湖北省武漢市江岸區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期元月質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省武漢市江岸區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期元月質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A.B.C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredidthemangoyesterday?A.Toalibrary. B.Toamuseum. C.Toatenniscourt.【答案】A【原文】W:Jennysaidsheplannedtoplaytenniswithyouyesterdaybutyouwerenotathome.M:IwenttotheCityLibrarytoborrowsomebooksformyresearchonmuseums.2.Whoisthewomantalkingto?A.Aneighbor. B.Herson. C.Adeliveryman.【答案】A【詳析】M:Excuseme,Mrs.Brown.Hereisapackageforyou.W:Thankyou,youngman.M:Actually,thedeliverymansentyourpackagetoourflatbymistake.Momaskedmetogiveitbacktoyou.3.WhyisGeorgelate?A.Hemissedthebus. B.Hisbikebrokedown. C.Hehadtochangeclothes.【答案】C【原文】W:George,youarelate.Whathappened?M:I’msorry,Ms.Green.Iwasonmybikewhenabusdrovebyandthenextsecondtherewasmudalloverme.Ihadtogobackandgetchanged.4.Howdidthemanfeelafterwatchingthevideo?A.Excited. B.Moved. C.Surprised.【答案】B【原文】M:Theshortvideohasmorethan2millionviewsnow.Haveyouwatchedit?W:Youmeantheoneyousharedyesterday?Yes.Iwaseventouchedtotears.M:Totellyouthetruth,sowasI.5.What’sthematterwithLaura?A.Sheisunderworkpressure. B.Shepressedthewrongbutton. C.Shebroketheprintingmachine.【答案】A【原文】W:Theprintingmachineisbroken!M:Calmdown,Laura.Justplugitin,andpresstheredbuttontoturniton.W:Oh,lookatme!Theprojectdrivesmemad!M:Youdoneedagoodrest.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C出最住選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary. B.Coachandplayer. C.Receptionistandcustomer.7.Whyistheswimmingpoolclosed?A.Itisunderdecoration. B.Itsequipmentneedsupdating. C.Todayisweeklycleaningday.【答案】6.C7.C【原文】W:Goodmorning,CrownHotel.CanIhelpyou?M:Goodmorning,thisisDavidCooper.IbookedaroomonyourappandI’mcallingtoconfirmitW:Sure,Mr.Cooper.Ihaveseenyourreservationhere.Oneroomfortodayandtomorrow.Whenareyougoingtocheckin?M:We’llprobablyarriveat9pm.Willtheswimmingpoolbeopenthen?W:I’msorry.ThepoolisclosedeveryMondayforcleaning.Butournewlydecoratedgymopenstillmidnight.Wehavesomenewsportsequipment.M:OK.Iwillhaveatry.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatwillthespeakershaveforsupper?A.Friedfood. B.Italianfood. C.Homemadefood.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Takeabath. B.Orderfoodonline. C.Gotoarestaurant.10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Heiscreative. B.Heisgenerous. C.Heisthoughtful.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【原文】W:Idon’tfeellikecookingtoday.Let’sjustgetsomefooddeliveredonthephone.Howaboutsomefriedchickentonight?M:Friedchicken?Youneverlikedfriedfood!What’sgoingon?W:Iamstressedout,andtheysayfriedfoodcanbringinstantjoy.M:Nowonder.Listen,youdon’tactuallyneedthefriedchicken.IknowarestaurantthatservesthebestItalianfood.Ittasteslikemygrandma’shomemadedishes.Wouldyouliketotrysome?W:Youmeanrightnow?M:Yes!I’lldrive.W:ButIdon’twanttomoveaninch.M:Allright.Whataboutthis?YouhaveanicebathandI’lldrivetheretoordersometakeout.It’squicker.W:Oh,youarealwayssosweet,honey.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.HowdoesthemanlikeAvatar2?A.Disappointing. B.Average. C.Impressive.12.WhichpartofAvatar1attractedthemanmost?A.Theplot. B.Thecharacters. C.Thespecialeffects.13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Comparethetwomovies.B.AppreciateAvatar2again.C.ExplainhisloveforAvatar1.