【高一外研寒假作業(yè)】練習(xí)08-構(gòu)詞法（解析版）

2/2練習(xí)08-語法2：構(gòu)詞法【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】一、單項選擇1.Whichofthefollowingsuffixes(后綴)means"without"?A．–able B．–ful C．–ous D．–less2.Theoldladyhasbeen__________fortwoweeksandher__________madehersonlosehimself.A．died；dead B．died；death C．dead；death D．dead；die3.Themoviewasnotabitinteresting.Ialmostfell.A．sleep B．a(chǎn)sleep C．sleepy D．sleeping4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike"homework"？A．inventor B．raincoat C．dishonest D．careless5.Doinghouseworkhelpstodevelopour______.A．independence B．independent C．dependence D．dependent6.Wwillmakemistakesunlessweare__________.A．care B．careful C．careless D．carefully7.—Wastheremuch______inNanjinglastweek?—Yes.Itsnowedalot.A．snows B．snowy C．snowed D．snow8.Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentprefix(前綴)tomakeithaveanoppositemeaning?A．happy B．correct C．interesting D．certain9.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike“impossible”?A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless10.—Iwanttobe______.WhatshouldIdo?—First,youmustkeep______everyday.A．health;happy B．unhealthy;happily C．healthy;happy D．health;happily【答案】1-5DCBBA6-10BDBCC二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空11．Youmayaddvarietytothecomicstripstokeepthereaders_______________.(interest)12．Ithinkoneofthemost______________waystoimprovememoryisthelinkmethod.(effect)13．Mysisterfeltsosadtofindthatitwas_______________tocleanherfavouriteT-shirt.(hope)14．The________ofthatbridgeisover200metres.(long)15．Hedidn'tgotoworkbecauseofhis______________(ill)．16．Scientistsdidn'tfindanything_________(value)inthisarealastyear.17．Lilyisverykindandshealwaystreatsothersina___________(friend)way.18．Computersbecomemoreandmoreimportantinour______________life.(day)19．Shewas__________togotothepartybecausethere’samountainofhomework.(able)20．Ifyoukeeponworkinghard,youwillbe_______________(success).21．Myfriendsentmealotof_______________fromBeijingyesterday.（postcard）22．Susanlooked_______________becauseshefailedherfinalexamination.（worry）23．NanjingRoadisalways________withpeopleduringtheholiday.（crowd）24．Youcanfindtheanswertothisquestioninthe_______________paragraph.（follow）25．Benwashavingawalkinthestreetwithhispetdog_______________,amotorcyclecametowardshim.（sudden）【答案】interested12.effective13.hopeless14.length15.illnessvaluable17.friendly18.daily19.unable20.successfulpostcards22.worried23.crowded24.following25.Suddenly三、寫出下列黑體詞的含義1.Hewasadisturbedchildwhoneededmothering._____________2.WhenIpassedhisroom，Isawhimpaperingthewall._____________3.Iftheyarenursedproperly，theplantswillflowerinearlyspring._____________4.Afterwork，thesaleswomandidn'theadstraighthome._____________5.Heemptiedthebottle._____________6.Theofficialshavebookedhotelroomsforthewomenandchildren._____________7.Thegovernmenthopestobettertheconditionsofthepeasants._____________8.Thisapartmentcanhousesixpeopleandadog._____________【答案】1.悉心照顧2.用紙糊3.護理4.前往5.騰空，倒空6.預(yù)訂7.改善8.提供住處【指導(dǎo)迷津】構(gòu)詞法一、構(gòu)詞法的定義及分類按照一定的語言規(guī)律創(chuàng)造新詞的方法叫做構(gòu)詞法。英語構(gòu)詞法主要有轉(zhuǎn)化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾縮略法(Abbreviation)等。二、幾種常見的構(gòu)詞法1.轉(zhuǎn)化法把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)換法。(1)動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞Let’sgooutforawalk.我們出去散散步吧。(2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞WelunchedatWhite’s.我們在懷特家吃午飯。(3)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.火車速度減慢了一半。(4)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞Shewasdressedinblue.她穿著藍色衣服。2.合成法兩個單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，前一個詞修飾或限定后一個詞。分類方法舉例合成名詞名詞＋名詞weekend周末；guidebook指南；手冊名詞＋動名詞handwriting書法；air-conditioning空調(diào)名詞＋動詞-erpainkiller鎮(zhèn)痛劑；storyteller講故事的人動詞＋名詞salesman售貨員形容詞＋名詞gentleman紳士；greenhouse溫室名詞＋動詞handshake握手；sunset日落介詞＋名詞overweight超重；by-product副產(chǎn)品副詞＋動詞income收入；output產(chǎn)量，輸出動詞＋副詞cleanup打掃；checkup檢查合成形容詞名詞＋形容詞lifelong終身的，畢生的名詞＋v.-ingEnglish-speaking講英語的；heartbreaking令人心碎的名詞＋v.-edfun-filled充滿樂趣的；man-made人造的形容詞＋v.-inggood-looking相貌好看的；easy-going性格隨和的形容詞＋v.-edstrong-minded意志堅強的；white-painted漆成白色的副詞＋v.-edwell-educated受過良好教育的；newly-made新建的副詞＋v.-inghard-working勤勞的合成動詞形容詞＋動詞ill-treat虐待；whitewash用石灰水刷白副/介詞＋動詞overcome戰(zhàn)勝；overthrow推翻合成介詞副詞＋名詞inside在……里；outside在……外介詞＋副詞throughout遍及；within在……之內(nèi)副詞＋介詞into到……里；upon在……之上合成代詞代詞賓格＋selfherself她自己；himself他自己物主代詞＋selfmyself我自己；yourself你自己形容詞＋名詞anything任何東西；everything一切東西3.派生法在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。(1)前綴分類舉例總結(jié)表示否定意義的前綴appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消失correct正確的→incorrect不正確的legal合法的→illegal非法的stop停下→non-stop不停的possible可能的→impossible不可能的usual尋常的→unusual不尋常的表示否定意義的前綴常用的有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，non-，un-等，在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構(gòu)成與該詞意義相反的新詞。其他意義的前綴sleep睡覺→asleep睡著的national國家的→international國際的film影片→microfilm微型膠片night夜晚→midnight午夜bus公交車→minibus微型汽車write寫→rewrite重寫market市場→supermarket超級商場表示其他意義的前綴常用的有：a-表狀態(tài)；inter-間，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，復(fù)；super-上，超改變詞性的前綴large大的→enlarge擴大courage勇氣→encourage鼓勵board甲板→aboard在船上side旁邊→aside在旁邊改變詞性的前綴有：en-，a-等。en-前綴通常加在形容詞或名詞前構(gòu)成動詞；a-前綴常加在名詞或描述性動詞之前，構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞。(2)后綴分類舉例總結(jié)構(gòu)成名詞的后綴China中國→Chinese中國人，漢語clean清掃→cleaner清潔工visit拜訪→visitor來訪者art藝術(shù)→artist藝術(shù)家absent缺席的→absence缺勤invent發(fā)明→invention發(fā)明agree同意→agreement同意kind善良的→kindness善良構(gòu)成名詞的后綴常用的有-ence，-ese(表某地人或語言)，-er/-or/-ist(表人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(專業(yè)人員)，-ment(性質(zhì)；狀態(tài))，-ness(性質(zhì)；狀態(tài))，-tion(動作；過程)等。構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美國→American美國的China中國→Chinese中國人的gold金子→golden金的east東→eastern東方的child孩子→childish孩子氣的snow雪→snowy雪的構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某國人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名詞后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某國人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-le