湖南新高考教學(xué)教研聯(lián)盟2024屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考英語試題（含答案）

湖南新高考教學(xué)教研聯(lián)盟2024屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考（一模）英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五總分評分一、閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。LonelyPlanet'sTopPlacestoGoin2024Areyoulookingforinspirationforyournexttraveldestination?LonelyPlanethaspublisheditsyearlylistoftopplacestogo.Whetheryou'relookingforadventure,culture,orvalue,there'ssomethingforeverytypeoftraveler.Let'sexplorethe.toppicksfortraveldestinationsin2024.TopCity:NairobiNairobi,theKenyancapital,waschosenforitsuniquemusicanddanceculture,andimpressivelocalrestaurants.NairobiNationalPark,justashortdriveoutofthecity'scentralbusinessdistrict,isamust-see,wherevisitorscanseeover-400specieswanderingtheopengrassplainswhileskyscraperstwinkleonthehorizon.TopCountry:MongoliaMongoliaislovedforitswide-openspaces,adventureactivities,anduniquefood.TheMongoliangovernmenthasannounced2023through.2025:as:the"YearstoVisitMongolia",easingentryconditionsforinternationaltravelersandimprovingpublicfacilities,includinganew$650millionairport.TopSustainableTravelDestination:SpainThepublisheralsorecommendedSpainforthecountry'seffortstoexpandrenewableenergy,todevelopoff-seasontravel,andtobringtourismtonewdestinations,suchastheportcityofValencia,easingpressuresonhotspotssuchasBarcelona.TopBest-ValueLocation:TheAmericanMidwestTheAmericanMidwest,includingthecitiesofChicagoandDetroit,isalsoonthelist,asitoffersahigh-qualitytravelexperienceatareasonablecost.Visitorscanenjoyexcellentservicesandfacilities.suchasoldwarehousestransformedintoartstudios,neweco-designhotels,andMichelin-starredrestaurants,withouthavingtospendtoomuchmoney.TopBeachDestination:DonegalDonegalIreland'smostnorthwesterncounty,hasthecountry'slongestcoastlineandover100beaches,wherevisitorscanenjoythehighestseacliffsinEuropeandmilesofbeautifulcoastalhikingtrails.1．WhatcanpeopledoinNairobiNationalPark?A．Enjoyadventureactivities. B．Tastelocaldeliciouscuisine.C．Seevariouswildanimals. D．Appreciatemusicalperformances.2．WhyisTheAmericanMidwestconsideredtobetheBest-ValueLocation?A．Ithassimplifiedentryprocedures.B．Itofferscost-effectiveexperiences.C．Itcombinesartwithnaturalscenery.D．Itprovidesgoodtransportationservices.3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toentertain. B．Toanalyse.C．Toinform. D．Toreport.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。OnDecember16,2023,thefirstsectionofMayaTrainofficiallyopened,whichrunsbetweenCampecheandCancún,carryingupto231passengersacross290milesandstoppingat14trainstations.BuiltasanambitiousefforttopromotetourismandboostMexico'seconomy,therailsystemconnectsthemajorcitiesandtouristregionsoftheYucatánPeninsula-fromCancún'sbeachestoTulum'sarchaeological(考古的)wonders.Oncetheprojectiscompleted,theentirerailsystemwilllinktouristdestinationsacrossfivestates.However,environmentalistsandarchaeologistsarguethatthetrainroutewillcausegreatdamagetotheenvironmentandancientMayansites.TheMayaTrainpassesthroughsixUNESCOWorldHeritagesites,andthousandsofarchaeologicalsites.OneparticularareaofconcernistheCalakmulbiospherereserve,whichishometomanyendangeredspecies,suchasjaguarsandover500otheranimalspecies.Thetrainlines,morethan60meterswide,couldactasartificialbarriersthatmaylimitthemovementoftheseanimalswithinthereserve,makingitdifficultforthemtomovearoundandaccessfoodandwatersources.Opponentsalsoexpresssafetyconcerns.Certainsectionsoftherailsystemwillbebuiltrightontopoftheaquifer's(地下水層的)mostfragilepointsofcontactwiththesurface."It'slikewantingtobuildovereggshells,saysGuillermoChristy,awatertreatmentconsultant."Puttingtrainsweighingthousandsoftonsontopcouldcausetheundergroundcavestocrashdown.Toconstructthetraininfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)alsorequiresdrivinglongpilesdeepintotheground,whichposesabigthreattothisfragileecosystemandleadstowatershortages.IntheongoingdebateofMayaTrain,itiscrucialtoconsiderthedelicatebalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalpreservation.WhileMayaTrainmayprovideeconomicbenefits,wemustnotoverlookthepotentialenvironmentalandculturallosses,aswellasthesafetyrisksitmaybring.Achievingharmonybetweenprogressandconservationmaybeasignificantchallengefortheproject,butwemusttakeintoaccountthelong-termconsequencesofouractions.4．WhatdoweknowabouttheMayaTrainproject?A．ItconsumeslotsoflaborinMexico.B．ItwascompletedonDecember16,2023.C．Ithasconcernedsomeprofessionals.D．Itblocksthedevelopmentoflocaltourism.5．Whatistheeffectofthetrainlinesontheanimalsinthereserve?A．Theydisturbtheirsleepingpatterns.B．Theyrestricttheiractivities.C．Theypollutetheirwatersources.D．Theyengagetheirenemiestothearea.6．Whydoestheauthormention"eggshells"inparagraph4?A．Toshowthedifficultyofconstructingtheraillines.B．Toprovetheurgencyofprotectingthefragileecosystem.C．Toexplainthereasonsforwatershortagesalongtherailway.D．TostressthepotentialharmofMayaTraintotheaquifersystem.7．Whichstatementwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Preservingculturalsitesrequiresstrongfinancialsupport.B．ItistimetospeeduptheconstructionprocessofMayaTrain.C．Economicdevelopmentshouldnotcomeattheexpenseoftheenvironment.D．Weshouldprizetheeconomicbenefitsoftheprojectinthelongrun.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。GeologistshavelongbeenfascinatedbyamissingpieceofEarth'shistory—alostcontinentcalledArgoland.Around155millionyearsago,the5,000-kilometercontinentbrokeofffromWesternAustraliaandbegandrifting(漂移),leavingbehindabasindeepbelowtheoceanknownastheArgoAbyssalPlain.ButwheredidArgolandactuallygo?TheseabedstructuresuggeststhatthecontinentdriftednorthwestwardandendedupSoutheastAsia.Butsurprisingly,thereisnolargecontinenthiddenbeneaththoseislands,onlysmallcontinentalfragments(碎片)surroundedbyancientoceanicbasins.Usingthistheory,geologistsatUtrechtUniversitydiscoveredthatArgolandhadn'treallydisappearedbutsurvivedasa"veryextendedandfragmentedcollection"undertheislandstotheeastofIndonesia.UnlikeothercontinentslikeAfricaandSouthAmerica,whichbrokeneatlyintotwopieces,Argolandsplitintomanysmallerfragmentsthatweredispersed,whichmadeitdifficultforscientiststolocateandstudythecontinent'sgeologicalfeatures.However,withadvancedtechnologyandthediscovery,scientistscannowpiecethemtogether.Tracingthecontinentsisvitalforunderstandingprocessesliketheevolutionofbiodiversity.ItcouldhelpexplainsomethingknownasthemysteriousWallaceline,whichisanimaginaryboundarythatseparatesmammals,birds,andevenearlyhumanspeciesinSoutheastAsianislands.Theboundaryhaspuzzledscientistsbecauseofhowclearlyitseparatestheisland'swildlife.Tothewestofthelineareplacentalmammalslikeapesandelephants.Butthesearealmostcompletelyabsenttotheeast,whereyoucanfindmarsupialsandcockatoos—animalstypicallyassociatedwithAustralia.ResearchershavetheorizedthatthismaybebecauseArgolandcarrieditsownwildlifeawayfromAustraliabeforeitcrashedintoSoutheastAsia,whichhelpsexplainwhydifferentspeciesarefoundindifferentnations.ThestoryofArgolandisnotoneofcompletedisappearancebutoftransformation.Astheworldcontinuestoevolve,thislostcontinentservesasapowerfulsymbolofthefragilityoflifeonthisplanet,andareminderoftheimportanceofrespectingandprotectingtheworldthatwelivein.8．