【答案】11.A12.C13.B【原文】W:DidyougotoseethemovieAvatar2yesterday?M:Don’tmentionit!Itfeelslikearecycledmovie.W:Recycled?Whatdoyoumean?M:Thesetting,thecharacters,andeventheplotweresimilartoAvatar1.ThedirectorCameronseemstohaveremadeit.W:Youcan’tbeserious!Therehastobesomethingdifferent.M:Theonlydifferenceisthetitle,otherwiseIwouldn’thavegonetothecinema.W:Ithoughtyouwereafanofthedirector.Isitbecauseyouexpecttoomuchofhim?M:Probably.ThespecialeffectsofAvatar1aresowonderfulthatIsay“wow”everytimeIwatchit.Butthistime,Ididn’tfeeltheexcitementIhadexpected.W:Thatexplainsit.NothingcancomparetoAvatar1inyourmind.WhynotgiveAvatar2asecondchance?Thenprobablyyouwillchangeyourmind.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thecitymarathon. B.Thesupplydistribution. C.Thechangeableweather.15.Whendidthewomancompletehercourse?A.Around8:00. B.Around10:00. C.Around12:00.16.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemorning?A.Windy. B.Cloudy. C.Sunny.17.Whatwillthemanprobablydonextyear?A.Runarace. B.Workasavolunteer. C.Jointhelawoffice.【答案】14.A15.B16.B17.B【原文】M:Youtookpartintheannualcitymarathonlastweek!That’sawesome!Ididn’tknowyouareanathlete!W:Thankyou,butit’sjustahobby.Marathonallowsmetoescapefrommytiringworkatthelawoffice.M:Whatabouttherace?Didyoucompletethewholecourse?W:Iranahalfmarathon-about13milesaltogether.Ittookmeabout2hours.M:Oh,Icouldn’tevenpicturemyselfrunningthatlong,especiallyinsuchhotwindlessdays.W:Theracestartedat8o’clock,andluckilytherewereenoughcloudsthewholemorning.M:Didyoucarryanysupplieswithyou?W:No,thevolunteerswouldprovideuswithenoughsuppliesalongthepath.Itwasn’tastoughasyouthink.Wouldyouliketojoinmenextyear?M:Er,IthinkIcanhelpdistributethesuppliesandcheerfortheathletes.W:That’sagreatidea.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whathelpswomenfindmorescientificclues?A.Theirsixthsense. B.Theirworldview. C.Theirresearchmethods.19.Whocontributedtothedevelopmentoftheairconditionerincars?A.KatieHafner. B.RosalindFranklin. C.MargaretWilcox.20.Whatdoestheradioprogrammainlyfocuson?A.Publicopinionsonscience. B.Majorscientificbreakthroughs. C.Untoldstoriesoffemalescientists.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【原文】I’mKatieHafner,hostofanewweeklyradioprogramcalledLostWomenofSciencecomingnextNovember.Throughhistorywomenhavemadehundredsofscientificbreakthroughs.Theyhaveasixthsensethatenablesthemtopickoutmoreimportantclues.Butmanyofthefemalescientistsaremissingfrompublicview.ThemoreIdothisresearch,themoreIrealizethatwomenareattheheartofsomeofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinscience.Forexample,RosalindFranklincontributedmuchtothediscoveryofthestructureofDNA.AndtheworkofMargaretWilcox,anAmericanengineer,wascrucialtothedevelopmentoftheairconditionerincars.Eachseason,we’llexploreandcelebratethelifeandworkofonewomanwhoshapedourworldview.Andwe’llexploresomeofthereasonswhyyoumightnotknowhername.We’llbelookingatthebarriersthesewomenfaced,aswellastheirpassionanddrive.Joinusaswehonortheseremarkablestoriesyoumaynotknow.