高考英語考點(diǎn)解讀命題熱點(diǎn)突破-專題 完形填空

專題13完形填空【考向解讀】完形填空是在語篇中測試考生英語知識、閱讀能力、思維能力和判斷能力的綜合性試題，是一種要求高、難度大、區(qū)分度高、分值大的題型。該題型要求考生綜合運(yùn)用各種知識，對給出的選項(xiàng)做出合理判斷，以便使重新構(gòu)建的文章主旨鮮明、文意通順、邏輯合理。因此該題型難度較大。完形填空既可以在語篇中考查考生的詞匯知識，又可以考查考生運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識的能力，如詞義辨析、詞語搭配、習(xí)慣用法，包括語言交際、文化背景和社會風(fēng)俗等，同時(shí)還要求考生必須具備良好地把握上下文行文邏輯的能力和整個(gè)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。2016年高考完形填空的命題將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持“考查語境，突出語篇，注重實(shí)詞，淡化語法”的命題原則，繼續(xù)加大對實(shí)詞意義辨析的考查力度，并突出考查考生的分析判斷能力、連貫性思維能力和對語境的把握能力?！久}熱點(diǎn)突破一】利用上下文信息考生從上下文尋找有關(guān)暗示及線索，如體裁線索、時(shí)態(tài)變化線索、詞匯線索、句法線索、社會文化線索、上下文情景線索等，對文章的情景進(jìn)行邏輯推理，抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語，理順句子之間的關(guān)系，仔細(xì)答題。1．上下求索找信息，即從全篇的上文、下文中尋找信息每篇文章都有其內(nèi)在的線索，而上下文則是營造語言環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)，也是進(jìn)行邏輯推理的依據(jù)。通讀全文大意，根據(jù)上下文尋找信息詞，是提高準(zhǔn)確率的關(guān)鍵。(1)運(yùn)用前置信息例1、(2016·全國Ⅰ片段)LarryworkswithTransportDrivers，Inc.Onemorningin2009，Larrywas41.travelingalong165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.customers.Suddenly，hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43.Ashegotcloser，hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.44．A.each B．a(chǎn)notherC．that D．his答案B(2)運(yùn)用后置信息例2、(2016·全國Ⅱ片段)Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(裝置)onyourdesk.Andthey’veneveractually41.metyou.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou42.camethroughthisdevice，sometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.43.Yettheyfeeltheycanknowyou44.justfromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthe45is.Powerful，yes，butnotalways46.accurate.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone...45．A.telephone B．voiceC．connection D．impression答案A解析考查上下文理解。根據(jù)46空后的“onlybyphone”可知本文介紹的是電話，人們可以通過電話了解你。故A項(xiàng)正確。2．巧妙利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確判斷邏輯信息平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語氣一致的句子或詞組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構(gòu)形式上整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容上緊密相連。例3、(2016·全國Ⅰ片段)Onemorelookandhenoticed45.flamesshootingoutfromunderthe46.disabledvehicle.Larrypulledover，setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(滅火器)．Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.47．A.gotholdof B．preparedC．tookchargeof D．controlled答案A3．利用作者的情感態(tài)度(褒貶性)，判斷是非曲直幾乎每篇完形填空都有一定的作者情感態(tài)度，這種褒貶性反映了作者的特定心理、情緒狀態(tài)和寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能對文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷，從而在吃透文意并準(zhǔn)確傳遞文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出每一空的準(zhǔn)確信息，找出能反映語境褒貶性的標(biāo)志性詞語或句子，大膽預(yù)測下文。例4、(2016·全國Ⅱ片段)...Shegavemea53.comfortingsmile，noddedwhilelisteningpatiently，andthenprintedoutthe54.ticketimmediately.“Whatawonderfullady！”Ithought.Rushingout55.gratefullyIcalledoutovermyshoulder，“Bytheway，what’syourname？”“I’mRani，”shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa56womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Iwas57.speechless！WhyhadIthoughtshewascold？Raniwas，well，so58.56．A.careful B．seriousC．nervous D．pleasant58．A.calm B．niceC．proud D．clever56．答案 D58．