WhatdoweknowaboutArgoland?A．Itsplitintotwopiecesmanyyearsago.B．ItbrokeawayfromthecontinentofAfrica.C．ItsanktothebottomoftheArgoAbyssalPlain.D．ItexistsasfragmentsundertheeasternislandsofIndonesia.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dispersed"inparagraph3probablymean?A．Crashed. B．Connected. C．Distributed. D．Disappeared.10．Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Wallaceline"inparagraph4?A．TointroducetheearlyhistoryofArgoland.B．TostressthesignificanceoftracingArgoland.C．ToprovethebiodiversityofSoutheastAsianislands.D．ToexplaintheevolutionaryprocessofAustralianspecies.11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheDiscoveryofaLostContinentB．TheBoundariesofWildlifeHabitatsC．TheGeologicalFeaturesofArgolandD．TheFormationoftheArgoAbyssalPlain閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸鈉)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn'tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganeco-consciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences'InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads(珠)madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadsandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice'sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback."Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,"theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertoovercomethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheating-coolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobecomesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher."It'simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlarge-scalecommercialization,"emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.12．Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A．Itcanberecycledatalowcost.B．Itisproducedwithoutpollution.C．Ittakeslesstimeto.breakdown.D．Ithasawiderangeofapplications.13．Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A．Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B．Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C．Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D．Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice'sstomach.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hurdle"inparagraph4referto?A．Theinstabilityofaminoacids.B．Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.C．Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.D．Thechallengeofimprovingtheheating-coolingprocedure.15．WhatistheattitudeofYanXuehaitowardsthenewglass'slaunchonthemarket?A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain.二、第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouhaveeverlookedcloselyatthetiresonyourcar,youhaveprobablyseenlittlehairsstickingoutoftheblackrubber.16．Aretheythereforanysafetyreasons?Thoselittlebitsareoneofthestrangecarfeaturessomepeoplemaystoptothinkabout.Locatedontheverticalpartofthetire,thesecuriouslittlerubberhairsareknownas"ventspews(輪胎毛刺)".Theyarecrucialinthetire-makingprocess.Asthetreadpatternmold(胎面花紋模具)ispressedintothetire'srubber,theextrarubberrequiresawaytoescapethemold.17．Curiously,there'snosetnumberofhairseachtirewillhave.18．Butthepresenceoftirehairsisuniversal.Theyarenothingmorethanremnants(殘余部分)ofthecomplexprocessthatmakesstronganddurabletires.19．