四川省名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1四川省名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷第Ⅰ卷（選擇題共95分）第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Howwillthespeakersgototheairport?A．Bytaxi.B．Bysubway.C．Bybus.2．Whatdoesthemandotoplaytheviolinbetter?A．Hehasmorepractice.B．Hetakesmorelessons.C．Hehasaviolinofabetterquality.3．Inwhichcitydidthewomanstayforthelongesttime?A．Miami.B．NewYork.C．SanFrancisco.4．WherewasLukelastnight?A．Hewasathome.B．Hewasatschool.C．Hewasinaparty.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Thehomeowner.B．Therent.C．Thejob.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhydidAngelinaquitherjob?A．Shehadfoundabetterjob.B．Shewasnotlikelytobepromoted.C．Shecouldn’tgetalongwithhercolleagues.7．HowdoesAngelinasoundintheend?A．Worried.B．Disappointed.C．Motivated.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whatistheman’sproblem?A．Hemightgettheflu.B．Heisn’tgoodatcleaning.C．Hedoesn’tcomebackhomeontime.9．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Returnabook.B．Writeanovel.C．Takesomemedicine.10．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Doctorandpatient.C．Roommates.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatkindofroomdoesthemanwant?A．Adoubleroom.B．Asingleroom.C．Asuite.12．Howmuchwillthemanpayfortheroomintotal?A．$1,200.B．$1,080.C．$1,000.13．Whatisincludedintheroomrate?A．Afreetickettothepark.B．Pick-upserviceattheairport.C．Acarridethroughthepark.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14．WhatwasMrs.Hilldoingrightbeforetheflood?A．Shewasdrivingtoheroffice.B．Shewastalkingonthephone.C．Shewasworkingathome.15．WhatenabledMrs.Hilltostaycalminthedisaster?A．Shewasfullyprepared.B．Theflooddidn’tlastlong.C．Herhusbandwasatherside.16．Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A．Aweatherman.B．Ajournalist.C．Arescueworker.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Enjoyingashow.B．Introducingafestival.C．Hostingacompetition.18．Whatwillthecompetitorsdointhebeginning?A．Gatheratthestands.B．Preparedishes.C．Mourn.19．Howmuchtimewilleachparticipanthaveintotalbeforebeingevaluated?A．40minutes.B．30minutes.C．10minutes.20．Whowillreceivesomecashthroughthecompetition?A．Thefirst-placewinner.B．Thesecond-placewinner.C．Thethird-placewinner.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAMAZONCHARTSAtomicHabits:AnEasy&ProvenWaytoBuildGoodHabits&BreakBadOnes$14.99JamesClear(Author,Narrator)ThenumberoneNewYorkTimesbestseller.Overonemillioncopiessold!TinyChanges,RemarkableResults.Whateveryourgoals,AtomicHabitsoffersaprovenframeworkforimprovingeveryday.Learnhowto:●Maketimefornewhabits.●Overcomealackofmotivationandwillpower.●Designyourenvironmenttomakesuccesseasier.LonelyPlanetSwitzerland$19.94NicolaWilliams(Author)plusotherfiveNationalmostpopulartravelguide.LonelyPlanet’slocaltravelexpertsrevealallyouneedtoknowtoplanthetripofalifetimetoSwitzerland.Createatripthat’suniquelyyoursandgettotheheartofthisextraordinarycountrywiththisbook.●Ourclassicguidebookformatprovidesyouwiththemostcomprehensivelevelofinformationforplanningmulti-weektrips.●Getfreshtakesonmust-visitsightsincludingtheFirstCliffWalkatGrindelwald.