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A.B.C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APeterE1:00PM.Thanksformeetingtoday.Iwantedtotouchbasewithallofyouregardingthenewadcampaignwejustlaunched.Canyougivemeanupdateonthestatistics?Bob1:02PMSure.TheaudienceouthereintheEastisrespondingverywelltothecommercials.Oursaleshaveincreasedbyabout40%sincethelaunch.Ithinktheemotionalaspectoftheadisworking.PeterE1:04PM.That’sreallygoodtoher.Isthereanythingweshouldbeconcernedabout?Bob1:05PMI’mjustworriedaboutthecost.Ilookedoverthebudgetforthecampaign,anditseemsextraordinarilyhigh.I’mnotsureiftheincreasedsaleswillcoverthecosts.Camilla1:07PMThat’swhat1wasthinkingtoo.Myterritoryisn’tseeingthesameincreaseinsalesa5Bob’s.AndthecostsaresimilarhereastheyareoutEast.Bob1:09PMWeshouldrethinkwhenandwhereweplaythecommercials.Thesalesincreasesarecomingmainlyfromyoungerpeople.Maybeweshouldfocusmoreonsocialmediaoutletsratherthanthetraditionalandmoreexpensivemethodsliketelevision.Camilla1:10PMIcompletelyagree.PeterE1:11PM.Thar’scertainlysomethingtoconsider.I’llbringthisuptomyteamhere.Camilla,canyougivemeanideaofyourfigures?Camilla1:12PMSure.Oursalessawaslightincreaseof5%thislastmonth.PeterE1:13PM.OK.Thanks.Canyousendmethedetailedreportsbytheendoftomorrow?Typoamessage21.WhatdoesCamillahavetosayaboutsalesinherregion?A.They’vestayedthesame. B.They’vegonedown. C.They’veimproved. D.They’veexploded.22.WhydoesBobthinkcommercialsViasocialmediaisabetteruseofmoney?A.Becauseitdoesn’ttakeasmuchefforttouse. B.Becausefewerpeopleareusedtosocialmedia.C.Becauseofhowcoothecompanywillappear. D.Becauseoftheirtargetaudience’spreference.23.Accordingtothepassage,whatpartoftheadisespeciallyeffective?A.Itshowslotsofdifferentadvantages. B.Itappealstopeople’Semotions,C.Itmeetspeople‘Svariousneeds. D.Itconveyssomesubtleideas.【答案】21.C22.D23.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)人關(guān)于商品廣告的對(duì)話?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三欄中Camilla所說(shuō)的話的“Sure.Oursalessawaslightincreaseof5%thislastmonth.(當(dāng)然。上個(gè)月我們的銷售額小幅增長(zhǎng)了5%。)”可知，卡米拉認(rèn)為她所在地區(qū)的銷售已經(jīng)改善了，故選C?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六欄中Bob第三次所說(shuō)的話“Weshouldrethinkwhenandwhereweplaythecommercials.Thesalesincreasesarecomingmainlyfromyoungerpeople.Maybeweshouldfocusmoreonsocialmediaoutletsratherthanthetraditionalandmoreexpensivemethodsliketelevision.(我們應(yīng)該重新考慮播放廣告的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。銷售額的增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自年輕人。也許我們應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注社交媒體，而不是電視等傳統(tǒng)且更昂貴的方法)”可推知，Bob認(rèn)為通過(guò)社交媒體做廣告是一種更好的花錢方式，因?yàn)樗麄兎夏繕?biāo)受眾的偏好，故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二欄中Bob第一次所說(shuō)的話“TheaudienceouthereintheEastisrespondingverywelltothecommercials.Oursaleshaveincreasedbyabout40%sincethelaunch.Ithinktheemotionalaspectoftheadisworking.(東部地區(qū)的觀眾對(duì)廣告反響非常好。自推出以來(lái)，我們的銷售額增長(zhǎng)了約40%。我認(rèn)為廣告的情感方面正在發(fā)揮作用。)”可知，根據(jù)這篇文章，廣告分特別有效的方面是它能喚起人們的情感，故選B。BWhenreading,mymotherlikestosliceaparagraphorasentenceoutandattachittothewallofherkitchen.Shepicksboringsentencesthatpuzzleme.ButIprefercopyingfavoritebrightlinesintoajournalinsoft,grayNo.2pencil,wordbyword.Shedoesn’tknowanyofthis.There'snothingshocking:forourchatting.weseldombegincertainconversationsthoughwetalkonthephoneweekly,sometimesmakingeachotherlaughsohardthatIchokeandshecries.Butwhatwedon'tsaycouldfilluprooms.Fightswithmyfather.Smallfailuresinschool.Anythingthatreallyupsetsus.Mymotherhasnevertoldme“Iloveyou,Lisa.”