高電壓設(shè)備測試（High Voltage Equipment Testing）（英文版） 課件 Worksheet 3 High Voltage Testing and Instruments

《HighVoltageEquipmentTesting》HighVoltageTestingandInstruments主講人：何發(fā)武（副教授）OperatingWorksheet：HighVoltageTestingItemsTableofContents01Followme02Workshop03Training01FollowmeFollowmeHigh-voltageequipmentinsulationdefectsaremainlyclassifiedintotwotypes:centralizeddefectsanddistributeddefects.Centralizeddefectsrefertospecificissuessuchasmoistureingress,mechanicaldamage,insulationinternalbubbles,andporcelaininsulatorrupture,whichposesignificantsafetyrisks.Distributeddefectspertaintooverallinsulationperformancedegradationresultingfrommoistureingress,overheating,andprolongedoverload.Itisacommonformofinsulationdeteriorationthatprogressesslowlyandcanbedetectedthroughperiodictesting.FollowmeThepurposeofhigh-voltagetestingistoanalyzeandevaluatevariousperformanceaspectsbasedontestresults,eliminateandpreventlatentdefects,promptlyidentifyandaddressequipmentaginganddegradationissues,andenhanceequipmentreliabilityduringoperation.High-voltagetestingcanbedividedintoinsulationtestingandcharacteristictesting,dependingonthenatureofthetestitems.Insulationtestinginvolvesinspectionsofelectricalequipmentinsulationcondition,includingexternalinsulationinspection,insulationconditiondatatesting,andwithstandvoltagetests.Characteristictesting,ontheotherhand,referstoelectricaltestsconductedbeyondinsulationtesting.Itsobjectiveistoverifywhetherthetechnicalcharacteristicsofelectricalequipmentmeettherequirementsspecifiedinrelevanttechnicalregulations,ensuringnormaloperation.Transformers,instrumenttransformers,circuitbreakers,lightingarresters,andsimilarelectricalequipmentrequirebothinsulationtestingandcharacteristictesting.Insulators,powercables,andsimilarequipmenttypicallyundergoonlyinsulationtestingwithoutcharacteristictesting.Ⅰ.Classificationofhigh-voltagetestsbasedonfailurestrengthInsulationtestingcanbecategorizedintonon-destructivetestinganddestructivetestingbasedonthelevelofrisktotheinsulationofpowerequipment.Non-destructivetestingisperformedfirstandonlyuponpassing,destructivetestingcanbecarriedout.Incaseoffailure,insulationrestorationproceduressuchasdryingandsurfacecleaningarecarriedout.1.Non-destructivetestingNon-destructivetestingreferstothemeasurementofinsulationcharacteristicsofthetestspecimenusingtestvoltageslowerthantheratedvoltageoftheelectricalequipmenttodetermineifthereareanydefectswithintheinsulation.Thismethoddoesnotdamagetheinsulation.Commonnon-destructivetestingmethodsincludeinsulationresistanceandpolarizationindexmeasurement,dielectriclossmeasurement,directcurrentleakagecurrentmeasurement,andmostcharacteristictests.AsshowninFigure1-8.(a)Insulationresistancetester

(b)Dielectriclosstester

(c)DChighvoltagegenerationdeviceFigure1-82.DestructivetestingDestructivetestingreferstotheapplicationoftestvoltagesthataremuchhigherthanthenormaloperatingvoltageofelectricalequipmentforhighvoltagetesting,toassesstheabilityoftheelectricalequipmenttowithstandovervoltageandinsulationclearance.Iftheinsulationclearanceoftheelectricalequipmentdoesnotmeettherequirementsspecifiedbytechnicalstandards,theinsulationwillbreakdownduringthehigh-voltagetest,causingdamage.Therefore,thistestiscalleddestructivetesting.HighvoltagetestingincludesDCwithstandvoltagetest,ACwithstandvoltagetest,andimpulsewithstandvoltagetest.AsshowninFigure1-9.(a)PowerfrequencyACwithstandvoltageinstrument(b)ACresonantwithstandvoltageinstrumentFigure1-9Ⅱ.ClassificationofHighVoltageTestsbyLifeCycleHighvoltagetestscanbedividedintothreecategories:factorytests,commissioningtests,andpreventivetests.Factorytestsrefertoaseriesoftestsconductedbeforedeliveringthenewequipmenttothecustomer,toensurethattheproductperformancemeetsthedeliverystandards.Commissioningtestsareconductedjointlybythemanufacturerandtheownerbeforethenewequipmentisputintooperation.Preventivetestsrefertothetestscarriedoutaftertheowner’sequipmentisputintooperation.Thetestcontentofthesethreetypesissimilar,buttheyfollowdifferenttechnicalstandards.1.FactoryTestFactorytestsareconductedbypowerequipmentmanufacturerstoinspectandtesteachproductaccordingtorelevantstandardsandproducttechnicalconditions.AsshowninFigure1-10,1-11.Thepurposeofthetestsistoexaminethequalityofproductdesign,manufacturing,andprocessing,preventingdefectiveproductsfromleavingthefactory.Acomprehensiveproductqualificationtestreportwillbeissuedafterthefactorytest.Figure1-10

