湖北省市級(jí)示范高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題

湖北省市級(jí)示范高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟2024年秋季高三年級(jí)12月聯(lián)考英語試題本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，用簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillChrisdonext?A.Drinksomecoffee. B.WatchtheWorldCup. C.Gotosleep.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Chris,youarealright?M:Yeah,I’mjustabitsleepy.TheWorldCupfinallastnight,youknow.W:Sure.Wantsomecoffee?M:Iwouldn’tsayno.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Relatives. B.Classmates. C.Strangers.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,couldyoupossiblymoveyourcarforwardabitsoIcangetmineout?M:Justasecond.Isitokaynow?Doyouneedanyhelp?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheman’ssuggestion?A.Negative. B.Tolerant. C.Favorable.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wow!Thesedogsaresoadorable.Canwetakeone?MyfriendJoyhasacat.W:No,Bill.I’mafraidwecan’t.Weliveinasmallapartment.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A.He’ssmartforhisage.B.He’sdifficulttogetalongwith.C.He’sunwillingtostudy.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Well,isTomdoingwellinschoolthesedays？M:Oh,well.Likeboysathisageyouknow.Ican’tgethimtodohishomeworkwithoutastruggle.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatdidKevindoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.C.Hecleaneduphishouse.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Kevin.Ididn’tseeyouatthepoolyesterday.Whathappened？M:Oh,mygrandparentscameovertomyplaceforavisit.Igottheideatointerviewthem,andIsawhowmuchtheylovedbeinglistenedto.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?A.Janet. B.DaviD. C.Peter.7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?A.ThisWednesday. B.NextMonday. C.ThisFriday.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Peter,Idon’tknowifJanethastoldyou,butWednesdayafternoon’ssalesmeetingiscancelled.M:Oh,yeah?Whenisournextmeetingthen?W:EitherthisFridaymorningornextMondayafternoon.JanetischeckingDavid’sschedule.M:Whydon’twehaveitthisFriday?I’llbeawayonabusinesstripnextweek.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Travelexperiences. B.Vacationplans. C.Favoriteseasons.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Findasummerjob. B.Gotothebeach. C.MovetoWashington.【答案】8.B9.B【解析】【原文】W:IjustboughtatickettoNewYork.I’msoexcitedtoseethecity.M:Goodforyou.Whenareyouleaving？W:Nextweek.I’mtakingtheredeyeflight.It’scheaper.M:NewYorkCityisamagicalplace.You’llhavesomuchfun.W:Ihopeso.I’llstayforaweekandthentakethetraindowntoWashington,D.C.M:Thatsoundslikeagreatvacation.I’mlookingforwardtoaweekatthebeachformysummervacation.Ijustwanttorelax.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.B.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.C.Therearemorementhanwomen.11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?A.$453billion. B.$990billion. C.$1,500billion.12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?A.AnotebyMarkTwain. B.Asoftwarepackage. C.Anadventurenovel.【答案】10.C11.A12.