds

inthefollowinghour,andtobaccopIants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthan

onesoundperhour,onaverage.

ItisevenpossibIetodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestresss.

Theresearcherstrainedamachine-1earningmodeItorecognizebetweenthepIants*

soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctIyidentifyng

inmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound*s

intensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancut

tobacco,forexampIe.

EnabIingfarmerstoIistenforwater-stressedpIantscoulduopenanewdirecton

inthefieldofprecisionagriculture”,theresearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuch

anabilitywiIIbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareasto

drought.

“Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedpIantsmakecouldbeused

inprecisionagricultureseemsfeasible（可彳亍的）ifitisnottoocostIytosetup

therecordinginafieldsituation,nsaysAnneVisscherattheroyaIBotanicGardens,

Kew,intheUK.

Shewarnsthattheresultscan'tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,such

assaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehave

beennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespond

totheooundothepIantemake,sothatidearemainsbasedonguessesfornow,checays.

8.TheexperimeritbyresearchersatTeIAvivUniversityshowsthat.

A.tomatopIantscrymoreoftenthantobaccowhenhurt

B.pIantsoundscanbeheardbypIantsquitefaraway

C.humanscanhearwater-hungrypIantscrying

D.mothsIikelayingeggsonstressedplant

9.WhatisAnneVisscher5sattitudetowardsthefindingoftheexperiment?

A.DisappointedB.Cautious.C.Appreciative.D.Optimistic.

10.Takingadvantageofthenewresearchfinding,farmerscan.

A.harvestcropsintimeB.reducegreenhouseeffects

C.diagnoseplantconditionfasterD.detectandremoveinsectseasily

11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PlantsgetstressedJustLikeUs.

B.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAway.

C.CriesofplantsbreakFarmers*Hearts

D.Plantsscreaminthepresenceofstress

【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D

【解析】

本文是說(shuō)明文。研究表明,植物在受到缺水或者被砍斷時(shí)的壓力時(shí),它們會(huì)發(fā)出尖叫聲。這開(kāi)創(chuàng)

了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的一個(gè)新領(lǐng)域。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“WhenpIantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverage

of25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccopIants15.（當(dāng)植物莖稈被切斷后，番

茄植株在接下來(lái)的一小時(shí)內(nèi)平均發(fā)出25種聲音,而煙草植株發(fā)出15種聲音。）”可知,研究人

員的實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示番茄植株受到傷害時(shí)比煙草植株更容易發(fā)出尖叫聲。故選A項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。第八段中提到AnneVisscher所說(shuō)的話uShewarnsthattheresultscan'tyet

bebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaItortemperature,becausethesemay

notIeadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimeritstoshowwhethermoths

oranyotheranimalcanhearondrespondtothesoundsthepIantsmake,sothatidea

remainsbasedonguessesfornow,shesays.（她警告說(shuō)，這個(gè)結(jié)果還不能擴(kuò)展到其他壓力，

比如鹽分或溫度，因?yàn)檫@些可能不會(huì)產(chǎn)生聲音。此外,還沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)證明飛蛾或其他動(dòng)物是否能聽(tīng)

到植物發(fā)出的聲音并作出反應(yīng)，所以目前這個(gè)想法仍是基于猜測(cè)。）”根據(jù)其中的“the

resuItscan5tyetbebroadensd??,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowsothat

idearemainsbasedonguesses,?,n由此可以推斷，AnneVisscher對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)

度。故選B項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。第六段中提到"EnabIingfarmerstoIistenforwater-stressedplantscould

"openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture",theresearchers

suggest.TheyaddthatsuchanabiIitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechange

exposesmoreareastodrought.（研究者們認(rèn)為，讓農(nóng)民能夠聽(tīng)到缺水植物的聲音可能"在

精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域會(huì)開(kāi)辟一個(gè)新方向”。他們補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，隨著氣候變化使更多地區(qū)面臨干旱,這種能力

將變得越來(lái)越重要。）”由此可以推斷，這一新的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓農(nóng)民能夠聽(tīng)到缺水植物的聲音，衣民就

可以快速判斷植物當(dāng)前處于缺水的狀況。故選C項(xiàng)。

[11題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章第一段提到"theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasonic（超

聲的）crieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecison

agriculturewherefarmersIistenforwater-starvedcrops.（已經(jīng)記錄下當(dāng)植物有壓力

時(shí)它們發(fā)出的哭聲的超聲波,研究者們認(rèn)為這開(kāi)創(chuàng)了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的一個(gè)新領(lǐng)域,農(nóng)民可以聽(tīng)到缺

水植物的聲音。）”下文是說(shuō)明這一研究的具體過(guò)程。文章是關(guān)于植物在受到缺水或者被砍斷

時(shí)的壓力時(shí)，它們會(huì)發(fā)出聲音。因此文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“植物在壓力下會(huì)發(fā)出尖叫聲”。故選

D項(xiàng)。

D

Thefirstpatientwhodiedonmywatchwasanoldermanwithafaultyheart.We

triedtosIowitdownwithtreatment,butitsuddenIystoppedbeatingcompIeteIy.Later,

wheneverIwouIdhaveacaseIikethatone,Ifoundmysel*second-guessingmycIinical

management.However,itturnsoutthatthinkingtwicemayactuaIIycausemoreharm

thangood.

