2023年上海市高考英語試卷(秋考)(解析卷)

2023年6月上海英語試卷參考答案與試題解析I.ListeningComprehension

（第1-10題,

每題1分；第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:

InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.【聽力答案】1~10.BDCAA

CABDA

11~13.ADB

14~16.BAC

17~20.BCDC【備注】聽力文字稿附文檔末尾II.GrammarandVocabulary

（每題1分；共20分）SectionADirections:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Onceuponatime,intheheartofAfrica,therewasakingwho(2l)__________(know)forhiswisdomandcourage,HisnamewasMosi,meaning"smoke"inhisnativetongue.Hehadcomealongway(22)__________(watch)overhiskingdom,(23)__________(assume)thethrone(王權)atayoungage.Oneday,adisputearoseinthekingdom,Twofarmerswerearguingabouttheownershipofapieceofland,Theycouldnotsettlethematterthemselves(24)__________eachclaimedthelandwastheirs.ThecasewasbroughtbeforeKingMosi,whowasknownforhisfairjudgments.Thekinglistenedtobothsidesofthestory.Hethenasked,"Whoamongyoucantellme.howmanyseedsareinthefruitofthebaobabtree?"Thefarmerslookedateachother,puzzled.Theydidnotknowtheanswer.KingMosicontinued,“Justasyoucannottellmethenumberofseedsinthebaobabfruit,youcannotprove(25)__________thislandbelongsto.Therefore,ldecreethatthislandshallbesharedbetweenyou.Youwillworkonittogetherandsharethefruitsofyourlaborequally.”Thefarmersweretakenabackbytheking'swisdom.Theyagreedtotheking'sdecisionandthankedhimforhisfairjudgment.Fromthatdayforward,they(26)__________worktogetheronthelandandbecamethebestfriends.ThepeopleofthekingdomadmiredKingMosi'swisdom.Theywouldremain(27)__________(seat)forhours,listeningtohiswisewordsandlearningfromhisjudgments.ThestoryofKingMosi'swisdomspreadfarandwide,andhewasrespectedbyallwhoheardabouthim.Andso,kingMosicontinuedtorulehiskingdomwithwisdomandfairness,earning(28)__________aplaceintheannals(編年史)ofhistory,Hisstoryisareminderof(29)__________wisdomcanbring(30)__________peaceandharmony.Itisastorythathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations,atestamenttoKingMosi'senduringlegacy.ThisisthestoryofKingMosi,awiseandjustrulerwhomadeasignificantimpactonhiskingdomanditspeople,Hisstorycontinuestoinspireandteachvaluablelessonsaboutleadershipandjustice【答案】21.wasknown22.towatch

23.assuming

24.because

25.who/whom26.could27.seated

28.himself

29.how

30.about【導讀】這是關于非洲國王莫西的故事，他以智慧和公正聞名。當兩個農(nóng)民爭奪土地所有權時，他以提問猴面包樹果實種子數(shù)量的方式解決了糾紛，展現(xiàn)了公平和智慧。他的故事傳播開來，成為領導和公正的典范?！驹斀狻?1.wasknown【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子結構，此句為therebe句型，主句謂語動詞是

was。Who..andcourage為who引導的定語從句，空格處為從句的謂語動詞，此處意為!“被人們所知道”，beknownfor意為“因……而出名”，而且主句中的謂語為一般過去時,所以應該填

wasknown。22,towatch【解析】考查動詞不定式。分析句子結構可知,空格前的主語和謂語為Hehadcome判定空格處為非謂語結構。再根據(jù)句意判定，該空所在的位置需要填入動詞不定式作目的狀語，表示“他走過了很長的路來監(jiān)視他的王國”，因此填towatch。23.assuming【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子結構可知，空格前的句子的謂語是hadcome,且空格的提示動詞前有逗號，判定此處為非謂語結構。根據(jù)句意該空需要填入一個非調(diào)語動詞來表示主語