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,George.I’vejustheardthenews.Americansarenotjustshoppingonline,theyarebuyingexpensiveproductsontheInternet.NearlythreeoutoftenonlineshoppersintheUnitedStateshaveboughtaproductthatcostsathousanddollarsormore.Thosebigonlinespendersaremuchmorelikelytobementhanwomen.M:I’mnotsurprised.Youknow,menareusuallytheearlyadopterswhenitestotechnology.W:Ican’timaginethatbackinthe1990sonlineshoppingwasn’tjustawkward,itfeltrisky.Peoplewereafraidtogiveouttheircreditcardnumbers.Theyworriedifproductsdidn’tarriveintime.M:ButnowpeoplearetalkingabouttheexplosioninInternetshopping.W:“Yes,indeed.”Lastyear,U.S.shoppersspentS453billioninshoppingonline,andmanyofthemwentbig.Whatdidtheybuy?Justaboutanything.M:Well,Iamnoexception.LastSunday,IpurchasedashortnotethatMarkTwainhadwrittenregardingamissingpackage,andIpaidabout$1,500forit.W:You’rereallyamoreadventurousonlineshopperthanme.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?A.Visitingamuseum. B.WatchingTV. C.Studying.14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?A.Togivethanks. B.Toaskforhelp. C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?A.Seeanexhibition. B.Buyanewcellphone. C.Takepicturesofthesnow.16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Gotoapark. B.Playfootball. C.Attendaparty.【答案】13.B14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:HiRichard,thisisSusan.M:HiSusan.W:Whatareyoudoing?M:JustwatchingTV.Prettybored.You?W:Well,IwasplanningtogotothesciencemuseumtodaywithElaine,butitsnowed.M:IhopeitsnowsallnightbecauseIdon’twanttogotoschooltomorrow.W:Doyouknowanyonewhohasacamera?Ileftmineathome.Iwanttotakepicturesofallthissnow.M:No,Idon’t.Butwhydon’tyouuseyourcellphonetotakepictures?W:Well,Idon’tthinkcellphonesdoagoodjob.Iwanttotakesomereallynicepicturesofthiswonderfulsnowscene.Youknow,thecollegeispreparingaphotographyexhibitionnextmonth.Ihopemypictureswillbeselected.Oh,Iknownow.HaveyouseenSarahtoday?Shehasacamera.M:No,shehasn’tbeenaroundlately.ButdoyouknowMike?Hehasacamera.Infact,Iknowhe’sinterestedinphotography.W:Mike?Youmeanthattallboy,captainofourschoolfootballteam?Okay,let’saskhimtogowithus.M:Well,Idon’tminddoingsomethinginteresting.Wecan80toWaterlooPark,agoodplacetotakepictures.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?A.Fromherfamily. B.Fromthemovies. C.Fromthebooks.18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker’sattitudetowardsstudy?A.Herprofessor’sadvice. B.HertriptoAfrica. C.Hergraduateprogram.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?A.Regretful. B.RelieveD. C.Grateful.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Conservationworkers.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Collegeteachers.【答案】17.B18.C19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,everyone.I’mreallyexcitedtobeheretosharemyexperiencessincegraduation.WhenIwasleavinghereabout10yearsago,Idecidedtogotocollege,which,whenIthinkaboutit,isalittlestrange,becauseIefromafamilywherenoonehadevergonetocollege.EverythingIknewaboutcollegecamefromthemovies.Onceincollege,Igotaclassiccaseoftoomuchfunandtoolittleclasstime.Attheendofmysecondyear,mymajorprofessorwarnedme,you’renevergoingtograduateunlesssomethingbigchanges.Butitwasn’tuntilIenteredmygraduateprograminconservationecologythatIfeltIwasontherightpath.Myconservationworkhasbroughtmejoy,excitement,andadventure.I’vedonesomeresearchintheremotemountainsofCalifornia.I’vehaddinnerswithimportantpoliticians.I’veevensteppedoversnakesinAfrica.Butmostimportantofall,itgavemesomethingbiggerthanmyselftofightfor.WhenIlookback,Ifeelfortunatetohavechosencollege,andparticularlyscience,throughwhichIhaverediscoveredmyselfandachievedliberation.AndI’msureyouallcandothesame.