2024-2025學年高中英語語法專題17主謂一致教案含解析新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE1十七、主謂一樣1并列結構作主語時的主謂一樣⒈由and連接主語時and連接的兩個或多個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不行數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時依據(jù)意義或概念確定謂語用單數(shù)或復數(shù)①并列主語表示不同的人、物或概念時謂語動詞用復數(shù)如：LiMingandZhangHuaaregoodstudents.Likemanyothers,thelittletrampandthenaughtyboyhaverushedthereinsearchofgold.小流浪漢和淘氣的小男孩也趕到那里找尋金子。Bothriceandwheataregrowninthisarea.②并列主語表示同一個人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式如：Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.那位教授兼作家正在會上發(fā)言。HislawyerandformercollegefriendwaswithhimonhistriptoEurope.他的律師兼高校時代的摯友陪他去歐洲旅行。留意：指同一個人或物時，并列主語前只用一個冠詞；指不同的須要分別加冠詞；但兩個名詞具有分別的對立的意思時只須要一個冠詞即可如：thewriterandtheeducatorhavevisitedourschool.thewriterandeducatorhasvisitedourschool.Aboyandgirlareplayingtennis.③并列主語前有each,every,manya，no等修飾時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：Eachdoctorand(each)nurseworkinginthehospitalwasaskedtohelppatients.Everyman,womanandchildisentitledtotakepartintheactivity.Everyboyand(every)girladmireshimforhisfinesenseofhumour.Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasmadethesamemistake.Noboyandnogirlistherenow.沒有任何男孩和女孩在那里留意：manya跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞但是表示復數(shù)意義翻譯為很多如：Manyastudentwasdisappointedafterseeingthemovie.④并列主語為不行分的整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：Alawandruleaboutprotectingenvironmenthasbeendrawnup.Theknifeandforkhasbeenwashed.Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.留意；常被視為主體的結構Acupandsaucer一副杯碟Ahorseandcar馬車Aknifeandfork一副刀叉Alawandrule法規(guī)Aneedleandthread一套針線Fishandchips炸魚加炸薯條Thestarsandstripes星條旗⒉由（either)…or或neither…nor等連接的主語時由either…or；neither…nor；or；notonly…but(also)…連接主語時，謂語動詞陳述句中就近原則如：EitheryouorJaneistobesenttoNewYork.要你要么簡被派往紐約。Neitheryounorhehasfinishedtheexperiment.Notonlytheoldfarmerbutalsohisfamilywerefriendlytome.Notonlyhisfriendsbutalsohehimselfislookingforwardtotakingpartintheparty.⒊主語由確定否定兩部分構成謂語跟確定部分走如：NotyoubutIamtoanswerthequestion.I,notyou,amtoanswerthequestion.2單一主語的主謂一樣⒈名詞本身自帶s作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)①學科名詞：physics物理；mathematics/maths數(shù)學；economics經(jīng)濟學；politics政治學；新聞news；體操Gymnastics如：Asweknow,Physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.醒是自然科學中的一門基礎學科。Mathematicsisarequiredcourseformiddleschoolstudent.數(shù)學是中學生的一門必修課。Einsteinoncesaid,"Politicsismuchmoredifficultthanphysics."留意：當mathematics表示運算時謂語動詞用單數(shù)復數(shù)皆可如：Ifmymathematicsis/areright,theansweris56.假如我的運算正確，答案就是56。Thetelevisionnewsisat7clockintheeveningeveryday.Gymnasticsismysistesfavouritesport.②有些名詞單復數(shù)同行依據(jù)是單數(shù)概念還是復數(shù)概念推斷謂語如：means方式方法aircraft飛機works工廠crossroads十字路口deer鹿sheep羊fish魚Thisworkswasbuildin1982.Byfar,threesteelworkshavebeencloseddowninthiscity.Thismeansoftransporthasbeentried.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.③由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)如：chopsticks筷子compasses圓規(guī)glasses眼鏡gloves手套Jeans牛仔褲shoes鞋子scissors剪子shorts短褲socks短襪trousers褲子Mytrousersarewhiteandhisclothesareblack.我的褲子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。Whyareyourshoessodirty?留意：假如這些詞由單位詞（apairof，asuitof，apieceof,akindof等）靠飾時，單位詞的單復數(shù)確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)如：Apairofscissorsislyinginthatdrawer.Thesekindsofglassesarepopularthissummer.④表示國家、人名、書名、組織機構等的專出名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：TheunitedStatesisadevelopedcountryTheNewYorkTimesiswidelyreadintheworld.