Becausetheyarefoundonthepartofthetirerubberthatdoesn'thittheroad,andtheyhavenoimpactonhowwellyourtiregrips(抓牢)thepavementinrainyweather.Theserubberhairsalsodon'thaveanyimpactonroadnoiseorwhyyourtiressqueakwhenyou'redriving.Theyaremerelyevidenceofthenewtire'sarrivalintheworld.Tirehairsarenaturallywornawayduringnormaldriving,andthepresenceorabsenceofthesehairsdoesn'tdetermineifatireissafe.Thereisoneinstance,however,wherethelackoftirehairscanmatter.20．Asaresponsiblecarowner,youshouldmonitorthehealthofyourtiresregularly.A.Whydotireshavehairs?B.Tirehairsdon'thaveanyeffectonsafedriving.C.Arethereanyotherinterestingfactsaboutcars?D.Theylookfunny,yeteverynewcartirehasthem.E.Itcouldbeasignthattiresareworn,oldandneedtobereplaced.F.Theexactnumbervariesbasedonthedesignandsizeofthetires.G.Becausetiny-sizeescapeventsarecreatedthroughouteachmold,littletirehairsareborn.三、語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Onesunnyafternoon,JackandIrodehardtowardshishouse.Thesunshone21．onJack'sblackbicycle.Youwouldneverseehisbikewith22．onit.AsIbentover,ItookaglimpseofJack'sshiningschool23．.Jackwasalwaysneatandtidy,buthisclotheswereoldand24．.Ioften25．ifheownedanythingelse.Weturnedintoastreetlinedwithsmall,oldrailwayhouses.Jackopenedagateandwewentthroughit.Igotoffmybikeand26．itagainstthegaragewall.Itwasasmall,whitewashedhouse.Thetinyareaoflawnwasneatly27．.Wewentinbythebackdoor.Thekitchenhadacupboard,asmalldiningtablewiththreechairsandanancientcooker.Everythingwas28．clean.InJack'sroom,ithadabed,aone-doorcloset,andatable.Severalbookswere29．a(chǎn)gainstthewallononecornerofthetable,andontheothercorner30．a(chǎn)modelsteamengine.Jackdemonstratedtomehowtheengine31．.IlookedatJack'sfaceandabroadsmilespreadoverit.Feelingashamed,IreflectedthatIgrewupina32．wealthyhome.Myclosetwas33．withnewandfashionableclothes.Ihadastate-of-the-artten-speedracingbike.34．,IoftendidnotappreciatewhatIhad.Itookitallforgranted.Bycontrast,Jackhadalmostnothing,buthewashappyand35．.Thankyou,Jack,forunknowinglyteachingmethevalueofbeingsatisfiedwithwhatI'vegot.21．A．briefly B．regularly C．slowly D．brightly22．A．dirt B．decorations C．passengers D．damage23．A．coat B．tie C．shoes D．hat24．A．generous B．clean C．worn D．ugly25．A．meant B．wondered C．a(chǎn)rgued D．knew26．A．protected B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．rested D．covered27．A．drawn B．crossed C．waved D．shaped28．A．nearly B．spotlessly C．naturally D．severely29．A．spread B．stored C．placed D．hidden30．A．lied B．stood C．set D．put31．A．rose B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．flamed D．worked32．A．relatively B．humblyC．traditionally D．respectively33．A．stuffed B．engaged C．equipped D．surrounded34．A．Therefore B．NeverthelessC．Otherwise D．Subsequently35．A．energetic B．modest C．curious D．content四、第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。It'saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,36．UNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Theteam37．(devote)toprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁畫)andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof38．takesaboutathousandyears,fromthe4thcenturytothe14thcentury.Theculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceover39．(century)ontheancientSilkRoad.Commonly40．(see)"diseases"affectingthemuralsincludecrackingandflaking,aswellaserosionthatiscausedbychangesintemperatureandhumidityofthecaves,andthedepositionofsalts.Torestoreamuralrequiresanall-rounder.Restorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofamason(石匠)andhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,41．