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheDepartmentofHistoryinvitesyoutojoinusforthe49thHistoryLectureSeries.CityandCitizens:SeattleitesandTheirRights,18502000January10Inthistalk,ProfessorEmeritusJohnFindlayfocusesonthechangingnumberofresidentsofSeattleandhowtheywereshapedbythenation’sevolvingconceptsofcitizenship.Itexaminesthehistoricaldemographics(人口統(tǒng)計(jì))ofthecityandlookatwhatgroupsofpeoplecametoandsettledinSeattleoverthedecadesStrategiesofBelongingfortheSnohomishIndianNationJanuary17Withvaryingdegreesofsuccess,Snohomishpeoplesmetthechallengesofsettlerexpansionbytryingto“workthecolonialsystem,”includingnavigatingtheeverchangingbureaucracy(官僚機(jī)構(gòu))offederalpoliciesandthesettlereconomy.ThistalkbyProfessorJoshReidfocuseslargelyontheperiodfromthemidnineteenthcenturytotheearlytwentiethcenturyanddiscussestopicsrelatedtotheformationofinitialreservationsinwesternWashington,Indianboardingschools,andtheplexitiesofCoastSalishidentities.MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattleJanuary24FromtheCentralDistricttoPikePlaceMarketandbeyond,migrantsfromtheMediterraneanregionhavemadeanotable,ifseldomnoticed,impactonSeattle’surbanfabricoverthepastcentury,perhapsnogroupmorethanSephardicJewsfromtheOttomanEmpire.ProfessorDevinNaartakesalookathowSeattlebecamehometooneofthelargestmunitiesintheUnitedStatesofJewsfromtheMuslim(穆斯林)world.HomesforSome:Seattle’sHistoryofHousingandRacialExclusionFebruary7Seattlehasalonghistoryofpoliciesandpracticesthatpreventedpeopleofcertainracialandreligiousbackgroundsfrombuying,renting,oroccupyinghomesinmanypartsofthecityandsurroundingareas.Startingwiththe1865ordinancethatbannedIndigenouspeople,ProfessorJamesGregorydetailsthishistoryofexclusionbyshowinghowitwasimplementedthroughlaws,zoning,deedrestrictions,redlining,urbanrenewal.TicketsareavailablebeginningDecember10throughevents./HLS202421.Whowilldeliveraspeechrelatedtopopulationchanges?A.DevinNaar. B.JohnFindlay.C.JoshReid. D.JamesGregory.22.WhichofthelecturetalksabouttheDevelopmentofJewishmunities?A.HomesforSome:Seattle’sHistoryofHousingandRacialExclusion.B.MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattle.C.CityandCitizens:SeattleitesandTheirRights,18502000.D.StrategiesofBelongingfortheSnohomishIndianNation.23.Whatisthetext?A.Ahistoricalresearch B.AtextbookchapterC.Anadvertisement D.Anewsreport【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了關(guān)于西雅圖歷史變化的系列講座。21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CityandCitizens:SeattleitesandTheirRights,18502000部分“Inthistalk,ProfessorEmeritusJohnFindlayfocusesonthechangingnumberofresidentsofSeattleandhowtheywereshapedbythenation’sevolvingconceptsofcitizenship.(在這次演講中，名譽(yù)教授JohnFindlay重點(diǎn)介紹了西雅圖居民人數(shù)的變化，以及他們是如何被國家不斷發(fā)展的公民概念所塑造的)”可知，JohnFindlay將會(huì)做一個(gè)和人口變化有關(guān)的演講。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattle部分“ProfessorDevinNaartakesalookathowSeattlebecamehometooneofthelargestmunitiesintheUnitedStatesofJewsfromtheMuslim(穆斯林)world.(DevinNaar教授介紹了西雅圖是如何成為美國最大的穆斯林世界猶太人社區(qū)之一的)”可知，MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattle這個(gè)講座談到了猶太人社區(qū)的發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheDepartmentofHistoryinvitesyoutojoinusforthe49thHistoryLectureSeries.