—asifthefour-wordabsenceexplainswhoIam—soIcarryitwithme,likealabelonme.Thelasttimeshealmostspokethewordswastwoyearsago,whenshecalledtotellmeafriendhadbeeninhospital.Isaid,“Iloveyou,Mom.”Shestoppedforawhileandthensaid,“Thankyou.”Ihaven'tsaiditsince,butI'vewonderedwhymymotherdoesn'tuntilI'vefoundapoemthatsupplieswordsfortheblankspacesItrytounderstandinourconversations:Don’tfilluponbread.Isayabsent-mindedly.Theservingsherearehuge.Myson,middle-aged,says:Didyoureallyjustsaythattome?Whathedoesn’tknowisthatwhenwe’rewalkingtogether,Idesiretoreachforhishand.It'shumble,yetheartbreaking.Aftercopyingitdowninmyjournal,Iemailedittomom,adding“Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.”Mymotherdoesn’treadpoetry—oratleast,shedoesn’ttellme,andIfeltnervousclicking“Send”.Shenevermentionedthepoem.ButthenexttimeIwenthomeforvacation,Inoticedsomethingnewinthekitchenfixedtoanantiqueboard:thepoem.Theboardhungabovetheheater,thewarmestspotinthekitchen.Thepoemstillhangsthere.NeithermymothernorIhaveeverspokenaboutit.24.What'sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Tostressthetheme. B.Toestablishthesetting.C.Torepresentthecharacters. D.Tocreatetheatmosphere.25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemotherdaughterrelationship?A.Shaky. B.Distant. C.Reserved. D.Intense.26.Whydidtheauthorsendthepoemtohermom?A.Itremindedherofmom'slove.B.Shewantedtoapologizetomom.C.Itsuitedmom'stasteofliterature.D.Sheneededaninterpretationfrommom.27.Whatdoesthepoemmeantomom?A.Amemoryofgoldendays.B.Daughter’sgratefulnesstoher.C.Adecorationintheplainkitchen.D.Daughter'sunderstandingofher.【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和母親對(duì)于表達(dá)愛(ài)時(shí)的關(guān)系，母親的內(nèi)斂和寡言少語(yǔ)讓作者很不理解，但是最終一首詩(shī)讓作者意味著女兒對(duì)她的理解?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenreading,mymotherlikestosliceaparagraphorasentenceoutandattachittothewallofherkitchen.Shepicksboringsentencesthatpuzzleme.ButIprefercopyingfavoritebrightlinesintoajournalinsoft,grayNo.2pencil,wordbyword.”（讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，我媽媽喜歡剪下一段或一個(gè)句子，貼在廚房的墻上。她挑了一些無(wú)聊的句子讓我迷惑不解。但我更喜歡用柔軟的灰色2號(hào)鉛筆把我喜歡的明亮線條逐字逐句地抄在日記本上。）可推知，第一段的作用是來(lái)展示人物性格特征。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Mymotherhasnevertoldme“Iloveyou,Lisa.”—asifthefour-wordabsenceexplainswhoIam—soIcarryitwithme,likealabelonme.Thelasttimeshealmostspokethewordswastwoyearsago,whenshecalledtotellmeafriendhadbeeninhospital.Isaid,“Iloveyou,Mom.”Shestoppedforawhileandthensaid,“Thankyou.””（我媽媽從來(lái)沒(méi)有對(duì)我說(shuō)過(guò)“我愛(ài)你，麗莎?！薄路疬@四個(gè)字的缺席說(shuō)明了我是誰(shuí)，所以我隨身攜帶著它，就像身上的標(biāo)簽一樣。她最后一次差點(diǎn)說(shuō)出這句話是在兩年前，當(dāng)時(shí)她打電話告訴我一個(gè)朋友住院了。我說(shuō)：“我愛(ài)你，媽媽?！彼Ａ艘粫?huì)兒，然后說(shuō)：“謝謝。”）可推知，“寡言少語(yǔ)的，內(nèi)斂的”是最能描述母女關(guān)系的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Aftercopyingitdowninmyjournal,Iemailedittomom,adding“Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.””（我把這首詩(shī)抄在日記里，用電子郵件發(fā)給了媽媽，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“這首詩(shī)讓我想起了你?！保┛芍?