He的行為，同時這個行為與主句中的

hadcomealongway是同時發(fā)生的，因此應該使用現(xiàn)在分詞assuming，表示伴隨。24.because【解析】考查連詞。分析句子結構可知，空格前是主調(diào)賓結構的簡單句，空格后是含賓語從句的句子，因此這里需要填入一個連詞。又根據(jù)上下文提及的Theycouldnotsettlethematterthemselves

和

eachclaimedthelandwastheirs

可推知“他們自己無法解決這個問題是因為他們每個人都聲稱這塊土地是他們的”，because表示原因，故此處填入because。25.who/whom【解析】考查賓語從句。分析句子結構，該空引導的賓語從句作prove

的賓語且該賓語從句中缺少賓語,結合上下文內(nèi)容,這里需要填入一個指代人的關系代詞,表示“土地屬于誰”，故此處填入

who/whom。26.could【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。分析句子結構可知，該句不缺少成分，且謂語動詞為原型，故考慮情態(tài)動詞，結合上下文內(nèi)容可推知，此處想要表述的是“因為國王的決定，他們能夠(could)在一起工作，成為最好的朋友”，故此處填入could。27.seated

【解析】考查過去分詞。分析句子結構可知，這里需要填入一個形容詞或動詞的故去分詞作表語,“remain+過去分詞"表示“某人或某事物仍保持某種狀態(tài)”，而

seated

是

seat的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞，意為“坐著的”，故此處填入seated。28.himself【解析】考查反身代詞。分析句子結構可知,該空處需要填入代詞或名詞作earning的賓語，又結合句意推知，此處想要表述的是“因此，摩西國王繼續(xù)以智慧和公平統(tǒng)治他的王國，使他自己(himself)在歷史史冊上贏得了一席之地”，故該空處填入

himself。29.how【解析】考查賓語從句。分析句子結構可知，該空處需要填入一個可以引導賓語從句的連詞，且從句中不缺少主干成分，又根據(jù)相關句意推知，此處想要表述的是“他的故事給了我們一個關于智慧是如何帶來和平與和諧的提醒”，how

有“如何”之意，故此處填入

how。30.about【解析】考査介詞。Bringabout

意為“導致;引起”，故該空填入

about。SectionBDirections:

ineachblankwitha

thebox.

Each

canbe

onlyonce.Notethat

isone

you

A.unworkable

B.indicative

C.polar

D.promising

E.quantityF.requests

G.content

H.vision

I.evaluating

J.unmet

K.subscribingBrainstormingisacreativeprocessthatcanhelpgeneratenewandinnovativeideastosolvecomplexproblems.Itinvolvesbringingtogetherindividualsfromdiversebackgroundsandperspectivestosharetheirideasfreelyandbuilduponeachother'scontributions.However,tomakethemostofthisprocess,itisimportanttocreateanenvironmentthatencouragesactiveparticipationandcollaboration.Herearesomekeyprinciplestokeepinmindwhenconductingabrainstormingsession.Firstly,itisimportanttohaveaclearvisionorgoalforthebrainstormingsession.Thiswillhelpguidethediscussionandensurethatallideasgeneratedarerelevanttothetopicathand.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtosharetheirthoughtsandideasfreely,withoutfearofjudgmentorcriticism.By(31)________toeachother'sideas,individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem.When(32)________thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession,itisimportanttoconsiderboththequantityandthe(33)________.Whileahighquantityofideascanbebeneficial,itismoreimportanttofocusonthequalityoftheideasandhowwelltheyalignwiththegroup'ssharedvision.Ideasthatare(34)________orirrelevanttothegroup'sgoalsshouldbediscardedinfavorofthosethataremore(35)________.Itisalsoimportanttohonor(36)________formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea.Thiscanhelpthegroupbetterevaluatetheideaanddeterminewhetheritalignswiththeirsharedvision.Ifanideaisdeemedunworkableorneedsare(37)________comprehensively,itisimportanttorecognizethisandmoveontootherideasthatmaybemorefeasible.Inadditiontoevaluatingthequalityofideas,itisimportanttoconsiderthecontentofthediscussion.Thebrainstormingsessionshouldbefocusedongeneratingnewideasandsolutions.ratherthanrehashingoldones.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtothinkcreativelyandoutsidethebox,andtoavoidgettingboggeddowninthedetails.The(38)________ofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsessioncanalsobeanimportantfactortoconsider.Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofasuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtogenerateasmanyideasaspossible,withoutworryingaboutwhethertheyarepracticalorfeasible.Ultimately,thesuccessofabrainstormingsessiondependsonthegroup'sabilitytoworktogethertowardsashared(39)________.Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.Brainstormingisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpusovercomethe(40)________thatplaguesoursociety,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture.【答案】31.K32.I