(歷史系邀請(qǐng)您參加第49屆歷史系列講座)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了關(guān)于西雅圖歷史變化的系列講座，詳細(xì)介紹了四個(gè)講座的主題、時(shí)間和主講人等信息，最后還提到了門票預(yù)訂的時(shí)間和方式，符合講座宣傳廣告的特征，文章是一個(gè)宣傳廣告。故選C項(xiàng)。BInAugust,CaiYifan,19andCaiYiming,17,twobrothersfromQuanzhou,Fujian,wontheSilverAwardofthe19thSoongChingLingAwardforChildren’sInvention.Theirinvention,asmarttrafficpolicevest(馬甲),impressedthejudgesandissettochangethewaytrafficpolicemunicate.“Withthisvest,trafficpoliceofficerscanmunicateusinglongdistance,realtimevoicetotexttechnology”,thebrothersexplained.ThevestfeaturesanLEDscreenthatcandisplaytranslatedtext,supportingtransitionsfromChineseintoEnglish,JapaneseandKorean.ThevestalsofeaturesasmartQ&Afunction,allowinguserstoaskquestions,withanswersimmediatelyappearingonthescreen,muchlikeamobilesearchengine.Thebrothers’inspirationcamefrompersonalexperiences.“Ourfatheronceattendedapoliceacademyandoftensharedstoriesaboutthechallengespoliceface”,CaiYifanshared.Onetime,duringaheavyrainstorm,theysawtrafficofficersstrugglingtodirectcarsduetopoorinvisibility.Thissituationsparkedtheideaforavestthatcouldvisuallydisplayspokeninstructions,helpingtoavoidmismunication.Beforedevelopingthevest,thebrothersconductedindepthresearchbyinterviewingtrafficpoliceofficersaboutthechallengestheyfaceonduty.Theythenidentifiedkeyfeaturessuchasvoicerecognitionandtranslationfunctions.Withthehelpofonlinetutorialsandadvicefromtheirteachers,thebrothersspentnearlyfourmonthsdevelopingthevest.CaiYiming,whohasstronghandsonskills,focusedonassembling(組裝)thehardware(硬件),whileCaiYifanhandledthesoftwaredevelopment.“Ourparentshavealwaysencouragedourcuriosity”,CaiYimingnoted.Fromayoungage,thebrotherswereinterestedintechnologyandbeganexperimentingwithprogrammingandsmallinventionslikesimplecircuits(電路)andmodelcars.Theirinventionhasalreadybeenpatented(獲得專利);andtheyplantotestandrefineitwiththehelpoftrafficpolice,hopingtoapplyitinrealworldsituations.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthevest?A.ItcantranslateChineseintoanyotherlanguages.B.Itcanaskandanswerquestions.C.Itwillpletelychangethewaytrafficpolicemunicate.D.Itcanhelptrafficpolicemunicatemoreefficiently.25.Whatinspiredthebrotherstoinventsuchavest?A.Theircuriosityabouttheworldaroundthem. B.Theirparents’encouragement.C.Theirpersonalexperiences. D.Theirdesiretobeefamous.26.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethebrothers?A.Imaginativeandpractical B.FriendlyandcuriousC.Humorousandresponsible D.Creativeanddetermined27.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Thevesthasgainedwidepopularity.B.Thevesthasbeenappliedtorealworldsituations.C.Thebrothersareconfidentabouttheirinvention.D.Thebrothershavedifficultyimprovingtheirinvention.【答案】24.D25.C26.D27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。來自福建泉州的蔡一帆、蔡一鳴兄弟倆共同發(fā)明了一種“智能警用馬甲”。其發(fā)明獲得了第19屆宋慶齡少年兒童發(fā)明獎(jiǎng)銀獎(jiǎng)。目前該發(fā)明已申請(qǐng)了專利保護(hù)，將在交警配合下進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品測(cè)試并持續(xù)優(yōu)化，有望應(yīng)用于實(shí)際中?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Withthisvest,trafficpoliceofficerscanmunicateusinglongdistance,realtimevoicetotexttechnology”,thebrothersexplained.ThevestfeaturesanLEDscreenthatcandisplaytranslatedtext,supportingtransitionsfromChineseintoEnglish,JapaneseandKorean.ThevestalsofeaturesasmartQ&Afunction,allowinguserstoaskquestions,withanswersimmediatelyappearingonthescreen,muchlikeamobilesearchengine.(兄弟倆解釋說：“有了這種背心，交通警察可以使用遠(yuǎn)距離實(shí)時(shí)語音轉(zhuǎn)文本技術(shù)進(jìn)行通信?！