●SpecialfeaturesonhikingtheAletsch.FromHeretotheGreatUnknown:AMemoir$18.60LisaMariePresley(Author)Nationalbestseller.LisaMariePresleytellsherwholestoryforthefirsttimeinthisraw,riveting,one-of-a-kindmemoirfaithfullycompletedbyherdaughter,RileyKeough.ThisextraordinarybookiswritteninbothLisaMarie’sandRiley’svoices,amotheranddaughtercommunicating—fromthisworldtotheonebeyond—astheytrytohealeachother.Profoundlymovinganddeeplyrevealing,itisabooklikenoother—thelastwordsoftheonlychildofanAmericanicon.PleaselogonourwebsiteAformoreinformationanddiscountsaboutthebooks.1.WhomightfindAtomicHabitshelpful?A.Tomaswantingtobetterhikingskills. B.Harleyupsetbyhisseriouslyillmother.C.Johnplanningafamilyweekendgetaway. D.Catherineeagertoquitnetworkaddiction.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLonelyPlanetSwitzerland?A.Usefulandpractical. B.Engagingandinsightful.C.Fictionalandentertaining. D.Informativeandacademic.3.Whatdoesthepassageserveas?A.Anotice. B.Anadvertisement. C.Aguidance. D.Anintroduction.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了三本暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)籍?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)AtomicHabits:AnEasy&ProvenWaytoBuildGoodHabits&BreakBadOnes中關(guān)鍵信息“Learnhowto:Overcomealackofmotivationandwillpower.(學(xué)習(xí)如何：克服缺乏動(dòng)力和意志力的問(wèn)題)”可知，AtomicHabits幫助人如何克服缺乏動(dòng)力和意志力，打破壞習(xí)慣，建立好習(xí)慣，因此，渴望戒除網(wǎng)癮的凱瑟琳可能會(huì)覺(jué)得這本書(shū)有用。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)LonelyPlanetSwitzerland中“LonelyPlanet’slocaltravelexpertsrevealallyouneedtoknowtoplanthetripofalifetimetoSwitzerland.(《孤獨(dú)星球·瑞士》的當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螌?zhuān)家為你揭示了在瑞士計(jì)劃一生之旅所需要知道的一切)”及“Ourclassicguidebookformatprovidesyouwiththemostcomprehensivelevelofinformationforplanningmulti-weektrips.(我們的經(jīng)典指南格式為您提供最全面的信息，以計(jì)劃多周的旅行)”可知，《孤獨(dú)星球·瑞士》能提供旅行需要的全面信息，所以是有用和實(shí)用的。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。本文介紹了三本書(shū)籍信息，包括內(nèi)容，價(jià)格，作者等，再結(jié)合最后一段“PleaselogonourwebsiteAformoreinformationanddiscountsaboutthebooks.(請(qǐng)登錄我們的網(wǎng)站A了解更多的信息和關(guān)于書(shū)籍的折扣)”可知，本文為亞馬遜網(wǎng)站的廣告。故選B。BIwritethisonaspringmorning,inthevanIhavecalledhomefortwoyearsnow.Fromonesmallwindow,IhaveaviewofjoggerspoundingthesunnypathbytheOxfordCanal,andtheotherlooksontothebusyrailwaylinealongwhichtrainstravelfromSouthamptonDockstoBirmingham.ThewoodswhereI’veparkedmyvanhavegrownupbetweenthem.Thisancientvan,avehicledesignedforfreedomandtheopenroad,hasprovedastablesolutionforsurvivingthecurrenthousingcrisis.Ibecameatravelwriteraftermystudiesended,committingtobrief“residencies”withmuseumsandartcentres—wheretemporaryaccommodationisoftenprovidedinexchangeforproducingnewworkaboutacommunity.Overtheyearsthatfollowed,livingandworkingonlocationinthepolarregionsorScandinaviaortheAlps,notsettlingdownforverylong,meantwhereverIlandedwasalways“home”.Ittakesasurprisingamountofworktokeepatinyhomeinorder:buyingausedvanonline;ensuringthesmoothrunningofagascookerandcarbatteries;fetchingwaterandemptyingthemobiletoilet.Ibegantoenjoytakingcareofmyimmediatesurroundings.Overthesummer,Iworkedtoturnwildernessintoawildgarden,replacingweedswithwildplants.Imadefriendswiththeself-sufficientboaterslivingnearby,alwaysreadytoshareknowledgeonthelow-carbonsimplicityoflifewithoutelectricity.I’velearntthatcomfortcanbefoundawayfromthebrightinfrastructureofurbanlife:inwatchingthebirdsthatnestinthetreeandthefoxesplayinginthewoodsatdawn,inmakingacupofcoffeeonaspringmorning.Mystepawayfromconventionalhousinghasbeenanecessaryactofpersonaleconomy,butthebenefitsincludetakingnothingforgranted,andunexpecteddelight.4.Whydidtheauthorchoosetoliveinthevan?A.Todesignvehicles. B.Togetclosetonature.C.Tobecomeatravelwriter. D.Toeasepersonalfinancialpressure.5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofmakingatinyhomeproperlyorganized?A.Costly. B.Risky. C.Demanding. D.Boring.6.Whatcanweknowaboutthelocalboaters?A.Theyliveinharmonywithanimals. B.Theymayadvocatelivingwithless.C.Theyareexpertatinteractingwithpeople. D.Theyfeelcomfortablelivinginthemountain.7.Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor’sexperience?A.Lookbeforeyouleap. B.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.C.Heknowsmostwhospeaksleast. D.Everydisadvantagehasitsadvantage.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為旅行作家以面包車(chē)為家的體驗(yàn)和感受?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thisancientvan,avehicledesignedforfreedomandtheopenroad,hasprovedastablesolutionforsurvivingthecurrenthousingcrisis.(這種古老的貨車(chē)，一種為自由和開(kāi)放道路而設(shè)計(jì)的車(chē)輛，被證明是在當(dāng)前的住房危機(jī)中生存下來(lái)的一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的解決方案)”可知，作者選擇住在貨車(chē)?yán)锸菫榱司徑鈧€(gè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Ittakesasurprisingamountofworktokeepatinyhomeinorder:buyingausedvanonline;ensuringthesmoothrunningofagascookerandcarbatteries;fetchingwaterandemptyingthemobiletoilet.Ibegantoenjoytakingcareofmyimmediatesurroundings.Overthesummer,Iworkedtoturnwildernessintoawildgarden,replacingweedswithwildplants.(要把一個(gè)小小的家打理得井井有條，工作量驚人：在網(wǎng)上買(mǎi)一輛二手貨車(chē)；確保煤氣灶和汽車(chē)電池順利運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；打水和排空移動(dòng)廁所。我開(kāi)始喜歡照顧我周?chē)沫h(huán)境。整個(gè)夏天，我努力把荒野變成一個(gè)野生花園，用野生植物取代雜草)”可知，作者認(rèn)為妥善安排一個(gè)小型家庭讓其井井有條需要很多工作，要求很高。故選C。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Imadefriendswiththeself-sufficientboaterslivingnearby,alwaysreadytoshareknowledgeonthelow-carbonsimplicityoflifewithoutelectricity.I’velearntthatcomfortcanbefoundawayfromthebrightinfrastructureofurbanlife:inwatchingthebirdsthatnestinthetreeandthefoxesplayinginthewoodsatdawn,inmakingacupofcoffeeonaspringmorning.(我與附近的自給自足的船民交上了朋友，他們總是樂(lè)于分享在沒(méi)有電力的情況下過(guò)著低碳簡(jiǎn)樸生活的知識(shí)。我明白了，舒適感可以在遠(yuǎn)離城市亮麗的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的地方找到：比如在清晨觀察棲息在樹(shù)上的鳥(niǎo)兒和在樹(shù)林里嬉戲的狐貍，比如在一個(gè)春天的早晨煮一杯咖啡)”可知，當(dāng)?shù)氐拇癯珜?dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單生活，減少物質(zhì)依賴(lài)。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Mystepawayfromconventionalhousinghasbeenanecessaryactofpersonaleconomy,butthebenefitsincludetakingnothingforgranted,andunexpecteddelight.(我遠(yuǎn)離傳統(tǒng)住房的行為是一種必要的個(gè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)行為，但其中的益處包括不認(rèn)為任何事情是理所當(dāng)然的，以及意想不到的快樂(lè))”可知，作者因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)住在貨車(chē)?yán)?，但是卻獲得了收獲和快樂(lè)，因此，每一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)都有它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，D選項(xiàng)符合作者的經(jīng)歷描述。故選D。CTakecareofyourplants!Theymay“scream”ifyoutreatthembadly.Althoughthisisanexaggeration,plantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressed,accordingtoarecentpaperpublishedinCell.“Plantsinteractwithinsectsandotheranimalsallthetime,andmanyoftheseorganismsusesoundforcommunication,soitwouldbeverysuboptimalforplantsnottousesoundatall,”LilachHadany,co-authorofthestudy,toldScienceFocus.Withthisinmind,theresearchteamstartedbyrecordingplants’sounds.Theyplacedtobaccoandtomatoplantsinsoundproofboxestoshutoffthenoiseintheenvironment.Severalultrasonicmicrophoneswerethenputneartheplants,whichcanrecordatfrequenciesbetween20and250kilohertz.Themaximumfrequencythatahumanadult’searcanhearisabout16kilohertz.Therewerethreegroupsofplants:Onegroupwasn’twateredforfivedays,anothergrouphadthestemscutoffandthelastgroupwasuntouched.Themicrophonescaughtsoundsatafrequencyof40to80kilohertzfromthefirsttwogroups.Thesound,whichwassimilartothenoiseofpopcornpoppingwhen“translated”intoafrequencyhumanscanhear,grewlouderandlouderduringthefivedaysofwaterstress.Theythenbegantodeclineastheplantsdriedout.Theresearchersfoundthatastressedplantproducedthepoppingsoundaround30to50timesperhour,whiletheuntouchedgrouponlyproducedaroundonceperhour,accordingtothestudy.Theresearchershaven’tyetdiscoveredhowthesoundsaremade.Onetheoryisthattheycouldbemadeduringcavitation(氣穴現(xiàn)象),whichisaprocessofanairbubbleintheplantcollapsingundersomekindofpressure.Aftertheexperiment,theteamgatheredthedataonstressedplantsandthenmademachine-learningsoftwarethatcouldtellhowplants“feel”.Itcoulddifferentiatebetweenunstressedplants,thirstyplantsandcutplants,whichcanbeusefulforfarmersinmonitoringtheconditionsoftheircrops.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suboptimal”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Unfavorable. B.Accessible. C.Reasonable. D.Doubtful.9.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?A.Driedplantsmakeloudersound.B.Untouchedplantswon’tproducesound.C.Themorestressedplantscrywithhigherfrequency.D.Plants’soundissimilartothenoiseofpopcornpopping.10.Howdidtheresearchersgetthefindings?A.Reference—modeling—conclusion. B.Reference—consulting—conclusion.C.Assumption—analyzing—conclusion. D.Assumption—experimenting—conclusion.11.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Relievingplants’pressure. B.Regulatingcrops’state.C.Classifyingplantspecies. D.Increasingcropproduction.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于植物在受到壓力時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出聲音的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“Plantsinteractwithinsectsandotheranimalsallthetime,andmanyoftheseorganismsusesoundforcommunication(植物一直與昆蟲(chóng)和其他動(dòng)物相互作用，其中許多生物使用聲音進(jìn)行交流)”可知，植物一直與其他動(dòng)物相互作用，而其中許多生物使用聲音進(jìn)行交流，所以植物根本不使用聲音是非常不理想的，推知suboptimal應(yīng)是“不理想的”和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatastressedplantproducedthepoppingsoundaround30to50timesperhour,whiletheuntouchedgrouponlyproducedaroundonceperhour,accordingtothestudy.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，受壓力的植物每小時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出30到50次的爆裂聲，而未受壓力的植物每小時(shí)只會(huì)發(fā)出一次)”可知，壓力越大的植物哭的頻率越高。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段““Plantsinteractwithinsectsandotheranimalsallthetime,andmanyoftheseorganismsusesoundforcommunication,soitwouldbeverysuboptimalforplantsnottousesoundatall,”LilachHadany,co-authorofthestudy,toldScienceFocus.(“植物一直與昆蟲(chóng)和其他動(dòng)物相互作用，其中許多生物使用聲音進(jìn)行交流，所以植物根本不使用聲音是非常不理想的，”該研究的合著者LilachHadany告訴ScienceFocus)”可知，研究人員先提出假設(shè)，根據(jù)第二段“Withthisinmind,theresearchteamstartedbyrecordingplants’sounds.(考慮到這一點(diǎn)，研究小組從記錄植物的聲音開(kāi)始)”以及第三段內(nèi)容可知，研究人員開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatastressedplantproducedthepoppingsoundaround30to50timesperhour,whiletheuntouchedgrouponlyproducedaroundonceperhour,accordingtothestudy.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，受壓力的植物每小時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出30到50次的爆裂聲，而未受壓力的植物每小時(shí)只會(huì)發(fā)出一次)”可知，最后得出結(jié)論。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aftertheexperiment,theteamgatheredthedataonstressedplantsandthenmademachine-learningsoftwarethatcouldtellhowplants“feel”.Itcoulddifferentiatebetweenunstressedplants,thirstyplantsandcutplants,whichcanbeusefulforfarmersinmonitoringtheconditionsoftheircrops.