，作者把這首詩(shī)寄給她的媽媽是因?yàn)檫@讓她想起了媽媽的愛(ài)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ihaven'tsaiditsince,butI'vewonderedwhymymotherdoesn'tuntilI'vefoundapoemthatsupplieswordsfortheblankspacesItrytounderstandinourconversations.”（從那以后，我再也沒(méi)有說(shuō)過(guò)這句話，但我一直在想，為什么母親一直不說(shuō)，直到我找到了一首詩(shī)，為我在談話中試圖理解的空白提供了詞匯。）可知，這首詩(shī)對(duì)媽媽意味著女兒對(duì)她的理解。故選D項(xiàng)。CThecurbcut(下斜路緣).It’saconveniencethatmostofusrarely,ifever,notice.Yet,withoutit,dailylifemightbealotharder—inmorewaysthanone.Pushingababystrollerontothecurb,skateboardingontoasidewalkortakingafullgrocerycartfromthesidewalktoyourcar—allthesetasksareeasierbecauseofthecurbcut.Butitwascreatedwithadifferentpurposeinmind.It’shardtoimaginetoday,butbackinthe1970s,mostsidewalksintheUnitedStatesendedwithasharpdrop-off.Thatwasabigdealforpeopleinwheelchairsbecausetherewerenoramps(斜坡)tohelpthemmovealongcityblockswithoutassistance.Accordingtoonedisabilityrightsleader,asix-inchcurb“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”.So,activistsfromBerkeley,California,whoalsoneededwheelchairs,organizedacampaigntocreatetinyrampsatintersectionstohelppeopledependentonwheelsmoveupanddowncurbsindependently.Ithinkaboutthe“curbcuteffect”alotwhenworkingonissuesaroundhealthequity(公平).ThefirsttimeIevenheardaboutthecurbcutwasina2017StanfordSocialInnovationReviewpiecebyPolicyLinkCEOAngelaBlackwell.Blackwellrightlynotedthatmanypeopleseeequity“asazero-sumgame.”Basically,thatthereisa“prejudicedsocietalsuspicionthatintentionallysupportingonegrouphurtsanother.”Whatthecurbcuteffectshowsthough,Blackwellsaid,isthat“whensocietycreatesthecircumstancesthatallowthosewhohavebeenleftbehindtoparticipateandcontributefully,everyonewins.”Therearemultipleexamplesofthisprincipleatwork.Forexample,investinginpoliciesthatcreatemoreliving-wagejobsorincreasetheavailabilityofaffordablehousingcertainlybenefitspeopleincommunitiesthathavelimitedoptions.But,theactionalsoempowersthosepeoplewithopportunitiesforbetterhealthandthemeanstobecomecontributingmembersofsociety—andthatbenefitseveryone.Eventhefootballhuddle(圍成一團(tuán)以秘密商討)wasinitiallycreatedtohelpdeaffootballplayersatGallaudetCollegekeeptheirgameplanssecretfromopponentswhocouldhavereadtheirsignlanguage.Today,it’susedbyeveryteamtoshieldtheopponentfromlearningaboutgame-winningstrategies.So,nexttimeyoucrossthestreet,orrollyoursuitcasethroughacrosswalkorrideyourbikedirectlyontoasidewalk—thinkabouthowmuchthecurbcut,thatchangeindesignthatbrokedownwallsofexclusionforonegroupofpeopleatadisadvantage,hashelpednotjustthatgroup,butallofus.28.By“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”(paragraph3),thedisabilityrightsleaderimpliesthatasix-inchcurbmaybecome________.A.asfamousastheworld’shighestmountainB.analmostimpassablebarrierC.aconnectionbetweenpeopleD.amostunforgettablematter29.AccordingtoAngelaBlackwell,manypeoplebelievethat________.A.it’sfairtogivethedisadvantagedmorehelpthanothersB.it’simpossibletohaveeveryonebetreatedequallyC.it’snecessarytogoallouttohelpthedisabledD.it’snotworthwhiletopromotehealthequity30.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthe“curbcuteffect”principle?A.Spaceflightdesignsareappliedtolifeonearth.B.FourgreatinventionsofChinaspreadtothewest.C.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthenewworld.D.Classicliteraturegottranslatedintomanylanguages.31.