(be)abletorecognizetheproblemsandtheir42．(correspond)causesanddeliverasolution.Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,43．formallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.Therestorationshouldrespecttheoriginalworkandaimtomaintainthestatusquoofthemuralsratherthanrepaintingthem.Whentherestorersfindsomepartsofmuralsmissing44．fadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreatea"perfect"45．(appear)inrestoration.五、寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)46．第一節(jié)假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Lucy的生日即將到來，你特意給她寄了一些具有中國特色的禮物。請你給她寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.你的祝福；2.簡要介紹你的禮物；3.表達期望。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3,請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearLucy,Yours,LiHua47．第二節(jié)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Asthesundippedbelowthehorizon,castingawarmglowovertheanimalshelter,Sarahwalkedthroughtherowsofcagesuntilhereyeslandedonasmall,tremblingdoghuddled(蜷縮)inthecorner."IthinkI'vefoundtheone,"Sarahwhisperedsoftlytoherselfasshelookedintothedog'ssadeyes.Thistimid,abandoneddoghadnoideathatajourneyoftransformationwithfriendlypeoplelayinstoreforhim.Theshelterstaffexplainedthatthedog,namedBuddy,hadadifficultpastandwasveryshyandscared.Sarahextendedahand,offeringasoothingtone,"Heysweetie,youmusthaveastorytotell,butfromnowon,you'vegotabuddyinme."BringingBuddyhomewasjustthebeginningoftheirjourney,whichwasrockyatfirstforhim.Everythingwasstrangeandnew,causinghimtohideunderfurnitureandstartleateverysound.Therefore,Sarahprovidedacozybed,deliciousmeals,andmostimportantly,heapsofloveandcomfort.Slowlybutsurely,hestartedtoemergefromhisshell,wagginghistailtentativelyandgazingatSarahwithaglimmerofhopeinhiseyes.UnderSarah'spatientandlovingguidance,Buddyflourished,evenlearningtricksandcommands,andformingadeepbondwithhisnewowner.Thejourneyofhealingturnedouttobeasuccess.ButSarahhadneverexpecteditwouldbringaboutanotherone.Oneday,whilescrollingthroughsocialmedia,Sarahcameacrossaheartwarmingstoryaboutdogsbeingtrainedtoassistchildrenwithautism(自閉癥).Thosechildrenhadsocialcommunicationdifficultiesandhadfewfacialexpressionsandgestures.Withouthesitation,sheinquiredabouttheprogramandsoon,Buddywasenrolledintrainingtobecomeacertifiedtherapy(治療)dog.ButshewasunsurewhetherBuddywouldbecomfortablewiththenewchallenge.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Theirfirstdayatthetherapycenterwasfilledwithuncertainty.AstheweeksprogressedSarahnoticedaremarkablechangebothinthechildrenandBuddy.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個2024年最佳旅游目的地。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做判斷推理題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TopCity:Nairobi部分中"NairobiNationalPark,justashortdriveoutofthecity'scentralbusinessdistrict,isamust-see,wherevisitorscanseeover-400specieswanderingtheopengrassplainswhileskyscraperstwinkleonthehorizon.(內(nèi)羅畢國家公園，離城市的中央商務(wù)區(qū)只有很短的車程，是一個不容錯過的地方，在那里游客可以看到400多種野生動物在開闊的草原上游蕩，摩天大樓在地平線上閃閃發(fā)光)"可知，在內(nèi)羅畢國家公園，人們可以看到各種不同種類的野生動物。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TopBest-ValueLocation:TheAmericanMidwest部分中"TheAmericanMidwest,includingthecitiesofChicagoandDetroit,isalsoonthelist,asitoffersahigh-qualitytravelexperienceatareasonablecost.(包括芝加哥和底特律在內(nèi)的美國中西部城市也榜上有名，因為它以合理的成本提供了高質(zhì)量的旅行體驗)"可知，美國中西部被認(rèn)為是最有價值的地方是因為它提供了高性價比的旅行體驗。