33.G

34.A

35.D

36.F

37.J

38.E

39.H

40.C【導讀】本文介紹了開展頭腦風暴的關鍵原則。要成功地進行頭腦風暴，必須創(chuàng)造一個鼓勵積極參與和協(xié)作的環(huán)境，并且明確會議的目標和愿景。參與者應該自由地分享他們的想法，而不用擔心評判或批評。文章還提到了如何評估頭腦風暴中產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，以及如何集中討論新的想法和解決方案。最終，成功的頭腦風暴取決于團隊合作實現(xiàn)共同目標的能力?！驹斀狻?1.K[解析]分析句子結構可知，該空處需要填入動的-ing

形式，結合相關選項并根據(jù)該空后熱及的

individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem

可推知，此處想要表達的是“通過認同

(subscribing)別人的觀點，個人可以在彼此貢獻的基礎上，對問題有更全面的理解”，故選

K。subscribev.

捐助;簽署;訂閱;同意。32.I[解析]分析句子結構可知，該空需要填入動詞的分詞形式，結合空格后提及的

thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession(對于頭腦風暴期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量)可推知，該空應該填入評判類的詞，故此處想表述的是“在評估

(evaluating)頭腦風暴期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量時”，故選I。evaluate.

評價:

評估。33.G[解析]連詞and

連接并列成分，and

前為名詞，因此該空處需要填入名詞。結合上文提及的

thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession

可推知不僅僅要重視這些想法的數(shù)量質(zhì)量，而且要重要審核這些想法的內(nèi)容。句意為:“在評估頭腦風暴會議期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量時，重要的是要考慮數(shù)量和內(nèi)容

(content)”，故選G。Contentn.內(nèi)容;目錄;含量;成分。34.A[解析]根據(jù)系動詞are

和連詞or

及irrelevant

可知，該空需要填入形容詞。結合該空之后提及的irrelevanttothegroup'sgoals

可推知，此處想要表述的是“不可行

(unworkable)或與團隊目標無關的想法應該被拋棄”，故選A。unworkableadj.不可行的;行不通的:不切實際的。35.D[解析]根據(jù)系動詞

are

和比較級標志more

可知，該空需要填入形容詞。結合上文提及的“需要放棄與團隊目標不相符的想法”推知，此處需要填入的是“應該接受什么樣的觀點”，D

項與上文所填詞語含義有反差，即此處的意思為“那些與團隊目標無關的想法應該被拋棄，取而代之的是那些更有前途的

(promising)想法”，故選

D。promisingadj,

有希望的:有前途的。36.F[解析]

結合連詞

or

之后的

clarification

推知，該空需要填入名詞。再根據(jù)該空之后提及的

formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea

以及該段相關內(nèi)容可以推知,此處想要表達的是“在頭腦風暴過程中尊重相關要求和閘明觀點也很重要”。句意為:“同樣重要的是，滿足獲得更多信息的要求

(requests)或明一個特定想法”。故選

F。requestsn.要求;需要;申請書。37.J[解析]分析句子結構可知，該空需要填入形容詞，結合相關選項和該空前提及的Ifanideaisconsideredunworkable

推知，此處想要表述的是“如果一個想法被認為是不可行的，或者需求沒有得到全面滿足(unmet)，那么重要的是要認識到這一點，并轉(zhuǎn)向其他可能更可行的想法”，故選J。unmetadj.未滿足的:未相遇的:未應付的。38.E[解析]結合下句提及的

Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofsuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.和下文相關內(nèi)容可推知，該段講述的內(nèi)容與頭腦風暴產(chǎn)生的觀點的數(shù)量有關。句意為:“頭腦風暴會議期間產(chǎn)生的想法數(shù)量(quantity)也是一個需要考慮的重要因素”。故選E。quantityn.數(shù)量數(shù)額:大量;

眾多。39.H[解析]根據(jù)空格前的冠詞

a

可知，該空需要填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，又結合該空后趣及的

Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.可知，這句是對上句內(nèi)容的解釋，再結合選項推知，此處想表達的意思是“最終，頭腦風暴的成功取決于團隊為實現(xiàn)共同愿景

(vision)而共同努力的能力”，故選

H。visionn.視力:視野;遠見卓識。40.C[解析]根據(jù)空格前的

the和空格后的名詞可知，該空需要填入形容詞，再結合該空之后捷及的

thatcausesoursocietyphysicalandmentaldisturbances,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture

可推知，要創(chuàng)造更具協(xié)作性和創(chuàng)造性的未來需要克服一些相反的觀點，即此處句意為“頭腦風暴是一種強大的工具，可以幫助我們克服造成我們社會的兩極(polar)現(xiàn)象，創(chuàng)造一個更具協(xié)作性和創(chuàng)造性的未來”，故選

C。polaradj.極地的:磁極的:完全相反的。III.ReadingComprehension

(共45分。

41-45每題1分；56-70每題2分)SectionADirections:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextDoctorsarescientistswhooperate

inaworldof

statistics,

odds

and

probability.

Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.

(41)______,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareasking

whetherdoctors'

apparent

(42)

_____

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.

With

theinformationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand

technology

answersare

(43)

______

blackorwhite.

Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients'expectationshaven't(44)

______,

either.“Medicinehasalways

fallenshortofthesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout

(45)

______

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needto

be(46)

______

workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

anailment(小恙),hetellsthemto(47)

______

their

inquiry

----

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,

youusually

don’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest(48)

______

andwhatthe

outcomes

willbe

inthelongrun.”Technologyhashelped

(49)

______

thequest

forcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeeda

listof

symptoms

intoacomputerandgetamore(50)

______

diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.Richard

Schwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an(51)

______

andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an(52)

______

levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,computerscan’t(53)

______

a

diagnosis

ora

treatment

topatientsina

comfortingway.Take

aroutine

screening

test

forearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmoking

status,

andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌癥結節(jié)).Itcanalso(54)

______

quite

precisely

theriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’t

do,(55)

______,

isdecidehowto

breakthenews

thatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1

percent

chanceofbecomingacancer.41.A.Onthehand

B.Afterwords

C.Asaresult

D.Aboveall42.A.victim

B.instance

C.transparency

D.certainty43.A.frequentlyB.generally

C.rarely

D.mainly44.A.adored

B.transformed

C.faded

D.adjusted45.A.limiting

B.hitting

C.threatening

D.assembling46.A.comparedwith

B.accountedfor

C.