北承纳嫌幸粋€(gè)LED屏幕，可以顯示翻譯后的文字，支持中文到英語、日語和韓語的轉(zhuǎn)換。該背心還具有智能問答功能，允許用戶提出問題，答案立即出現(xiàn)在屏幕上，很像移動(dòng)搜索引擎)”可知，馬甲可以幫助交警更有效地溝通。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thebrothers’inspirationcamefrompersonalexperiences.(兄弟倆的靈感來自于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷)”可知，是個(gè)人經(jīng)歷啟發(fā)了兄弟倆發(fā)明這樣一件背心。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Beforedevelopingthevest,thebrothersconductedindepthresearchbyinterviewingtrafficpoliceofficersaboutthechallengestheyfaceonduty.Theythenidentifiedkeyfeaturessuchasvoicerecognitionandtranslationfunctions.Withthehelpofonlinetutorialsandadvicefromtheirteachers,thebrothersspentnearlyfourmonthsdevelopingthevest.CaiYiming,whohasstronghandsonskills,focusedonassembling(組裝)thehardware(硬件),whileCaiYifanhandledthesoftwaredevelopment.(在開發(fā)背心之前，兄弟倆進(jìn)行了深入的研究，采訪了交警，了解他們?cè)趫?zhí)勤時(shí)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。然后，他們確定了語音識(shí)別和翻譯功能等關(guān)鍵功能。在網(wǎng)上教程的幫助和老師的建議下，兄弟倆花了將近四個(gè)月的時(shí)間來制作這種背心。蔡一鳴的動(dòng)手能力很強(qiáng)，他主要負(fù)責(zé)硬件的組裝，而蔡一帆負(fù)責(zé)軟件的開發(fā))”可知，從他們能根據(jù)自身經(jīng)歷產(chǎn)生發(fā)明創(chuàng)意，且在研發(fā)過程中通過調(diào)研確定關(guān)鍵功能，花近四個(gè)月時(shí)間，一人負(fù)責(zé)硬件組裝一人負(fù)責(zé)軟件開發(fā)等，最后還獲得專利并計(jì)劃進(jìn)一步完善應(yīng)用等，可以看出他們有創(chuàng)造力（Creative）且有決心（Determined）去完成發(fā)明創(chuàng)造及后續(xù)完善等工作。故選D。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theirinventionhasalreadybeenpatented(獲得專利);andtheyplantotestandrefineitwiththehelpoftrafficpolice,hopingtoapplyitinrealworldsituations.(他們的發(fā)明已經(jīng)獲得專利；他們計(jì)劃在交警的幫助下對(duì)其進(jìn)行測(cè)試和改進(jìn)，希望將其應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界)”可知，兄弟對(duì)他們的發(fā)明很有信心。故選C。CTwoyearsafterChatGPTtooktheworldbystorm,generativeartificialintelligenceseemstohavehitabottleneck.ThecostsofbuildingandusinglargerAImodelsarerisingsharply,andbreakthroughsseemtobebeingincreasinglydifficult.Currently,thedevelopmentofAIhasenteredadifficultperiod.Researchersandentrepreneursarepetingtofindwaystochangethecurrentsituation.TheircreativitywillnotonlytransformAIbutalsodeterminewhichpanieswillsucceed,whetherinvestorscanmakeprofits,andwhichcountrywillbebestabletoseizethebonusbroughtbythistechnology.Largelanguagesmodelshaveahugedemandforelectricity.TheenergyconsumedintrainingOpenAI’sGPT4modelissufficienttopower50Americanhouseholdsforacentury.Asthemodelsgetbigger,thecostwillriserapidly.Itisestimatedthatthetrainingcostofthelargestmodelsnowadaysis$100million,andthenextgenerationmaycost$1billion,whilethefollowingoneislikelytoballoonto$10billion.Overtime,suchinferencecostsmayaccumulateandexceedthetrainingcosts.Thisisterrifyingnewsforinvestors,manyofwhomhavebetbigonAI.Nvidia,whichdesignsthechipsmostmonlyusedinAlmodels,hasseenitsmarketcapitalizationincreasedby$2.5trillionoverthepasttwoyears.Since2023,investorshavepourednearly$95billionintoAIstartups.However,thereisnoneedtopanic.Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.Theoilpriceshocksinthe1970sencouragedenergyefficiencyandalternativemethods,includingnuclearpowergeneration,developedwellinsomecountries.Thirtyyearslater,fracturingtechnologymadetheextractionofoilandnaturalgasmoreeconomicallysustainable.ThedevelopmentofAIhasalreadyshownhowconstraintscanstimulatecreativity.paniesaredevelopmentchipsspecificallydesignedtorunlargelanguagemodels.Suchspecializationmeansthattheycanoperatemoreefficientlythangeneralpurposeprocessors.panieslikeAmazon,AppleandMicrosoftareallbusilydesigningtheirownAIchips.DevelopersarealsomakingadjustmentstoAlsoftware.Thelargescalerelianceonputingpowerisgivingwaytosmallerandmorespecializedsystems.28.What’sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Therapiddevelopmentoflanguagemodels.B.Theparisonofdifferentlanguagemodels.C.Thegreatdemandforlargelanguagemodels.D.Theenergyconsumptionandcostissuesoflargelanguagemodels.29.Howisparagraph5mainlydeveloped?A.Byillustratingresults. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingparison. D.Bylistingfigures.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“constraints”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Conflicts. B.Profits.C.Limitations. D.Innovations.31.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofAI?A.Uncertain. B.Skeptical.C.Ambiguous. D.Optimistic.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。當(dāng)前人工智能的發(fā)展進(jìn)入艱難時(shí)期，一場(chǎng)推動(dòng)人工智能超越當(dāng)下極限的競(jìng)賽正在進(jìn)行。一方面大語言模型訓(xùn)練和使用成本劇增，這使得投資者面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；另一方面，公司和開發(fā)者正在積極探索突破方法，這些努力將改變行業(yè)運(yùn)行模式。28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Largelanguagesmodelshaveahugedemandforelectricity.TheenergyconsumedintrainingOpenAI’sGPT4modelissufficienttopower50Americanhouseholdsforacentury.Asthemodelsgetbigger,thecostwillriserapidly.Itisestimatedthatthetrainingcostofthelargestmodelsnowadaysis$100million,andthenextgenerationmaycost$1billion,whilethefollowingoneislikelytoballoonto$10billion.Overtime,suchinferencecostsmayaccumulateandexceedthetrainingcosts.(大型語言模型對(duì)電力的需求巨大。訓(xùn)練OpenAIGPT4模型所消耗的能量足以為50個(gè)美國家庭供電一個(gè)世紀(jì)。隨著模型越來越大，成本將迅速上升。據(jù)估計(jì)，目前最大型號(hào)的培訓(xùn)成本為1億美元，下一代可能需要10億美元，而下一代則可能激增至100億美元。隨著時(shí)間的推移，這種推理成本可能會(huì)累積并超過培訓(xùn)成本)”可知，本段主要圍繞大型語言模型展開，先提到其對(duì)電力有巨大需求，接著以GPT4模型為例說明訓(xùn)練能耗情況，然后又闡述隨著模型變大成本快速上升的情況，包括訓(xùn)練成本的不斷增加以及推理成本可能超過訓(xùn)練成本等，所以本段主要是關(guān)于大型語言模型的能源消耗和成本問題。故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.Theoilpriceshocksinthe1970sencouragedenergyefficiencyandalternativemethods,includingnuclearpowergeneration,developedwellinsomecountries.Thirtyyearslater,fracturingtechnologymadetheextractionofoilandnaturalgasmoreeconomicallysustainable.(許多技術(shù)以前都遇到過瓶頸，但最終由于人類的創(chuàng)造力而繼續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)70年代的油價(jià)沖擊鼓勵(lì)了能源效率和替代方法，包括核能發(fā)電，在一些國家發(fā)展良好。三十年后，壓裂技術(shù)使石油和天然氣的開采在經(jīng)濟(jì)上更具可持續(xù)性)”可知，本段介紹許多技術(shù)曾經(jīng)遭遇瓶頸，其后用20世紀(jì)70年代的油價(jià)沖擊促進(jìn)了能源效率的提高以及30年后水力壓裂技術(shù)使得石油、天然氣的開采更經(jīng)濟(jì)可行為例來說明人類創(chuàng)造性的偉大之處，即通過給出具體事例來支撐觀點(diǎn)。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“TwoyearsafterChatGPTtooktheworldbystorm,generativeartificialintelligenceseemstohavehitabottleneck.(在ChatGPT席卷全球兩年后，生成型人工智能似乎遇到了瓶頸)”、第五段“Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.(許多技術(shù)以前都遇到過瓶頸，但最終由于人類的創(chuàng)造力而繼續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展)”以及最后一段“ThedevelopmentofAIhasalreadyshownhow

constraints canstimulatecreativity.paniesaredevelopmentchipsspecificallydesignedtorunlargelanguagemodels.Suchspecializationmeansthattheycanoperatemoreefficientlythangeneralpurposeprocessors.panieslikeAmazon,AppleandMicrosoftareallbusilydesigningtheirownAIchips.DevelopersarealsomakingadjustmentstoAlsoftware.Thelargescalerelianceonputingpowerisgivingwaytosmallerandmorespecializedsystems.