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A.Everydayitemsareoriginallyinventedforpeoplewithdisabilities.B.Everyoneinasocietyshouldpursuewhatisinhisorherinterest.C.Adisabilityrightsleaderchangedthelifeofhisfellowmen.D.Caringfordisadvantagedgroupsmayfinallybenefitall.【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。6英寸長(zhǎng)的沒(méi)有斜坡的路緣對(duì)于坐輪椅的人來(lái)說(shuō)“就像珠穆朗瑪峰一樣”，而當(dāng)這個(gè)問(wèn)題解決，受益的不僅是坐輪椅的群體，還有我們所有人。這個(gè)現(xiàn)象也即是下斜路緣效應(yīng)，即當(dāng)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造條件，允許那些被落下的人充分參與和貢獻(xiàn)，每個(gè)人都是贏家?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二三句“Thatwasabigdealforpeopleinwheelchairsbecausetherewerenoramps(斜坡)tohelpthemmovealongcityblockswithoutassistance.Accordingtoonedisabilityrightsleader,asix-inchcurb“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”.(這對(duì)坐輪椅的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一件大事，因?yàn)闆](méi)有斜坡可以幫助他們?cè)跊](méi)有幫助的情況下沿著城市街區(qū)移動(dòng)。一位殘疾人權(quán)益領(lǐng)袖表示，6英寸長(zhǎng)的路緣“就像珠穆朗瑪峰一樣”。)”可知，沒(méi)有斜坡，6英寸長(zhǎng)的路緣對(duì)于坐輪椅的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)幾乎無(wú)法逾越的障礙。故選B?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三四句“Blackwellrightlynotedthatmanypeopleseeequity“asazero-sumgame.”Basically,thatthereisa“prejudicedsocietalsuspicionthatintentionallysupportingonegrouphurtsanother.”(布萊克威爾正確地指出，許多人將公平視為“零和游戲”?；旧?，有一種“有偏見(jiàn)的社會(huì)懷疑，故意支持一個(gè)群體傷害另一個(gè)群體?！?”可知，零和游戲是一方得益一方受損的局面，布萊克威爾指出很多人把下斜路緣的設(shè)計(jì)認(rèn)為是零和游戲，也即是認(rèn)為這是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的公平。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段末句“Whatthecurbcuteffectshowsthough,Blackwellsaid,isthat“whensocietycreatesthecircumstancesthatallowthosewhohavebeenleftbehindtoparticipateandcontributefully,everyonewins.”(然而，布萊克威爾說(shuō)，下斜路緣效應(yīng)表明，“當(dāng)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造條件，允許那些被落下的人充分參與和貢獻(xiàn)，每個(gè)人都是贏家?！?”第五段前三句“Therearemultipleexamplesofthisprincipleatwork.Forexample,investinginpoliciesthatcreatemoreliving-wagejobsorincreasetheavailabilityofaffordablehousingcertainlybenefitspeopleincommunitiesthathavelimitedoptions.But,theactionalsoempowersthosepeoplewithopportunitiesforbetterhealthandthemeanstobecomecontributingmembersofsociety—andthatbenefitseveryone.(以下是該原則發(fā)揮作用的多個(gè)例子。例如，投資于能夠創(chuàng)造更多生活工資崗位或增加經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房供應(yīng)的政策，肯定會(huì)使那些選擇有限的社區(qū)的人們受益。但是，這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)還使這些人有機(jī)會(huì)獲得更好的健康，并有辦法成為對(duì)社會(huì)有貢獻(xiàn)的成員，這使每個(gè)人都受益。)”可知，下斜路緣效應(yīng)指的是當(dāng)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造條件，允許那些被落下的人充分參與和貢獻(xiàn)后，最終會(huì)使每個(gè)人都受益。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“Spaceflightdesignsareappliedtolifeonearth.(航天設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用于地球上的生命。)”涉及到地球上的每一個(gè)人，能很好地解釋下斜路緣效應(yīng)。故選A。【31題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“So,nexttimeyoucrossthestreet,orrollyoursuitcasethroughacrosswalkorrideyourbikedirectlyontoasidewalk—thinkabouthowmuchthecurbcut,thatchangeindesignthatbrokedownwallsofexclusionforonegroupofpeopleatadisadvantage,hashelpednotjustthatgroup,butallofus.