accustomedto

D.annoyedat47.A.cover

B.train

C.clarify

D.broaden48.A.identify

B.cure

C.defend

D.cause49.A.enlighten

B.redefine

C.commit

D.guarantee50.A.accurate

B.plain

C.serious

D.remedial51.A.challenge

B.encounter

C.conversation

D.dispute52.A.dangerous

B.maximal

C.unfavorable

D.contrasting53.A.stuff

B.hint

C.communicate

D.indicate54.A.conclude

B.understand

C.assume

D.calculate55.A.however

B.therefore

C.moreover

D.hence【答案】

41~45.CDCDA46~50.CDBBA

51~55.ABCDA【導讀】文章討論了醫(yī)生在與病人交流時傳達自信和確定性的重要性，然而，隨著醫(yī)學和技術進步帶來的信息爆炸，專家們開始質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生與病人交流時的表面確定性是否對病人造成更多傷害。醫(yī)學院只是開始教導醫(yī)生如何處理這個問題，而病人的期望也沒有明確。醫(yī)生并不像數(shù)學和幾何學那樣具備確定性，而是需要不斷權衡各種因素來做出決策。技術在一定程度上提供了確定性，但無法像醫(yī)生那樣以安慰人心的方式給出診斷和治療建議。雖然計算機可以評估肺部結節(jié)的癌癥風險，但它無法決定如何告知患者肺部有1%的機會變成癌癥。因此，醫(yī)生需要在不確定性中進行決策，并通過人性化的交流方式向患者傳遞信息。【解析】41.C【解析]此題考查上下文的邏輯關系。上文提到，醫(yī)生應該給病人一個確定的診斷和治療方案，而該空后提到，患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個明確的診斷和簡單的治療過程。因此，此處能夠承接上下文的只有C項，asaresult

意為“所以;結果(是)”，故選C。onthehand一方面:afterwordsadv.后來;asaresult

所以;結果(是):aboveall最重要的是:尤其是。42.D【解析]結合上文提及的Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey'velongbeentaughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidenceandcertainty.可知此處提及的內(nèi)容與醫(yī)生在治療過程中的明確性溝通相關，再結合相關選項，此處與“確定性”能夠產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的選項只有D項。句意為:“但現(xiàn)在，只要點擊幾下鼠標，就可以獲得關于每一種可以想象的醫(yī)療狀況的信息，專家們正在詢問，醫(yī)生在與患者溝通時的明顯確定性(certainty)是否真的弊大于利”。故選D。victimn.受害者:犧牲品:instancen.例子，實例;情況;transparencyn.透明;透明度:透明性:certaintyn.確定:必然性。43.C【解析]結合選項及上下文expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors'apparentcertainty--whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.可知，專家們也在研究和詢問醫(yī)患溝通明確帶來的影響，所以此處最可能表述的是“隨著醫(yī)學和技術進步帶來的信息過量，答案很少(rarely)是非黑即白的”。故選C。frequentlyadv.頻繁地，經(jīng)常:generallyadv.籠統(tǒng)地;通常地;普遍地:rarelyadv.少有地;罕見地;mainlyadv.主要地;大多。44.D【解析]結合上文提及的patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisandastraightforwardcourseoftreatment可知，患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個明確的診斷和簡單的治療過程，再結合選項可推知患者的這種觀念在短時間不會發(fā)生改變。句意為:“醫(yī)學院才剛剛開始教醫(yī)生如何應對這種情況，患者的期望也沒有調(diào)整(adjusted)”，故選D。adorev.喜愛:愛慕;transferv.(使)轉(zhuǎn)移:(使)調(diào)動;fadev.褪去;逐漸消逝:adjustv.適應，調(diào)整，校正。45.A【解析]結合下文和該空后提及的notaboutcreatingcertainty可推知，該空所填詞構成的短語的意思應與creatingcertainty意思相近，limitinguncertainty符合題意。句意為:“如果你思考知識及其作用，那就是限制(limiting)不確定性，而不是創(chuàng)造確定性”。故選A.limitv.限制:限量:使限于:hitv.打，打擊:碰撞:threatenv恐嚇:威脅:預示(某事):assemblev.集合，收集:裝配，組合:組裝。46.C[解析]結合下文所舉的相關例子可推知，接受培訓的醫(yī)生需要在海量信息中作出判斷，即當他們診斷疾病時，經(jīng)常會面對這種情況，所以他們要慢慢習慣這種工作狀態(tài)。句意為:“像賭徒一樣，接受培訓的醫(yī)生需要習慣于(accustomedto)在一個他們不斷根據(jù)無數(shù)因素權衡勝算的領域工作”。故選C.comparewith與……比較，跟……相比:accountfor說明(原因、理由等);在(數(shù)量、比例上)占，對…負責:annoyat對憤怒。47.D【解析]結合該空之后提及的comeupwithalistofpossibilities--ratherthanquicklyhomeinonasinglesolution