(人工智能的發(fā)展已經(jīng)表明了constraints是如何激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力的。公司是專門為運(yùn)行大型語言模型而設(shè)計(jì)的開發(fā)芯片。這種專業(yè)化意味著它們可以比通用處理器更有效地運(yùn)行。亞馬遜、蘋果和微軟等公司都在忙于設(shè)計(jì)自己的人工智能芯片。開發(fā)人員也在對(duì)Al軟件進(jìn)行調(diào)整。對(duì)計(jì)算能力的大規(guī)模依賴正在讓位于更小、更專業(yè)的系統(tǒng))”可知，生成型人工智能似乎遇到瓶頸，但最終由于人類的創(chuàng)造力繼續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展，公司和研發(fā)者們都在積極地探索突破方法，這表明局限性可以激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，推測(cè)劃線詞表示“局限性”，與Limitations意思相近。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.(許多技術(shù)以前都遇到過瓶頸，但最終由于人類的創(chuàng)造力而繼續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展)”以及最后一段“paniesaredevelopmentchipsspecificallydesignedtorunlargelanguagemodels.Suchspecializationmeansthattheycanoperatemoreefficientlythangeneralpurposeprocessors.panieslikeAmazon,AppleandMicrosoftareallbusilydesigningtheirownAIchips.DevelopersarealsomakingadjustmentstoAlsoftware.Thelargescalerelianceonputingpowerisgivingwaytosmallerandmorespecializedsystems.

(公司是專門為運(yùn)行大型語言模型而設(shè)計(jì)的開發(fā)芯片。這種專業(yè)化意味著它們可以比通用處理器更有效地運(yùn)行。亞馬遜、蘋果和微軟等公司都在忙于設(shè)計(jì)自己的人工智能芯片。開發(fā)人員也在對(duì)Al軟件進(jìn)行調(diào)整。對(duì)計(jì)算能力的大規(guī)模依賴正在讓位于更小、更專業(yè)的系統(tǒng))”可知，人工智能目前遇到瓶頸、成本上升等問題，但緊接著通過列舉以往其他技術(shù)遇到瓶頸后憑借人類創(chuàng)造力繼續(xù)發(fā)展的例子，以及闡述在人工智能領(lǐng)域公司和開發(fā)者采取的積極應(yīng)對(duì)措施，如研發(fā)專門芯片、調(diào)整軟件等，作者整體傳達(dá)出一種對(duì)人工智能未來發(fā)展抱有希望的態(tài)度，即樂觀的態(tài)度。故選D。DCuttingbackonanimalproteininourdietscansaveonresourcesandgreenhousegasemissions.Butconvincingmeatlovingconsumerstoswitchuptheirmenuisachallenge.Lookingatthisproblemfromamechanicalengineeringangle,Stanfordengineersarepioneeringanewapproachtofoodtexture(n.質(zhì)地，紋理)testingthatcouldpavethewayforartificialsteaksthatfoolevenmittedmeatlovers.InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatabinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplantbasedmeats.Theteamalsofoundthatsomeplantbasedproductsarealreadypresentingthetextureofthemeatsthey’reimitating.“Wewere’surprisedtofindthattoday’splantbasedproductscanreproducethewholetextureofanimalmeats,”saidEllenKuhl,professorofmechanicalengineeringandseniorauthorofthestudy.Meatsubstituteshaveealongwayfromwhentofuwastheonlyoption,sheadded.Industrialanimalagriculturecontributestoclimatechange,pollution,habitatloss,andsoon.Thatburdenontheplanetcanbeeasedbyexchanginganimalproteinsforplantproteinsindiets.Onestudyestimatedthatplantbasedmeats,onaverage,havehalftheenvironmentalimpactasanimalmeat.Butmanymeateatersarereluctanttochange;onlyaboutathirdofAmericansinonesurveyindicatedtheywere“verylikely”tobuyplantbasedalternatives.