FactorywithstandvoltagetestforinstrumenttransformerFigure1-11

Factorywithstandvoltagetestfortransformer2.CommissioningTestCommissioningtestormajoroverhaultestreferstothetestconductedbytheinstallationdepartmentandmaintenancedepartmentonnewequipmentoroverhauledequipmentaccordingtorelevantstandards,producttechnicalconditions,orregulations.Thecommissioningtestisperformedbeforethenewequipmentisputintousetocheckforanydefectsordamagesduringtransportation.AsshowninFigure1-12.Aftermaintenance,theequipmentistestedtoensurethatthemaintenancequalitymeetstherequirements.Figure1-12

On-sitecommissioningtestfortransformer3.PreventiveTestPreventivetestreferstothetestconductedbytheoperatingdepartmentandtestingdepartmentduringacertainperiodaftertheequipmentisputintooperation.AsshowninFigure1-13.Thepurposeofthistestistocheckwhetherthereareanyinsulationdefectsandotherdefectsintheoperatingequipment.Comparedtofactorytestingandcommissioningtesting,itmainlyfocusesoninsulationtestingwithfewertestitems.Figure1-13

Preventivetestfortransformer02WorkshopWorkshop

Duringhighvoltagetestsinthefield,thetypesofhighvoltagetestsperformedonequipmentofdifferentvoltagelevelsmayvaryduetotheequipmentvoltageandapplicationscenarios.CommonelectricalequipmenthighvoltagetestsandinstrumentconfigurationsareshowninTable1-2.Table1-2

CommonelectricalequipmenthighvoltagetestsandinstrumentconfigurationsIDTestNameInstrumentNameTestObjectTestPurposeTestTypeDestructTest?1InsulationresistancemeasurementInsulationresistancetesterTransformer,instrumenttransformer,circuitbreaker,disconnector,lightingarrester,insulator,capacitor,powercable,bushing,etc.Measurementofinsulationresistance,absorptionratio,polarizationindexInsulationtestNoWorkshop

2Leakagecurrentmeasurement,DCwithstandvoltagetestDChighvoltagegeneratorTransformer,instrumenttransformers,lightingarrester,bushing,capacitor,powercable,etc.MeasurementofDCleakagecurrentofpowerequipment,DCcharacteristicsofzincoxidesurgearresters,DCwithstandvoltagetest,etc.InsulationtestYes3DielectriclosstestDielectricLosstesterTransformer,instrumenttransformer,lightingarrester,bushing,capacitor,powercable,etc.MeasurementofequipmentdielectriclosstoassessinsulationconditionInsulationtestNo4ACwithstandvoltagetestACwithstandvoltagetestinstrumentTransformer,generator,motor,instrumenttransformer,lightingarrester,switch,insulator,capacitor,powercable,etc.Determineiftheinsulationstrengthoftheequipmentmeetsrequirements;itisthemosteffectiveanddirectmethodtoassesstheinsulationcapabilityofpowerequipmentInsulationtestYes5SeriesresonantwithstandvoltagetestSeriesResonanceTestEquipmentTransformer,instrumenttransformer,generator,motor,GISswitch,lightingarrester,insulator,capacitor,powercableandothercapacitiveequipmentUsingadjustablereactanceandresonatingwiththecapacitivetestobjecttogeneratehighvoltagefortestingtheinsulationcapabilityoftheequipmentInsulationtestYes6InducedvoltagewithstandtestTriple-frequencyinductionwithstandvoltageinstrumentTransformer,electromagneticinstrumenttransformerMeasurementofthelongitudinalinsulationproblemintransformersInsulationtestYes7Insulating