可推知，文章不提倡快速地回到一個單一的解決方案上，所以此處想要表達的意思為“當Upshur

教醫(yī)學生如何診斷疾病時，他告訴他們擴大(broaden)調(diào)查范圍一一列出各種可能性，而不是迅速找到一個單一的解決方案”，故選D。coverv.遮蓋:覆蓋:撒上:包括:涉及:trainv、訓練:教育:培養(yǎng);修整:clarifyv、闡明，澄清:凈化:broadenv.變寬:擴大.的范圍。48.B【解析]結合上句提及的Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm可知，此處講述的內(nèi)容與醫(yī)療診斷相關，再分析選項，此處B項能夠與上文聯(lián)系起來。句意為:“即使你做出了你認為可靠的診斷，你通常也不確定什么是最好的治療(cure)方法，從長遠來看會有什么結果?”。故選B。identifyv、識別，認出:確定:curen.藥:措施:療程:defendv.防御:保衛(wèi):防守:causen.原因;理由;事業(yè):訴訟案。49.B【解析]結合上下文提及的相關內(nèi)容可知，醫(yī)生需要慢慢習慣從海量信息中診斷疾病，而信息技術提高了診斷的準確性，這說明準確診斷疾病是醫(yī)生追求已久的。句意為:“技術幫助重新定義了對確定性的追求”，故選B。enlightenv.啟發(fā)，闡明:redefinev.再定義:commitv.犯罪:承諾:guaranteev.保證:擔保。50.A[解析]結合上下文提及的Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.可推知，此處想要表達的是“我們已經(jīng)到了可以將癥狀列表輸入計算機并得到比醫(yī)生更準確的(accurate)診斷的地步”，故選A。accurateadj.正確的，精確的:精準的:plainadj.清楚的:坦誠的:單色的:樸素的:seriousadj.嚴重的:嚴肅的:認真的:莊重的:remedialadj.補教的;糾正的:治療的;補習的，輔導的。51.A[解析]結合下文提及的信息技術對于提高診斷準確率的好處和缺點，并結合選項可知，此處句意為:“哈佛醫(yī)學院醫(yī)學教授理查德·施瓦茨坦博士認為，這種發(fā)展既是一種挑戰(zhàn)(challenge)，也是一種機遇”。故選A。challengen.挑戰(zhàn):(比賽等的)邀請:質(zhì)疑:encountern.遭遇，偶遇:(體育)比賽:conversationn.交談，談話:disputen.爭論，爭端，糾紛。52.B【解析]結合該空之后提及的Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease可知，將癥狀信息輸入電腦能夠99%確定患有某種疾病，即最大程度確定所患疾病。故該空所在句子想要表達的是“技術試圖把你推向一個最大的(maximal)確定水平。做這個測試可以獲得99%的確定性,你患有這種疾病”。故選B.dangerousadj.危險的;maximaladj.尺寸最大的，最高的，持續(xù)時間最長的:unfavorableadj.不利的:相反的;令人不快的;不吉利的:contrastingadj.極不相同的，迥異的。53.C【解析]結合該段內(nèi)容以及最后提及的isdecidehowtobreakthenewsthatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasalpercentchanceofbecomingacancer可推知，計算機雖然能夠非常準確第診斷疾病，但其在告知診斷結果方面存在一定缺陷。句意為:“另一方面，計算機無法以令人欣慰的方式向患者傳達(communicate)診斷或治療”。故選C。stuffv.塞滿;填塞;hintv.暗示，提示:communicatev.溝通;傳遞;傳染;相通:indicatev.表明，暗示:指示。54.D【解析]結合上句提及的Basedonyourage,yoursmokingstatus,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule可知，此處是在說明計算機根據(jù)相關信息診斷疾病的準確程度。句意為:“它還可以根據(jù)結節(jié)的大小和形狀非常精確地計算出(calculate)患上實際癌癥的風險”。故選D。concludev.推斷出:總結:結束:締約:understandv.明白，理解:了解:得知:默認;領會:assumev.假設:承擔(責任):獲得(權利):呈現(xiàn):calculatev.計算:估算:估計:預料。55.A[解析]結合該空前后內(nèi)容，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)上文說計算機可以準確診斷疾病，而該空之后則說“計算機不能夠準確告知疾病發(fā)展”，前后有一定的轉(zhuǎn)折性，故選A。howeveradv.然而:不管怎樣:conj.不管怎樣:thereforeadv.因此:moreoveradv.此外:而且:henceadv.因此，所以。外刊題源：