答案B【命題熱點(diǎn)突破二】固定搭配和詞語辨析固定搭配是高考完形填空的考查點(diǎn)之一。詞語的固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞的搭配比例較大。考生平時(shí)應(yīng)多讀、多記所學(xué)習(xí)語或固定搭配并牢固掌握，靈活運(yùn)用。1．左顧右盼——找搭配弄清前后的習(xí)慣搭配或句式結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：常常不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系，應(yīng)該結(jié)合上下文和語境定奪。例1、(2016·四川片段)Another53.trywasinorder.“Well，ifyoudon’twanttoreadit，giveit54.Maybeyourmomwould55.enjoyhearingthestory.”ThebooksailedthroughtheairtoAuntDedeandshebegantoreaditaloud...54．A.away B．outC．in D．back答案D解析考查固定搭配。根據(jù)后文的“ThebooksailedthroughtheairtoAuntDede...”可知，德德姑姑是讓萊內(nèi)將書歸還給她。giveaway分發(fā)，泄露；giveout發(fā)出；givein屈服；giveback歸還。根據(jù)語境可知選D。2．避免只重語意，忽略習(xí)慣搭配部分考生只是注重語境，忽視了詞匯的習(xí)慣搭配。因此考生把握語境的同時(shí)，要注意填入的名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞與空格前后某個(gè)詞匯的搭配，尤其注意與介詞和副詞的搭配。例2、(2016·天津片段)Lastsummer，shewantedto18.joinourlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinally19it.Theteampractice,20.however，wasaroughstart.19．A.increased B．foundC．created D．made答案D解析makeit固定搭配，意為“成功做成某事”。3．運(yùn)用詞語辨析選擇判斷此類題目一般4個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性相同、詞義相近或相同。主要考查學(xué)生在具體語境中對所學(xué)詞匯的辨析和運(yùn)用能力。例3、(2016·全國Ⅱ片段)Powerful，yes，butnotalways46.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone.Rani，myfacelessagentwhomI’dnevermet47.inperson，gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares，cars，andhotels.46．A.direct B．usefulC．easy D．a(chǎn)ccurate答案D【命題熱點(diǎn)突破三】語法與邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)1．語法結(jié)構(gòu)完形填空對語法知識的測試重點(diǎn)在名詞、代詞的數(shù)和格、動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式、各種從句、主謂一致關(guān)系、并列結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、虛擬語氣等方面，并要注意結(jié)合詞匯的用法和習(xí)慣用語的搭配關(guān)系。例1、(2016·北京片段)TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher，Shannon，pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher，Shannon’sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.46．A.ThoughB．SinceC．WhenD．If答案C解析考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意為：當(dāng)他把藥物交給下一個(gè)人時(shí)，Shannon的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青。此處用When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。2．邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)完形填空的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)很強(qiáng)。通常考生可以根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)的一些邏輯關(guān)系詞就能準(zhǔn)確推測出下一個(gè)要考查的詞匯。此類題目主要通過了解全文的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等信息后，再分析句子和句子之間的關(guān)系，段落和段落之間的關(guān)系來解題。(1)句中邏輯關(guān)系例2、(2016·全國Ⅰ片段)Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48.cameoverandtoldLarryhehad49.madeanemergencycall.They50heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毀壞的)vehicle.50．A.then B．a(chǎn)gainC．finally D．even答案A解析考查句中邏輯關(guān)系。正當(dāng)那人與拉里說話，這時(shí)他們聽到車?yán)飩鱽硪粋€(gè)女人的聲音，此處用then表示“接著，然后”。(2)句間邏輯關(guān)系句間邏輯關(guān)系通常用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、遞進(jìn)、因果等明確的邏輯關(guān)系詞體現(xiàn)。有時(shí)候也可以通過滲透到篇章結(jié)構(gòu)層面，在句子與句子之間表現(xiàn)出來。例3、(2016·全國Ⅰ片段)Theytoldhertostay52.stilluntiltheemergencypersonnelarrived，53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.explode.53．A.forB．soC．a(chǎn)ndD．