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Areyoulookingforinspirationforyournexttraveldestination?LonelyPlanethaspublisheditsyearlylistoftopplacestogo.Whetheryou'relookingforadventure,culture,orvalue,there'ssomethingforeverytypeoftraveler.Let'sexplorethe.toppicksfortraveldestinationsin2024.(你在為下一個旅游目的地尋找靈感嗎?《孤獨星球》日前公布了年度最佳旅游目的地榜單。無論你是在尋找冒險、文化還是價值，都有適合每種類型的旅行者的東西。讓我們來探索一下。2024年旅游目的地的最佳選擇)"可知，本文的主要目的是介紹了四個2024年最佳旅游目的地，也就是告知讀者。故選C。【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是瑪雅列車項目給當(dāng)?shù)貛淼暮锰幰约皩＜覀儗τ谶@一項目給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境及生態(tài)將會造成的影響的擔(dān)憂，并指出我們不應(yīng)該以犧牲生態(tài)為代價來發(fā)展經(jīng)濟。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做判斷推理題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段"OnDecember16,2023,thefirstsectionofMayaTrainofficiallyopened,(2023年12月16日，瑪雅火車第一段正式開通)"可知，瑪雅火車只有第一部分正式對公眾開放，所以B項是錯的，根據(jù)文章第二段"Oncetheprojectiscompleted,theentirerailsystemwilllinktouristdestinationsacrossfivestates.(一旦項目完成，整個鐵路系統(tǒng)將連接五個州的旅游目的地)"可知，一旦項目完成將會促進旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，所以D項不對；A項沒有提及；根據(jù)文章第二段最后"However,environmentalistsandarchaeologistsarguethatthetrainroutewillcausegreatdamagetotheenvironmentandancientMayansites.(然而，環(huán)保主義者和考古學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這條鐵路線將對環(huán)境和古瑪雅遺址造成巨大破壞)"可知，瑪雅火車項目也引起了一些專業(yè)人士的關(guān)注，所以C項正確。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Thetrainlines,morethan60meterswide,couldactasartificialbarriersthatmaylimitthemovementoftheseanimalswithinthereserve,makingitdifficultforthemtomovearoundandaccessfoodandwatersources.(這些超過60米寬的火車線可能會作為人工屏障，限制這些動物在保護區(qū)內(nèi)的活動，使它們難以四處走動，難以獲得食物和水源)"可知，這些火車線會限制動物在保護區(qū)內(nèi)的活動。故選B。6．推理判斷題。第四段第一句"Opponentsalsoexpresssafetyconcerns.(反對者也表達了對安全的擔(dān)憂)"為主旨句，所以第四段主要講的是專家們對于安全方面的擔(dān)憂，后文的"Certainsectionsoftherailsystemwillbebuiltrightontopoftheaquifer's(地下水層的)mostfragilepointsofcontactwiththesurface.(鐵路系統(tǒng)的某些部分將建在含水層與地表接觸的最脆弱點的頂部)"以及"Puttingtrainsweighingthousandsoftonsontopcouldcausetheundergroundcavestocrashdown.Toconstructthetraininfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)alsorequiresdrivinglongpilesdeepintotheground,whichposesabigthreattothisfragileecosystemandleadstowatershortages.(把數(shù)千噸重的火車放在上面可能會導(dǎo)致地下洞穴坍塌。建設(shè)鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施還需要將長樁深入地下，這對脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成了巨大威脅，并導(dǎo)致水資源短缺)"作為兩個supportingevidence來支撐主旨句。由此推知，作者提到eggshells(蛋殼)是為了強調(diào)瑪雅列車項目對含水層系統(tǒng)的潛在危害。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"WhileMayaTrainmayprovideeconomicbenefits,wemustnotoverlookthepotentialenvironmentalandculturallosses,aswellasthesafetyrisksitmaybring.Achievingharmonybetweenprogressandconservationmaybeasignificantchallengefortheproject,butwemusttakeintoaccountthelong-termconsequencesofouractions.(雖然瑪雅火車可能提供經(jīng)濟效益，但我們不能忽視潛在的環(huán)境和文化損失，以及它可能帶來的安全風(fēng)險。實現(xiàn)進步和保護之間的和諧可能是該項目面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)，但我們必須考慮到我們行動的長期后果)"可知，在作者看來雖然瑪雅火車項目會帶來一定的經(jīng)濟效益，但是我們決不能忽視潛在的環(huán)境和文化方面的損失，以及它有可能帶來的安全方面的風(fēng)險。由此推知，我們得認(rèn)真考慮我們的行為所帶來的長期后果，即經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展不應(yīng)該以犧牲環(huán)境為代價。故選C。【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本篇文章主要圍繞科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了1.55億年前"消失的"阿爾戈大陸而展開。文章解釋了阿爾戈大陸早年從澳大利亞大陸分離，往西北方向漂移，最終在印度尼西亞島嶼的東部以廣泛分散的碎片形式被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對于科學(xué)家們研究生物多樣性以及東南亞島嶼上神秘的華萊士線都有著重要的意義。