⑤以-s結尾的群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等專出名詞謂語動詞用復數(shù)如：TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplants.植物種類繁多TheNiagaraFallsaresplendidwaterfalls.⑥以-s結尾的名詞作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)如：belongings財產(chǎn)clothes衣服plastics塑料制品eamings收入goods貨物leavings剩余savings儲存Allthegoodsareveryexpensive.⒉集體名詞作主語時①mankind,humanity,man作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)如：Onlymanknowshowtocook.有人懂得烹飪留意：mankind表示“人（類）”有時表示復數(shù)意義，其表語是復數(shù)。如：Mankindareintelligentanimals人是理智的動物.②people,police,cattle,youte作主語時，只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復數(shù)意義謂語動詞用復數(shù)如：Thepoliceareinvestigatingtheriot.Thecattlearegrazingthethefiled.Manycattlewerekilledforthis.留意：people作民族講時有復數(shù)形式。如：Thereare56peoplesinChina.③family,crowd等作主語時，依據(jù)概念確定謂語動詞這類集體名詞有：Army；assembly；audience；band；class；club；committee；company；congress；youthcrew；crowdenemy；familygang；govermmentgroupherd；jurypopulation；publicteam強調整體，用單數(shù)謂語；強調個體，用復數(shù)謂語。如：ThefamilyisgoingtomovetoNewYork.Thefarmilyhavedifferentopinionsabouttheirgoingabroad.Thefootballclubcommitteearrangesallthematches.Thefootballclubcommitteehavedecidedtodismisshim.比較：Afamily，agroup,aclass作主語時用單數(shù)謂語Families,groups,classes作主語時用復數(shù)謂語如：Agroupiscomingtothezoo.人正朝著動物園走來。④baggage/luggage(行李），clothing（衣服），furniture（家具），machinery（機器），poetry(詩），scenery（風景），jewery（珠寶），equipment（設備）等，是不行數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞（當然更不能用數(shù)詞）如：Ourclothingprotectsusfrom(against)thecold.我們的衣服可以御寒。Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage?你全部行李都托運了嗎?留意：machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相應的個體可數(shù)名詞是machine,poem，jewel，scene等。如：apoem/apieceofpoetry（一首詩），manymachines/muchmachinery/manypiecesofmachinery（很多機器）。⑤hair的用法hair（頭發(fā)，毛發(fā)）指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為集合名詞（可數(shù)）；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為個體名詞（可數(shù)）。如：Myhairhasgrownverylong.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了.Thepolicefoundtwohairsthere.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā).⑥fruit的用法fruit（水果）作為集合名詞它通常是不行數(shù)的。如：Hedoesn'teatmuchfruit.他不大吃水果.Heisgrowingfruitinthecountry.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果.但是，當要表示種類時，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即afruit指一種水果，fruits指多種水果。比較：Somefruitshavethickskins.有些水果皮很厚。⒊非謂語動詞或從句作主語時①非謂語動詞或從句作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：Toimproveagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney.Toseeistobelieve.Swimmingisagoodwaytokeephealth.Howtheywillsolvetheproblemremainstobeseen.Whethershewillcomeisnotknown.②多個非謂語動詞作主語，表達一個概念謂語用單數(shù)，表達不同概念謂語用復數(shù)如：Goingtobeearlyandgettingupearlyisgoodforyourhealth.（早睡早起一個概念）Readingbooksandplayingtabletennisaremygreatpleasure.（讀書和打乒乓球是兩個概念）Listening,speaking,readingandwritingareallimportant.Tobestrictwithoneselfandtobekindtoothersaregoodqualitiesofaperson.3其他狀況的主謂一樣⒈表示距離、時間、長度、金額、質量等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時常被看作是整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這類復數(shù)名詞有：miles,dollars，pounds,kilograms公斤/千克，kilometres公里，centimetres厘米，millimetres毫米，seconds,hours,years等如：Fivedollarsseemsafairprice.是一個公道的價格TwokilometresisnotveryfarfortheyoungmanFivehoursisashorttimeforsuchadifficultjob⒉假如強調數(shù)目謂語動詞用復數(shù)如：Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Morethantwentyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.