(實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后，研究小組收集了壓力植物的數(shù)據(jù)，然后制作了機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)軟件，可以告訴植物“感覺(jué)”如何。它可以區(qū)分未受脅迫的植物、口渴的植物和被割下的植物，這對(duì)農(nóng)民監(jiān)測(cè)作物的生長(zhǎng)狀況很有用)”可知，研究的意義是調(diào)節(jié)作物狀態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。DThehumanbrainisapowerfulnaturalcomputerthathasevolvedovertensofthousandsofyears.Butwhatwouldyougetifyoucombinedthisbiologicalcomputerwitharealone?ResearchersatIndianaUniversityBloomingtonintheUShavelinkedhumanbrain-liketissuestoanelectronicchip,whichcanperformsimplecomputertasks.Theircreation,namedBrainoware,ispartofagrowingfieldcalledbiologicalcomputingthatmightonedayoutperformcurrentcomputers,accordingtoNature.Thebrain-liketissuestheresearchersused,alsoknownasbrainorganoids(類(lèi)器官),weren’tpartofalivingperson’sbrain.Theywere“grown”fromhumanstemcells,whicharecapableofproducingdifferenttypesofcellsandformingbodytissues.Ittooktwomonthsforthestemcellstomatureintoanorganoid.Theresearchersthenplacedoneorganoidontoanelectronicchipwiththousandsofelectrodes(電極).Althoughorganoidsaremuchsimplerandsmallerthananactualbrain,theyactsimilarlytohumanbrains,suchasrespondingtoelectricalsignals,whichiswhatourbraindoesallthetime.Theseresponsesleadtochangesinthebrain,whichfuelourabilitytolearn.TotestBrainoware,theresearchersuseditforvoicerecognitionbytrainingitwith240Japaneserecordingsspokenbyeightspeakers.Theyfoundthattheorganoidreacteddifferentlytowardeachvoice.Withanaccuracyof78percent,itsuccessfullyidentifiedthespeakersbyshowingdifferentneuralactivities.What’sspecialaboutBrainowareisthatresearcherscantakeadvantageoftheorganoid’scomplexitywithoutunderstandingitscellnetworks,accordingtoDailyMail.Inotherwords,scientistsdon’tneedtoknowexactlyhowtheorganoidworksinordertouseit.Accordingtotheresearchers’workpublishedinDecember,combiningorganoidsandelectronicchipscouldincreasethespeedandefficiencyofAIinthefuture.Also,suchmodelscanbeusedtostudyhumanbrains,accordingtoNature.UsingBrainowaretomodelandstudyneurologicaldisorders,suchasAlzheimer’sdisease,isoneexample.Itcouldalsobeusedtotesttheeffectsofdifferenttreatmentsforsuchdiseases.“Thatiswherethepromiseis:usingthesetoonedayhopefullyreplaceanimalmodelsofthebrain,”ArtiAhluwalia,aresearcherinItaly,toldNature.12.What’sthefunctionofthequestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Topresentanargument. B.Tocollectdifferentanswers.C.Tointroducetherelevanttopic. D.Toaddthebackgroundinformation.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheorganoids?A.Theyarepartofbiologicalcomputing.B.Theyhavetheabilitytoproducevarioustypesofcells.C.Theyneedtwomonthstofullydevelopfromthestemcells.D.Theyaresimilartohumanbrainsbutmuchsimplerandlarger.14.WhatcanBrainowarebeappliedtoaccordingtotheresearch?A.Evaluationoftreatmenteffect. B.Preventionofneurologicaldiseases.C.Researchonhumanandanimalbrains. D.Improvementonartificialintelligence.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Brainoware:FromMindtoMachineB.ElectronicChips:BiologicalComputingC.TheHumanBrain:APowerfulNaturalComputerD.BrainOrganoids:FromStemCellstoSmallerBrains【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。美國(guó)印第安納大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種名為Brainoware的技術(shù)，將類(lèi)似人腦的組織與電子芯片相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算任務(wù)，如聲音識(shí)別，為生物計(jì)算領(lǐng)域帶來(lái)了新進(jìn)展?