Doctorsarescientistswhooperate

inaworldof

statistics,

odds

and

probability.

Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.

(41)

Asaresult,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareasking

whetherdoctors'

apparent

(42)

certainty

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.

With

theinformationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand

technology

answersare

(43)

rarely

blackorwhite.

Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients'expectationshaven't(44)

adjusted,

either.“Medicinehasalways

fallenshortof

thesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout

(45)

limiting

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needto

be(46)

accustomedto

workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

anailment(小恙),hetellsthemto(47)

broaden

their

inquiry

----

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,

youusually

don’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest(48)

cure

andwhatthe

outcomes

willbe

inthelongrun.”Technology

hashelped

(49)redefine

thequest

forcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeeda

listof

symptoms

intoacomputerandgetamore(50)

accurate

diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.Richard

Schwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an(51)

challenge

andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an(52)

maximal

levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,computerscan’t(53)communicate

a

diagnosis

ora

treatment

topatientsina

comfortingway.Take

aroutine

screening

test

forearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmoking

status,

andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌癥結節(jié)).Itcanalso(54)

calculate

quite

precisely

theriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’t

do,(55)

however,

isdecidehowto

breakthenews

thatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1

percent

chanceofbecomingacancer.【難句解析】1.

Doctorsarescientistswho

operate

inaworldof

statistics,

odds

and

probability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.

醫(yī)生是科學家，他們的工作離不開數(shù)據(jù)、機率和概率。然而長期以來，他們被教導說，與病人打交道時，他們應該傳遞令人信服的自信和確定性。Operate這里應理解為“工作”;reassuring令人信服的、可靠的。2.(1)

Asaresult,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.因此，病人期待醫(yī)生給他們一個清晰的診斷和直接的治療過程。3.But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalcondition

imaginable

isjust

afewclicksaway

expertsareasking

whetherdoctors'

apparent

(2)

certainty

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.但是，現(xiàn)在只要輕點鼠標、就能了解到各種病情信息，鑒于此，專家們質(zhì)疑：與病人溝通時，醫(yī)生給出的確定性實際上是否弊大于利。Nowthat因為、鑒于；every…imaginable各種、全部的、所能想到的。4.With

the

informationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand(3)

technology

answersare

rarely

blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients'

expectationshaven't(4)

adjusted

either.隨著醫(yī)學和技術進步所帶來的信息過載，答案很少非黑即白。醫(yī)學院正在開始教醫(yī)生如何處理這個問題，而病人的期望也還沒有能適應（這一變化趨勢）。With…brought復合結構“隨著/在……”；

5.“Medicinehasalwaysfallenshortofthesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout

(5)

limiting

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”"醫(yī)學總是達不到我們在數(shù)學和幾何學中發(fā)現(xiàn)的那種確定性"，多倫多達拉拉納公共衛(wèi)生學院的研究員羅斯-厄普舒爾博士說。"如果你考慮到知識和它的作用，它是關于限制不確定性，而不是創(chuàng)造確定性。"fallenshortof達不到、缺少。

6.Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needto

be(6)

accustomedto

workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedoncountlessfactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

adisease,hetellsthemto(7)

broaden

their

inquiry

----

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.接受培訓的醫(yī)生就像賭徒一樣，需要習慣于在這個領域工作，在這個領域中，他們不斷地根據(jù)無數(shù)的因素來衡量賠率。當Upshur教授醫(yī)學生如何診斷一種疾病時，他告訴他們要擴大調(diào)查范圍----提出一個可能性的清單，而不是迅速歸納出一個單一的解決方案。Weigh掂量、權衡；homeinon對準、指向。