⒊算數(shù)中的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，有時也用復數(shù)如：Fivetimeseightis/arefortyFourandeightmakes/maketwelveSixtyminussevenleavesfifty-threeForty-eightdividedbysixiseight⒋復合不定代詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：Everyonesomethinganybodynowhere.Everyoneintheclasswassurprisedatthenews.Listen!Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Isanyonegoingtotellhimthenews?⒌eachoneof…，everyoneof…，anyoneof…，oneof…等作主語時謂語用單數(shù)如：Eachofthegirlinourclasshasabalioon.我們班每個女孩都有一個氣球Eachofthestudentswasaskedtospeakforthreeminutes.Everyoneofthemisfamiliartome.截對他們都很熟識⒍each,every作形容詞修飾主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，但是each作復數(shù)主語的同位語時謂語用復數(shù)如：Each/Everyboyinourclasshasaskateboard.副滑板Theyeachhaveastateboard.Each/EverystudenthasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.ThestudentseachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.⒎noneof+不行數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；noneof,neitherof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/復數(shù)代詞，謂語動詞單復數(shù)皆可。eitherof/Noneofthatmoneyinthedeskishis.（不數(shù)名詞）Noneofhisclassmatesknowsthetruth.=Noneofhisclassmatesknowthetruth.Neitherofthestatementsistrue=Neitherofthestatementsareture.兩種說法沒有一個真實。如：Eitherofthequalificationsisacceptable=Eitherofthequalificationsareacceptable.⒏neither與either做形容詞修飾單數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：Eitherqualificationisacceptable.兩種資格中的任何一種都可以接受Neitherqualificationisacceptable.⒐分數(shù)百分數(shù)+of+名詞，someof,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,mostof,therestof,all（of）,half（of）謂語常與of后面的名詞一樣；分數(shù)百分數(shù)+of+復數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)代詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+單數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：Twothirdsofthestudentssupporttheplan.（復數(shù)名詞）Onetenthofthemaresufferingfromthiskindofillness.（復數(shù)代詞）Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.（單數(shù)名詞）EightypercentoftheemployeesinthecompanyarefromBejing.（百分數(shù)數(shù)復數(shù)名詞）Thirtypercentofitsareaisfloodedeachyear.（百分數(shù)單數(shù)名詞）Therestofthemoneybelongstoyou.Therestofthestudentsspeakforit.Halfoftheappleisrotten.Halfoftheapplesarerotten.⒑“morethanone單數(shù)名詞”結構作主語，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)，但它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;“more+復數(shù)名詞+thanone”結構作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。r如：Morethanonepersonhasknownthenews.不止一個人知道了這個消息。Morestudentsthanoneareforyourproposal.很多學生同意你的安排。⒒anumberof+復數(shù)名詞謂語用復數(shù)（很多的）；Thenumberof名詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)（…的數(shù)量）如：AnumberoftreesaregreeninApril.AgreatnumberoftouristshavebeentotheGreatWall.Alargenumberofworkerwereoutofworkbecausethefactorywasdestroyedinflood.Thenumberofstudentsinthecomputerclassislimitedtoten.Thenunberofworkerswhowereoutofworkwas1,000.⒓there/here...引導句子時就近原則如：Therearesomechairsandatableintheroom。Thereisatableandsomechairsintheroom。Herearesomegiftsforyou。Hereisabook,apenandsomepaperforyou.⒔當主語后接修飾語時With,alongwith,togetherwith,but,besides,except,like,including,inadditionto,aswellas,ratherthan,謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一樣如：Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift.被作為禮物送給了這個國家。Theteacher,alongwithherstudents,isgoingtoattendthelecture.Apeasant,togetherwithsomesoldiers,isabouttohelpus.Allbutonehavearrivedhere.除了一個人外全部人都到了。Nooneexcepttwostudentswaslateforclass.沒有其他人上課遲到Thegarage,inadditio