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thehumanbrainisapowerfulnaturalcomputerthathasevolvedovertensofthousandsofyears.Butwhatwouldyougetifyoucombinedthisbiologicalcomputerwitharealone?(人類(lèi)的大腦是一臺(tái)強(qiáng)大的自然計(jì)算機(jī)，已經(jīng)進(jìn)化了數(shù)萬(wàn)年。但是如果你把這個(gè)生物計(jì)算機(jī)和一個(gè)真正的計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)，你會(huì)得到什么呢？)”以及下文可知，本文主要講述了美國(guó)印第安納大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種名為Brainoware的技術(shù)，將類(lèi)似人腦的組織與電子芯片相結(jié)合，所以本段提問(wèn)是介紹相關(guān)話題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thebrain-liketissuestheresearchersused,alsoknownasbrainorganoids(類(lèi)器官),weren’tpartofalivingperson’sbrain.Theywere“grown”fromhumanstemcells,whicharecapableofproducingdifferenttypesofcellsandformingbodytissues.(研究人員使用的類(lèi)腦組織，也被稱(chēng)為腦類(lèi)器官，并不是活人大腦的一部分。它們是從人類(lèi)干細(xì)胞中“培養(yǎng)”出來(lái)的，這些干細(xì)胞能夠產(chǎn)生不同類(lèi)型的細(xì)胞并形成身體組織)”以及第四段“Ittooktwomonthsforthestemcellstomatureintoanorganoid.(干細(xì)胞花了兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間成熟為類(lèi)器官)”可知，類(lèi)器官需要兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間從干細(xì)胞完全發(fā)育。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Accordingtotheresearchers’workpublishedinDecember,combiningorganoidsandelectronicchipscouldincreasethespeedandefficiencyofAIinthefuture.(根據(jù)研究人員去年12月發(fā)表的研究成果，將類(lèi)器官和電子芯片結(jié)合起來(lái)，未來(lái)可以提高人工智能的速度和效率)”可知，根據(jù)研究，brainware可以應(yīng)用于人工智能的改進(jìn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ResearchersatIndianaUniversityBloomingtonintheUShavelinkedhumanbrain-liketissuestoanelectronicchip,whichcanperformsimplecomputertasks.Theircreation,namedBrainoware,ispartofagrowingfieldcalledbiologicalcomputingthatmightonedayoutperformcurrentcomputers,accordingtoNature.(國(guó)印第安納大學(xué)布盧明頓分校的研究人員將類(lèi)似人腦的組織與電子芯片連接起來(lái)，該芯片可以執(zhí)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算機(jī)任務(wù)。據(jù)《自然》雜志報(bào)道，他們的發(fā)明名為Brainoware，是生物計(jì)算這一新興領(lǐng)域的一部分，有朝一日可能會(huì)超越目前的計(jì)算機(jī))”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了美國(guó)印第安納大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種名為Brainoware的技術(shù)，將類(lèi)似人腦的組織與電子芯片相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算任務(wù)，所以A項(xiàng)“Brainoware:FromMindtoMachine(Brainoware：從思維到機(jī)器)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)Howtoavoidfallingsunkcostfallacies(繆論)?Asunkcostisanexpensethatcannotberecoveredbyadditionalspendingorinvestment.Theterm“sunkcostfallacy”mightnotsoundfamiliar,butyou’velikelyfallenvictimtoit.Maybeyou’vecontinuedwatchingamovieyoudidn’tlikesimplybecauseyoualreadyboughtaticket.___16___Reflectonyouremotions.Makingsound,logicaldecisionsrequiresself-reflection.Assessyourfeelingsandgoalsandallowthemtoinformyouractions.___17___,themorelikelyyou’llmakedecisionswiththesefactorsinmind.Theself-reflectionprocesshelpsyouunderstandyourdecision-makingstyleandhowyouweighyouroptions.___18___It’seasytogetcaughtupinemotionsinthepresent.Trytoworkaroundyourcurrentfeelingsbyfocusingonwhichdecisionwillbringyouthemostvaluedowntheroad.Makingaprosandconslistforfuturedecisionscanhelpyouuncoverwhichchoicewillbringmorevaluetoyourlife.SeekobjectiveadviceEvenwhenyoufollowtheabovestepstoweighadecision,youmightneedanoutsideopiniontohelpconfirmyou’renotblindedbyyourownemotions.___19___Expressyourfeelingsandconcerns,andaskthemforhonestfeedback.Attheendoftheday,you’restillhuman.___20___Havingsunkcostsintoaprojectdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogodownwiththeship.It’showyoudebateyouroptionsandrespondthatmatters.A.ThemoreawareyouareB.ThemoreemotionalyouareC.ConfrontyouremotionalattachmentD.EvaluatedecisionsbasedonfuturevalueE.HerearesometipstopreventyourownsunkcostfallaciesF.TryrunningyourideathroughatrustedfamilymemberorfriendG.Mostpeoplearelikelytobeinfluencedbysunkcostfallacies,andthat’sOK【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.F20.G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何避免陷入沉沒(méi)成本謬誤，給出了具體的建議和方法?！?6題詳析】設(shè)空位于首段段尾，一般是引出出題的作用，根據(jù)本文標(biāo)題“Howtoavoidfallingsunkcostfallacies(繆論)?(如何避免沉沒(méi)成本謬誤？)”可知，E項(xiàng)“Herearesometipstopreventyourownsunkcostfallacies(這里有一些建議可以防止你自己的沉沒(méi)成本謬誤)”點(diǎn)出本文主題，引出下文。故選E項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Makingsound,logicaldecisionsrequiresself-reflection.Assessyourfeelingsandgoalsandallowthemtoinformyouractions.(做出合理合理的決定需要自我反省。評(píng)估你的感受和目標(biāo)，讓它們指引你的行動(dòng))”可知，本段講述需要弄清自己的意識(shí)，所以A項(xiàng)“Themoreawareyouare(你意識(shí)得越清楚)”符合本段主題，并和后文“themorelikelyyou’llmakedecisionswiththesefactorsinmind.(你就越有可能在做決定時(shí)考慮到這些因素)”構(gòu)成固定搭配：themore...,themore...意為“越……就越……”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】分析設(shè)空，為本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“It’seasytogetcaughtupinemotionsinthepresent.Trytoworkaroundyourcurrentfeelingsbyfocusingonwhichdecisionwillbringyouthemostvaluedowntheroad.Makingaprosandconslistforfuturedecisionscanhelpyouuncoverwhichchoicewillbringmorevaluetoyourlife.(現(xiàn)在很容易陷入情緒之中。試著繞開(kāi)你現(xiàn)在的感覺(jué)，把注意力集中在哪個(gè)決定會(huì)給你帶來(lái)最大的價(jià)值上。為未來(lái)的決定做一個(gè)利弊清單可以幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些選擇會(huì)給你的生活帶來(lái)更多的價(jià)值)”可知，本段主要講述為未來(lái)的決定做一個(gè)利弊清單可以幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些選擇會(huì)給你的生活帶來(lái)更多的價(jià)值，所以D項(xiàng)“Evaluatedecisionsbasedonfuturevalue(基于未來(lái)價(jià)值評(píng)估決策)”符合本段主題。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Evenwhenyoufollowtheabovestepstoweighadecision,youmightneedanoutsideopiniontohelpconfirmyou’renotblindedbyyourownemotions.(即使你按照上面的步驟來(lái)權(quán)衡一個(gè)決定，你也可能需要一個(gè)外界的意見(jiàn)來(lái)幫助確認(rèn)你沒(méi)有被自己的情緒蒙蔽)”可知，本段主要講述尋求客觀的建議，所以F項(xiàng)“Tryrunningyourideathroughatrustedfamilymemberorfriend(試著把你的想法告訴你信任的家人或朋友)”符合本段主題，并引出下文“Expressyourfeelingsandconcerns,andaskthemforhonestfeedback.(表達(dá)你的感受和擔(dān)憂(yōu)，并要求他們誠(chéng)實(shí)的反饋)”。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Attheendoftheday,you’restillhuman.(說(shuō)到底，你還是個(gè)人類(lèi))”，以及后文“Havingsunkcostsintoaprojectdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogodownwiththeship.It’showyoudebateyouroptionsandrespondthatmatters.(在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中投入成本并不意味著你必須隨波逐流。重要的是你如何討論你的選擇和回應(yīng))”可知，此處對(duì)前文作總結(jié)，講述沉沒(méi)成本不可避免，所以G項(xiàng)“Mostpeoplearelikelytobeinfluencedbysunkcostfallacies,andthat’sOK(大多數(shù)人可能會(huì)受到沉沒(méi)成本謬論的影響，這沒(méi)關(guān)系)”符合本段主題。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IwassittingbesideTiminmyartclasswhenMr.Phoenixdeclaredanewassignment.Ingroups,weweretomakeaposter.Wegotdownthenamesofthreeclassmateswe___21___inourgroup.Iwasatopall-roundstudentandTimwasoneofthefewsociably___22___classmatesintheclass.Sowewoulddeservedlybeinthesamegroup.Thenextday,Mr.Phoenixstartedtocalloutnames.Whenhe___23___groupthree,Tim’snamewascalledtogetherwiththeotherthree.