(所以，下次你過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候，或者你把行李箱推過(guò)人行橫道的時(shí)候，或者你騎自行車直接上人行道的時(shí)候，想想路沿的下斜，想想這種設(shè)計(jì)上的改變打破了對(duì)處于不利地位的一群人的排斥之墻，不僅幫助了這個(gè)群體，而且?guī)椭宋覀兯腥恕?”可知，路沿的下斜不僅幫助了坐輪椅的群體，而且?guī)椭宋覀兯腥?。所以，?duì)弱勢(shì)群體的關(guān)愛(ài)最終會(huì)讓所有人受益。故選D。DGentlesoundstimulation,alsoknownaspinknoise,maysignificantlyenhancedeepsleepinolderadultsandimprovetheirabilitytorecallwords,anewstudyhasfound.Deepsleepiscriticalformemoryconsolidation.However,beginninginmiddleage,deepsleepdecreasessubstantially,whichscientistsbelievecontributestomemorylossinaging.Thesoundstimulationsignificantlyenhanceddeepsleepinparticipantsandtheirscoresonamemorytest.“Thisisaninnovative,simpleandsafenon-medicationapproachthatmayhelpimprovebrainhealth,”saidPhyllisZee,professoratNorthwesternUniversityintheUS.“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsandattenuatingnormalage-relatedmemorydecline,”saidZee.Zeeandateamofresearchersgathered13adults,60andolder,andmonitoredtheirsleepinalabfortwonights.Onbothnights,theparticipantstookamemorytest,wenttobedwhilewearingheadphonesandaspecialcap,andtookanothermemorytestinthemorning.Butwithouttheparticipants’awareness,researchersonlyplayedpinknoiseintotheheadphonesononenight.Morespecifically,theytimedthesoundstomatchtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillations.Duringdeepsleep,brainwavesslowtoaboutoneoscillationpersecond,comparedtoabouttenoscillationspersecondduringwakefulness.Thesystemtheyemployedinthestudyallowedtheteamtodeliveralowburstofpinknoiseatthe“precisemoment”whentheparticipants’slowwavesrose—apatternthatisuniquetoeachperson.Thestudyfoundthatparticipants’slowwavesincreasedafterthenightofsoundstimulation,suggestingthattheyweregettingmoredeepsleep.Andonthemorningafterhearingpinknoise,theyperformedthreetimesbetteronmemoryteststhantheydidaftersleepingwithoutanysoundstimulation.Previousresearchshowedpinknoiseduringdeepsleepcouldimprovememoryconsolidationinyoungpeople.Butithasnotbeentestedinolderadults.Thenewstudytargetedolderindividualsandusedanovelsoundsystemthatincreasedtheeffectivenessofthesoundstimulationinolderpopulations.Thestudywasarelativelysmallone,sofurtherresearchisneededtoconfirmitsfindingsandtostudyhowlonger-termuseofpinknoiseaffectssleep.ButNorthwesternhastakenstepstopatenttheresearchers’technology,whichseemstohavehituponawaytostimulateslowwavesattherightmoment.Theteamhopestodevelopanaffordabledevicethatpeoplecanuseathome,fromthecomfortoftheirbeds.32.Thenewstudymainlyrevealsthat_____.A.deepsleepconsolidatesoldadults’memoryB.pinknoiseboostsmemoryamongtheelderlyC.sleepdisordersplayakeyroleinmemorylossD.soundstimulationincreasesthelengthofsleep33.Theword“attenuating”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.A.worsening B.reversing C.slowingdown D.bringingabout34.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewstudy?A.Itemployedasoundsystemprogrammedinstepwithbrainwaves.B.Itcomparedtheeffectsonolderadultsandonyoungerpopulations.C.Itrepeatedtheexperimentseveraltimeswithouttheparticipants’notice.D.Itadjustedtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillationstomatchthestimulations.35.Itcanbeinferredthattheapproachusedinthestudy_____.A.mayputoldadultsinriskinthelongrunB.hasthepotentialtobeappliedinpracticeC.requiresaninnovativeandaffordabledeviceD.needsNorthwestern’spatentforconfirmation【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，輕柔的聲音刺激，也被稱為粉紅噪音，可能會(huì)明顯改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他們回憶單詞的能力。