ToolInspectionTestInsulating

toolwithstandvoltagetestinstrumentInsulatingglove,insulatingboot,insulatingmat,insulatingRodCheckthequalificationofauxiliarysafetytoolsInsulationtestYes8InsulatingoilwithstandVoltagetestInsulatingoilwithstandvoltagetestinstrumentInsulatingoilDetectmoisture,contamination,etc.intransformeroilInsulationtestYes9CablepathtracingCablepacetracerPowercableDetectcablepath,conductpipelinesurvey,andperformdepthmeasurementCharacteristictestNo10CablefaultlocationCablefaulttesterPowercableUsinglow-voltagepulseandhigh-voltageflashovermethodstodetectopencircuitandhigh/lowimpedanceshortcircuitfaultsinpowercablesCharacteristictestYes11DCresistancemeasurementDCresistancetesterTransformer,instrumenttransformerMeasurementofchangesinDCresistancevalueoftransformerstodetermineiftherearebrokenorloosewindingsCharacteristictestNo12LoopResistanceMeasurementLoopResistanceTesterCircuitbreaker,disconnectswitchMeasurementofchangesinloopresistanceofswitchestodetermineiftherearedischargeorburnoutissuesCharacteristictestNoWorkshop

13Characteristicsoftransformeron-loadtap-changerCharacteristicstestoftransformeron-loadtap-switchTransformeron-loadtapswitchcharacteristicinstrumentTransformerMeasurementoftransitionresistanceandtransitiontimeofon-loadtapswitchintransformerscharacteristictestNo14TransformercharacteristictestTransformercharacteristictesterTransformerMeasurementoftransformerparameterssuchasturnsratio,polarity,connectiongroup,capacity,impedance,etc.CharacteristictestNo15InstrumenttransformercharacteristictestInstrumenttransformercharacteristictesterPotentialtransformerMeasurementofparameterssuchasturnsratio,polarity,andvolt-amperecharacteristicsofpotentialtransformerscharacteristictestNo16HighvoltageswitchcharacteristicmeasurementHighvoltageswitchcharacteristictesterCircuitbreaker,disconnectswitchMeasurementofswitchopeningandclosingtime,speed,actionvoltagemeasurement,synchronization,etc.characteristictestNo17CapacitancemeasurementFullyautomaticcapacitancetesterPowercapacitorCheckthecapacityofpowercapacitorscharacteristictestNo18GasleakdetectiontestGasleakdetectorGISDetectionofSF6andothergasleakscharacteristictestNo19Micro-MoistureTestMicro-MoisturemeterGISDetectionofmoisturecontentinSF6andothergasescharacteristictestNo20WindingdeformationmeasurementTransformerwindingdeformationtesterTransformerDetectionofdeformationduetomechanicalshockduringoperationoftransformersCharacteristictestNo21InsulatingoilchromatographyanalysisChromatographyanalyzerInsulatingoilDetectionofoverheatingordischargefaultsinsidetransformersInsulationtestNo22PartialdischargePartialdischargetesterTransformer,instrumenttransformer,circuitbreaker,disconnectswitch,insulator,capacitor,powercable,bushing,etc.MeasurementoftheexistenceofpartialdischargesinelectricalequipmentInsulationtestNo23GroundresistancemeasurementGroundresistancetestGroundinggrid,groundingwireMeasurementofgroundgridresistance,groundingimpedance,stepvoltage,contactpotential,etc.InsulationtestNo24GroundinggridmeasurementsGroundcontinuitytesterGrounder,lightingarresterCheckingtheconnectionbetweenthegroundingleadofelectricalequipmentandthepowergrid,aswellasthegroundingresistanceofsurgearrestersInsulationtestNo25ArresterdischargecounterverificationArresterdischargecountertestinstrumentVarioustypesofarresterdischargecounterTestingtheoperationofvarioustypesofarresterdischargecountersandcalibrationofammetersCharacteristictestNoWorkshop

27HighvoltagewirelessnuclearphaseHighvol