“Peoplelovemeat,”saidSkylerSt.Pierre,aPhDstudentinmechanicalengineeringandleadauthorofthepaper.“Ifwewanttoconvincethemeateatersthatalternativesareworthtrying,thecloserwecanimitateanimalmeatwithplantbasedproducts,themorelikelypeoplemightbeopentotryingsomethingnew.”Tosuccessfullyimitateanimalmeat,foodscientistsanalyzethetextureofplantbasedmeatproducts.Unfortunately,traditionalfoodtestingmethodsarenotstandardizedandtheresultsarerarelymadeavailabletoscienceandtothepublic,saidSt.Pierre.Thismakesitharderforscientiststocreatenewrecipesforalternatives.32.WhatisthepurposeoftheresearchbyStanfordengineers?A.Toreducetheconsumptionofmeat.B.Totestqualityofplantbasedmeats.C.Toconvincemeatloverstochangediet.D.Todevelopanewfoodtexturetest.33.Whatisanadvantageofthenewapproach?A.Itcanworsenthequalityoftheplantbasedmeats.B.Itcanspeeduptheproductionofplantbasedmeats.C.Itcanmakeplantbasedmeatlessexpensive.D.Itcandescribefoodtexturewithhighsimilaritytothewayhumantastetestersfeelit.34.Whatpreventsthedevelopmentofplantbasedmeatsaccordingtothetext?A.Insufficientvarietyofplantbasedmeats.B.Nonstandardizedproductionfacilities.C.Consumers’resistance.D.Highproductioncosts.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.FoodTesting:AKeytoMeatRevolution.B.PlantorMeat?That’saquestion.C.NewTechinOurDailyFood.D.Plantbasedmeat:TheNewFashionontheTable.【答案】32.D33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)工程師從機(jī)械工程角度出發(fā)，采用機(jī)械測(cè)試與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合的新方法進(jìn)行食品質(zhì)地測(cè)試，旨在開發(fā)出能媲美真肉質(zhì)地的人造牛排，以推動(dòng)植物基肉類的發(fā)展，緩解因畜牧業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境造成的壓力，同時(shí)提及該研究的背景、新方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及意義等內(nèi)容?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Lookingatthisproblemfromamechanicalengineeringangle,Stanfordengineersarepioneeringanewapproachtofoodtexture(n. 質(zhì)地，紋理)testingthatcouldpavethewayforartificialsteaksthatfoolevenmittedmeatlovers.(從機(jī)械工程的角度來看這個(gè)問題，斯坦福大學(xué)的工程師們正在開創(chuàng)一種新的食品質(zhì)地測(cè)試方法，這可能為人造牛排鋪平道路，甚至欺騙了忠誠的肉類愛好者)”可知，斯坦福工程師正在開創(chuàng)一種新的食品質(zhì)地測(cè)試方法，該方法可助力開發(fā)人造牛排等，目的在于開發(fā)新的食品質(zhì)地測(cè)試手段。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatabinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplantbasedmeats.(在《食品科學(xué)》的一篇新論文中，該團(tuán)隊(duì)證明，機(jī)械測(cè)試和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)合可以描述與人類味覺測(cè)試儀驚人相似的食物質(zhì)地。這種方法可以加快更好的植物性肉類的開發(fā))”以及第三段“Wewere’surprisedtofindthattoday’splantbasedproductscanreproducethewholetextureofanimalmeats,(我們驚訝地發(fā)