___24___,mynamewasincludedingroupfour:“Romulo,Palacios,Jones,Felipe.”Icouldfeelthetears___25___inmyeyes.HowcouldIfacebeinginthatgroup—theboy___26___speakingEnglish,theonegirlalwayscoveredbyodd-lookingskirts,andtheothergirloftenwearingworn-outclothes.Theywereconsideredmisfits(不合群的人)!Iheldbacktearsandexpressedmy___27___.“IwassupposedtobeingroupthreewithTim.”Mr.Phoenixlookedatme___28___.“Iknowyourexpectation,butIwantyoutohaveagoand___29___fromit.”Reluctantly,Ijoinedthegroup.Atfirst,Ifoundmyselfstrugglingto___30___thembecauseofcompletelydifferentinterests.Bymidweek,Ifeltmyself___31___thecompanyofthem.Romulo___32___hisloveforsoccer,Palaciosshowedmeher___33___forart,andJonesintroducedmetoherinterestinscience.What’smore,our___34___perspectivesontheassignmentaddedafreshdimensiontoourpresentation.Itdawnedonmethatbeinginagroupwithdiverseindividualscanbea___35___experience.21.A.worried B.suspected C.desired D.disliked22.A.well-conducted B.good-tempered C.big-headed D.absent-minded23.A.judged B.announced C.interviewed D.instructed24.A.Hopefully B.Sadly C.Luckily D.Interestingly25.A.well B.drop C.stop D.rest26.A.often B.hardly C.never D.frequently27.A.discontent B.excuse C.tricks D.duties28.A.secretly B.desperately C.gently D.coldly29.A.escape B.suffer C.recover D.benefit30.A.catchupwith B.takecareof C.makeupfor D.fitinwith31.A.refusing B.enjoying C.keeping D.avoiding32.A.voiced B.hid C.quit D.forgot33.A.confusion B.shift C.passion D.excuse34.A.original B.confusing C.ordinary D.unique35.A.complex B.terrible C.rewarding D.painful【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.B25.A26.B27.A28.C29.D30.D31.B32.A33.C34.D35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者在藝術(shù)課上被分到一個(gè)與自己期望不同的小組，起初感到不滿(mǎn)和掙扎，但隨后逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)小組的獨(dú)特魅力和價(jià)值，最終認(rèn)識(shí)到與不同個(gè)體組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)可以帶來(lái)豐富和有益的經(jīng)歷。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們記下了三個(gè)我們渴望加入我們小組的同學(xué)的名字。A.worried擔(dān)心；B.suspected懷疑；C.desired渴望；D.disliked不喜歡。根據(jù)前文“Ingroups,weweretomakeaposter.”可知，作者全班要被分組制作海報(bào)，所以此處應(yīng)是寫(xiě)下渴望加入我們小組的同學(xué)的名字。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個(gè)全能的優(yōu)等學(xué)生，而Tim是班上為數(shù)不多的善于交際的好同學(xué)之一。A.well-conducted有教養(yǎng)的；B.good-tempered脾氣好的；C.big-headed自負(fù)的；D.absent-minded心不在焉的。根據(jù)前文“Iwasatopall-roundstudent”以及后文“Sowewoulddeservedlybeinthesamegroup.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己會(huì)和Tim分在一組，所以應(yīng)是認(rèn)為他和自己一樣是好學(xué)生，所以是有教養(yǎng)的。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他宣布第三組時(shí)，蒂姆的名字和其他三個(gè)人一起被叫到。A.judged判斷；B.announced宣布；C.interviewed采訪；D.instructed指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)前文“Thenextday,Mr.Phoenixstartedtocalloutnames.”可知，Mr.Phoenix開(kāi)始宣布名單。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：遺憾的是，我的名字被列入了第四組：“Romulo,Palacios,Jones,Felipe.”A.Hopefully充滿(mǎn)希望地；B.Sadly悲傷地；C.Luckily幸運(yùn)地；D.Interestingly有趣地。根據(jù)后文“Icouldfeelthetearsinmyeyes.”可知，作者流淚了，所以是悲傷的。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我能感覺(jué)到淚水在我的眼眶里打轉(zhuǎn)。A.well溢出；B.drop下降；C.stop停止；D.rest休息。根據(jù)下文“Theywereconsideredmisfits(不合群的人)!”可知，作者被分到和不合群的人一組，所以傷心的流出眼淚。故選A想?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我怎么能面對(duì)那群人——男孩幾乎不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，一個(gè)女孩總是穿著奇形怪狀的裙子，另一個(gè)女孩經(jīng)常穿著破舊的衣服。A.often經(jīng)常；B.hardly幾乎不；C.never從不；D.frequently頻繁地。根據(jù)后文“Theywereconsideredmisfits(不合群的人)!”可知，他們都是不合群的人，推知男孩是幾乎不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析