文章介紹了研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及方法?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Gentlesoundstimulation,alsoknownaspinknoise,maysignificantlyenhancedeepsleepinolderadultsandimprovetheirabilitytorecallwords,anewstudyhasfound.(一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，輕柔的聲音刺激，也被稱為粉紅噪音，可能會(huì)明顯改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他們回憶單詞的能力)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究主要揭示了粉色噪音能提高老年人的記憶力。故選B。【33題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsand”以及后文“normalage-relatedmemorydecline”可知，這是一種潛在的工具，可以增強(qiáng)老年人的記憶，緩解與年齡有關(guān)的正常記憶衰退。故畫(huà)線詞意思是“緩解”。故選C。【34題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Morespecifically,theytimedthesoundstomatchtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillations.Duringdeepsleep,brainwavesslowtoaboutoneoscillationpersecond,comparedtoabouttenoscillationspersecondduringwakefulness.(更具體地說(shuō)，他們對(duì)聲音進(jìn)行了定時(shí)，以匹配參與者的慢波振蕩。在深度睡眠時(shí)，腦電波緩慢到大約每秒一次振蕩，而在清醒時(shí)大約每秒10次振蕩)”可知，新研究采用了一種與腦電波同步的音響系統(tǒng)。故選A。【35題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ButNorthwesternhastakenstepstopatenttheresearchers’technology,whichseemstohavehituponawaytostimulateslowwavesattherightmoment.Theteamhopestodevelopanaffordabledevicethatpeoplecanuseathome,fromthecomfortoftheirbeds.(但西北大學(xué)已經(jīng)采取措施為研究人員的技術(shù)申請(qǐng)專利，似乎找到了一種在正確的時(shí)間刺激慢波的方法。該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望開(kāi)發(fā)一種價(jià)格合理的設(shè)備，人們可以在家里舒適地躺在床上使用)”可推知，本研究中使用的方法具有應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐的潛力。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題公2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。YourBrainWasMadeForWalkingIfapresident,alegendaryphilosopher,andoneofthebestsellingauthorsofalltimecreditedthesamesecretfortheirsuccess,wouldyoutrytofollowittoo?Whatifthesecretwassomethingyoualreadyknewhowtodo?____36____.Getwalking!It’snotjustsomepeoplewhomadeacaseforitasaprimecreativitybooster.____37____AStanfordUniversitystudyfoundthatparticipantswere81percentmorecreativewhenwalkingasopposedtositting.Accordingtothestudy,walkingoutside—versusonatreadmill(跑步機(jī))—producesthemostnovelandhighestqualityanalogiesinparticipantswhowalkedandthensatdowntodocreativework.Themovementaspectofwalkingisobviouslykey.You’veprobablyheardthephrase“Exerciseyourcreativity”,whichreferstothebrainasmuscle.Ourcreativemindsetisstimulatedbyphysicalmovement.____38____Butthesceneryisalmostasimportantasthesweat.TheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurveyrevealsthatAmericansspend87percentoftheirtimeindoors.Beinginside,you’remorelikelytostagnation(停滯),theantithesisofenergy.____39____Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourhabitualsurroundingsandyourcomfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.____40____Engagemorecloselywithyoursurroundingsforthenextfourweeks.Turnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetobepresentintheworld,tohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,tonoticethewaypeoplemove.Walknotjustforexercise.Walkforwonder.A.Infact,youprobablydoiteveryday.B.Physi