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題和主旨大意題四種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做判斷推理題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。詞義猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關(guān)系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構(gòu)詞法知識、上下文語境、因果關(guān)系來推測詞義。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析即對文章內(nèi)部各層次間的邏輯關(guān)系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Usingthistheory,geologistsatUtrechtUniversitydiscoveredthatArgolandhadn'treallydisappearedbutsurvivedasa"veryextendedandfragmentedcollection"undertheislandstotheeastofIndonesia.(利用這一理論，烏特勒支大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，阿爾戈大陸并沒有真正消失，而是作為一個"非常廣泛并分散的集合體"存在于印度尼西亞東部的島嶼下方)"可知，阿爾戈大陸是以碎片的形式存在于印度尼西亞東部島嶼之下。故選D。9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文"UnlikeothercontinentslikeAfricaandSouthAmerica,whichbrokeneatlyintotwopieces,Argolandsplitintomanysmallerfragments"可知，阿爾戈大陸不像非洲和南美洲那樣是整齊地分裂成兩部分，阿爾戈蘭大陸分裂成許多較小的碎片，再結(jié)合畫線詞下文"whichmadeitdifficultforscientiststolocateandstudythecontinent'sgeologicalfeatures"可知，這使得科學(xué)家很難確定它的位置并研究它的地質(zhì)特征。然而，利用先進的技術(shù)和這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在能夠?qū)⑺鼈兤礈惼饋?。故畫線詞所在句應(yīng)表示阿爾戈大陸分裂成許多"分散的"小碎片。"Distributed"意為"分散的"，符合語境，故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"Tracingthecontinentsisvitalforunderstandingprocessesliketheevolutionofbiodiversity.ItcouldhelpexplainsomethingknownasthemysteriousWallaceline,whichisanimaginaryboundarythatseparatesmammals,birds,andevenearlyhumanspeciesinSoutheastAsianislands.Theboundaryhaspuzzledscientistsbecauseofhowclearlyitseparatestheisland'swildlife.Tothewestofthelineareplacentalmammalslikeapesandelephants.Butthesearealmostcompletelyabsenttotheeast,whereyoucanfindmarsupialsandcockatoos—animalstypicallyassociatedwithAustralia.ResearchershavetheorizedthatthismaybebecauseArgolandcarrieditsownwildlifeawayfromAustraliabeforeitcrashedintoSoutheastAsia,whichhelpsexplainwhydifferentspeciesarefoundindifferentnations.(追溯大陸的變遷對于我們理解生物多樣性的發(fā)展過程至關(guān)重要。這有助于解釋神秘的華萊士線，它是一條虛構(gòu)的邊界，將東南亞島嶼上的哺乳動物、鳥類甚至早期人類物種分隔開來。這條邊界之所以令科學(xué)家困惑，是因為它清晰地劃分了島嶼上的野生動物。在這條線的西側(cè)是類似猿和大象的胎盤哺乳動物，但這些動物在該線的東側(cè)幾乎完全不存在，取而代之的是有袋類動物和鳳頭鸚鵡等通常與澳大利亞相關(guān)聯(lián)的動物。研究人員推測，這可能是因為阿爾戈大陸帶著自己的野生動物從澳大利亞漂移至東南亞，這有助于解釋為什么不同的物種分布在不同的國家)"可推知，第四段提及"華萊士線"旨在強調(diào)追溯阿爾戈大陸的意義。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"GeologistshavelongbeenfascinatedbyamissingpieceofEarth'shistory—alostcontinentcalledArgoland.Around155millionyearsago,the5,000-kilometercontinentbrokeofffromWesternAustraliaandbegandrifting(漂移),leavingbehindabasindeepbelowtheoceanknownastheArgoAbyssalPlain.ButwheredidArgolandactuallygo?(長期以來，地質(zhì)學(xué)家一直對地球歷史上缺失的一段歷史著迷——一塊名為阿爾戈蘭的失落大陸。大約1.55億年前，這塊5000公里長的大陸從西澳大利亞分離出來，開始漂流，在海洋深處留下了一個盆地，被稱為阿爾戈深海平原。但阿爾戈蘭到底去了哪里？)"結(jié)合本篇文章主要圍繞科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了1.55億年前"消失的"阿爾戈大陸而展開。文章解釋了阿爾戈大陸早年從澳大利亞大陸分離，往西北方向漂移，最終在印度尼西亞島嶼的東部以廣泛分散的碎片形式被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對于科學(xué)家們研究生物多樣性以及東南亞島嶼上神秘的華萊士線都有著重要的意義。結(jié)合選項，A項"失落大陸的發(fā)現(xiàn)"能夠概括文章主旨，故選A。【答案】12．C13．A14．A15．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學(xué)院的專家團隊利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環(huán)保玻璃。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題和詞義猜測題三種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做判斷推理題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。詞義猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關(guān)系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構(gòu)