7.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,youusually

don’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest(8)

cure

andwhatthe

outcomes

willbe

inthelongrun.”"即使你做出了一個你認為是確定的診斷，你通常也不能確定什么是最好的治療方法，以及從長遠來看，結果會是什么。"Inthelongrun長期來看。

8.(9)Technology

hashelped

redefine

thequest

forcertainty.Weare

reachingapoint

wherewecan

feed

a

listof

symptomsinto

acomputerandgetamore(10)

accurate

diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.Richard

Schwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an(11)

challenge

andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an(12)

maximal

levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”技術已經(jīng)幫助我們重新定義了對確定性的追求。我們正在達到這樣一個地步：我們可以把癥狀清單輸入計算機，得到比醫(yī)生更準確的診斷。哈佛醫(yī)學院醫(yī)學教授理查德-施瓦茨坦博士認為這種發(fā)展既是挑戰(zhàn)也是機遇。他說，一方面，"技術試圖把你推到一個最大的確定性水平。做這個測試可以得到99%的確定性：你有這個疾病。"Redefine重新定義；reachingapointwhere達到某個……的程度。

9.

Ontheotherhand,computerscan’t(13)

communicate

a

diagnosis

ora

treatment

topatientsina

comfortingway.Take

aroutine

screening

test

forearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmoking

status,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌癥結節(jié)).另一方面，計算機不能以安慰的方式向病人傳達診斷或治療。以早期肺癌的常規(guī)篩查測試為例。根據(jù)你的年齡、吸煙狀況和性別，計算機可以很好地評估發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥結節(jié)的幾率。aroutinescreeningtest定期篩查。

10.Itcanalso(14)calculate

quite

precisely

theriskof

developinganactualcancer

basedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’t

do,(15)

however,isdecidehowto

breakthenews

thatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1

percent

chanceofbecomingacancer.它還可以根據(jù)結節(jié)的大小和形狀，相當精確地計算出發(fā)展為實際癌癥的風險。然而，它不能做的是決定如何告訴你，你的肺部有一個結節(jié)，有1%的機會成為癌癥。developing

患上某種疾??；breakthenews爆料、告訴實情。SectionBDirections:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Inthevast,untouchedexpanseofwilderness,Islaandherfaithfulgoldenretriever(獵犬),Finndancedinaharmonyofsouls.Together,theyweavedthroughmyriadterrains,fromshadowedforestsechoingwithancientsecretstoruggedmountainpathsthattouchedtheheavens.Theirbondwasnotofmerecircumstance,butofshareddreams,Islasoughtquietawayfromtheurbannoise,whileeveryrustleandmurmurofthewildignitedFinn'sspirit.Asdawn'sfirstlightkissedtheearth,IsladeliberatelypackedawaymemoriesofthenighwhileFinn,witheageranticipation,wagged(

搖擺)histail,eagerfortheday'smelodies.Theirjourneywasnotchartedbymapsorcompasses,butbythegentletouchesoftheirhearts,caressedbynature'sidealbreezes.Oneduskyevening,paintedwithdeepredcolorsandetherealpurples,anunexpectedstormtookthemoffguard,Raindrops,heavywithsorrow,transformedfamiliartrailsintoflowingstreams,inadesperatebidforrefuge,Islawastrappedbythefierceembraceofthecurrents.IttwasFinn'sinstinctivecouragethatshonebrightlyinthatmomentofdespair,ashemovedforwardsuddenly,securingherbackpackwithasteadfastgrip,drawingherbacktosafety'sshore.Nestledinurockyembrace,theyclungtoeachotheragainstthestorm'sfury.IslawhisperedtalesofbygonedaysanddistanthorizonsintoFinn'seagercars,Inreturn,hemovedslowlyandcomplainedweakly,weavingtaleswithoutwords,sharingasym