Inaworkingpaper,EmoryUnivercityresearchersfoundthatwhendoctorsdeIivering

ababyhaveabadresu11,theyaremoreIikeIytoswitchtoadifferentdeIiverymethod

withthenextpatient,oftenunnecessariIyandsometimeswithworseresuIts.

Becausedoctorsmakesomanydecisionsthathaveseriousconsequences,thefaIIout

fromsecond-guessingappearsespeciaIIylargeforus.A2006studyfoundthatifa

patienthadabIeedafterbeingprescribed（開(kāi)藥）warfarin,thephysicianwasabout

20%IessIikeIytoprescribeIaterpatientsthebIoodthinnerthatpreventsstrokes

（中風(fēng)）.However,ifapatientwasnotonv/arfarinandhadastrokephysicianswere

stillnomoreIikeIytoprescribewarfarintotheirotherpatients.

ThesefindingshighIightinterestingbehavioraIpatternsindoctors.Inthe

blood-thinnerstudy,doctorsv/eremoreaffectedbytheactofdoingharm（prescribng

abloodthinnerthatendeduphurtingdoctorsweremoreaffectedbytheactofdong

harm（prescribingabloodthinnerthatendeduphurtingapatient）andlessaffected

bylettingharmhappen（notprescribingabIoodthinnerandthepatienthavingastroke）.

YetastrokeisoftenmorepermanentanddamagingthanabIeed.

Butthisphenomenonisnotuniquetomedicine.OverreactiontoFearsomeRisks'1

holdstrueforbroadersociety.

Forinstance,sensationaIheadIinesaboutsharkattacksonhumansinFloridain

2001causedapanicandledthestatetoprohibitshark-feedingexpeditions.Yetshark

attackshadactuaIlyfaIlenthatyearand,accordingtothestudy,suchachangewas

probablyunnecessarygiventheextremeIysmaIIriskofsuchanattackhappening.

HumansareIikeIytobeinfIuencedbyemotionaIandoftenirrationaI（不理性的）

thinkingwhenprocessinginfcrmation,badeventsandmistakes.Asmuchaswedon't

wanttocauseanunfortunateeventtohappenagain,weneedtobeawarethataworst

situationthatcanbeimagineddoesn'tnecessariIymeanwedidanythingwrong.When

weoverthink,wefailtorelyonthinkingbasedonwhatweknoworhaveexperienced.

Instead,wemayinvoIuntariIyoveranaIyzeandcometothewrongconclusion.

IhavetreateddozensofpatientswhopresentedwiththesameiIInessesasmyfirst

patient,whodiedmorethanayearago.Insteadofsecord-guessingmyseIf,Itrusted

myclinicaIinetinet（本能）andstayedthecourse.Everyoneofthosepatientssurvived.

YoushouldtrustyourinstinetinyourIife,too.

12.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat.

A.badmedicaIoutcomesaffectdoctors

B.deIiveringbabiescanbedifficultwork

C.somedoctorsarenotveryexperienced

D.doctorssometimesmakesillymistakes

13.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctors.

A.tendtoprescribeIesseffectivemedicine

B.aremoreconcernedaboutthepatients'safety

C.becomelessconfidentinwritingaprescription

D.beIieveastrokeismoretreatablethanableeding

14.WhatdoestheunderIinedword''faIloutinParagraph3probabIymean?

A.ResultB.BenefitC.DifferenceD.Absence

15.TheauthorwiIIprobabIyagreethat.

A.weshouldnotdoubtourowndecisions

B.ourexperiencewiIIpavewayforourfuture

C.humansareemotionaIandirrationalonthewhole

D.instinctsdon'tnecessarilyleadtowrongdirections

【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.D

【解析】

這是一篇夾敘夾議。文章通過(guò)作者自己的經(jīng)歷論述了，人類(lèi)在處理信息、不良事件和錯(cuò)誤時(shí)易

受情緒化和非理性思維的影響，會(huì)過(guò)度思考，此時(shí)我們就不能依賴(lài)于基于我們所知或所經(jīng)歷的

思考,反而要相信直覺(jué)。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第一段中的Later,wheneverIwouIdhavescaseIikethatone,Ifound

myseIfsecond-guessingmyclinicaImanagement.（后來(lái)，每當(dāng)我遇到這樣的病例時(shí)，我都會(huì)

懷疑自己的臨床管理。）和第二段的Inaworkingpaper,EmoryUniversityresearchersfound

thatwhendoctorsdeIiveringababyhaveanadverseoutcome,theyaremoreIikeIyto

GWitchtoadifferentdeIiverymethodwiththenextpatient,oftenunnececoariIyand

sometimeswithworseresults.（在一篇工作論文中，埃默里大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)醫(yī)生接

生嬰兒時(shí)出現(xiàn)不良后果時(shí),他們更有可能對(duì)下一個(gè)病人改用不同的接生方式,這往往是不必要

的，有時(shí)甚至?xí)?lái)更糟糕的結(jié)果。）可推斷，糟糕的醫(yī)療結(jié)具會(huì)影響醫(yī)生。A.badmedical

outcomesaffectdoctors（糟糕的醫(yī)療結(jié)果會(huì)影響醫(yī)生）符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第三段中的A2006studyfoundthatifapatienthadabIeedafterbeing

prescribedwarfarin,thephysicianwasabout20%lessIikeIytoprescribesubsequent

patientsthebloodthinnerthatpreventsstrokes.（2006年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果患者

在服用華法林后出現(xiàn)出血,醫(yī)生給后續(xù)患者開(kāi)預(yù)防中風(fēng)的血液稀釋劑的可能性要低20%）可知，

在血液稀釋劑研究中,一旦病人服用華法林后出現(xiàn)出血后,醫(yī)生們?cè)陂_(kāi)某些處方時(shí)量就減少了。

由此推斷，醫(yī)生變得不那么自信。C.becomelessconfidentinwritingaprescription：在

開(kāi)處方時(shí)沒(méi)那么自信了）符合以上說(shuō)法，故選C項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的Becausedoctorsmakesomanydecisionsthathaveserious

consequences,thefaIloutfromsecond-guessingappearsespeciallylargeforus.可

知，因?yàn)獒t(yī)生要做出如此多有嚴(yán)重后果的決定，事后猜測(cè)的fallout對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)似乎尤其嚴(yán)重。

根據(jù)句意，尤其consequences推測(cè)劃線部分的意思是“后果”。A.Resu11（結(jié)果）符合以上推

測(cè)，改選A項(xiàng)。

15題詳解】

推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的Whenweoverthink,wefaiItoreIyonthinkingbasedon

whatweknoworhaveexperienced.Instead,wemayinadvertentIyoveranaIyzeandcome

tothewrongconclusion.（當(dāng)我們過(guò)度思考時(shí)，我們就不能依賴(lài)于基于我們所知或所經(jīng)歷的

思考。相反,我們可能會(huì)無(wú)意中過(guò)度分析,得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。）和最后一段中的Insteadofsecond

guessingmyseIf,Itrustedmyclinicalinstinetandstayedthecourse.Everyoneof

thosepatientssurvived.YoushouldtrustyourinstinctinyourIife,too.（我相信

自己的臨床直覺(jué),堅(jiān)持到底,而不是事后猜測(cè)。所有的病人都活了下來(lái)。你也應(yīng)該相信你的直覺(jué)。）

可推斷，作者認(rèn)為直覺(jué)不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的方向。D.instinctsdon'tnecessarilyleadto

wrongdirections（直覺(jué)不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的方向）符合以上說(shuō)法,故選D項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

ManagingyourpersonaIfinancesisn'taseasyasitseems.Risingpricesandan

uncertaineconomiccIimatemakethechaIIengesevengreater,whichiswhyit's

importantthatyoutakestepstogetafirmhandleonyourmoneyneeds,assessingyour

situation,andmakingtheappropriatechanges.Herearethetopthreetipsthatmight

justmanageyourmoneymoreproductiveIyandsafeIy.16

17LookatyourIistofpurchasesovertheIastmonthandseeifthereare

anyreguIarbuyswhicharesimplynotnecessary,andmakeadjustmentstoensurethat

yourmoneycominginIsnotovershadowedbythemoneythatthengoesoutoverthecourse

ofthemonth.

Havingapersonalfinancialadvisorisessentialifyou'relookingatinvestments

orarewonderingaboutyourfuture.TherightfinancialadvisorwiIIstartwitha

fact-findingcheckthatwiIIcoveryoursituation.18Sothatyouarebetterable

totakeadvantageofadedicatedIeveIofexperienceandinsiderinsights.

19Checkyourexpendituresandmakesurethatyouarenotpayingoutfor

somethingthatyousimplydon'?:need.CostanalysisisessentiaIwhenitcomestomakng

afinaldecisionbetweenrentingandbuying.TheIargerthecostvaIue,themore

importantthatdecisionbecomes.

ThemostimportantthingisbeinghonestwithyourseIfaboutyourcurrent

situation.20Andthenyou'IIstandamuchbetterchanceofbeingabIetobuild

acomfortablebankbaIancethatwiIIprotectyourfuture.

A.Lookforspecialistsinyourareaofinterest.

B.That'swhereyourinitialcostanalysiswiIIcomeinhandy.

C.Itcanbeverytrickytoweighupthecostbenefitsofeitherrentingorbuying

goodsandservices.

D.Budgetingneedn'tbeacompIicatedprocess.