but答案D【命題熱點(diǎn)突破四】文化情景和生活常識要求考生能夠積極調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識和生活常識，尤其是東西方文化的差異，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，加強(qiáng)對題目的分析和判斷。例1、2016·浙江片段)Myhusbandwasorderedoutonalong-termduty，andIwasleftinatinyshack(棚屋)alone.Theheatwas23—almost125°Fevenintheshadeofacactus(仙人掌)．23．A.inflexible B．incomprehensibleC．uncontrollable D．unbearable答案D解析考查常識和形容詞辨析。根據(jù)后面提到的“almost125°Fevenintheshadeofacactus(仙人掌)”可知天氣很熱，因此應(yīng)該是讓人“無法忍受”。inflexible不靈活的；incomprehensible無法理解的；uncontrollable無法控制的；unbearable不能忍受的?！久}熱點(diǎn)突破五】排除法在有些情況下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道題的答案，又發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項(xiàng)很明顯是錯(cuò)誤的，可以嘗試用排除法。考生可以根據(jù)空格的位置，從語法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語搭配、習(xí)慣用法、上下文語境、詞義辨析等方面，對選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)不合適的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)立即排除。例5．(2015·高考陜西卷，節(jié)選)Ilookedathimawhile，then__37__thecombandheadedtothesink.37．A．dropped B．tookC．handedD．threw解析：選B。此處是三個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，“我”看了爸爸一會兒，然后______梳子，朝洗臉盆走去?？梢圆捎门懦?drop丟下，hand交給，throw扔，均不符合語境。表示“拿走”用take?！痉椒记伞坑捎谶@些設(shè)空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏筆”和“暗示”的，所以要求考生對空白前后的情景進(jìn)行合理想象，然后隨著選擇范圍的縮小，最終選出正確的選項(xiàng)。排除法如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，可以大大節(jié)省時(shí)間和精力。第一步重視首句，把握開篇認(rèn)真閱讀短文開頭的一兩句可判斷文章的體裁，預(yù)測文章的大意和主旨。第二步通讀全文，把握大意考生答題時(shí)，應(yīng)首先把短文從頭到尾快速閱讀一遍，從整體上感知全文，把握其大意。通讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方，仍要快速讀下去，只有這樣才能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測和推斷文章的主旨，便于考生整體理解短文，形成完整的思路。第三步細(xì)讀全文，確定選項(xiàng)應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、短文自身完整的語境以及英語單詞詞義的細(xì)微區(qū)別，綜合運(yùn)用已掌握的語言知識對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理、分析和判斷。要理順?biāo)悸?，前后參照，上下貫通，仔?xì)推敲，逐項(xiàng)排除與全文中心思想不一致的選項(xiàng),最后確定最能恰如其分地表達(dá)中心思想的正確選項(xiàng)。第四步重視復(fù)核，消除疏漏要檢查是否前后連貫，意思通順。如果有些地方意義含混不清或矛盾，就應(yīng)該依據(jù)文章的主旨大意并結(jié)合上下文信息來重新考慮，仔細(xì)權(quán)衡后加以改正。對于個(gè)別難度較大的空項(xiàng),可以憑著自己的語感，堅(jiān)持第一感覺選擇的答案?！久}熱點(diǎn)突破六】考查語境推理完形填空所提供的是一篇完整的短文，其段與段、句與句甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的、千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。完形填空中每一個(gè)空格的設(shè)置都不是隨心所欲的，命題人主要通過上下文暗示出的某種信息來保證答案的正確性和唯一性。因此考生在選擇答案時(shí)不要只注意選項(xiàng)所在的短語、句子或段落,還要善于從上下文中尋找相關(guān)的提示信息。完形填空50%以上的題目都是語篇層次上的語意辨析，必須根據(jù)上下文的意思來判斷。而斷章取義、就題論題、忽略上下文的信息提示是考生常犯的錯(cuò)誤。(2015·高考全國卷Ⅱ，節(jié)選)Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething？School？Afriend？Atutor？Theseareall__21(traditional)__placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant__22(lies)__somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe__23(chance)__ofseeingthisfirsthandona__24(weekend)__．Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso__25__atournament，whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome__26__experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams__27__trained.25．A．won B．enteredC．organized D．watched26．A．painful B．strangeC．common D．practical解析：選A。結(jié)合上下文可知，她們周末對抗的球隊(duì)是一些受過更好訓(xùn)練的強(qiáng)隊(duì)，因此這給她們帶來的肯定是一些痛苦的(painful)經(jīng)歷。strange奇怪的，common普通的,practica實(shí)際的，均與語境不符。故選A。27．A．less B．poorlyC．newly D．better解析：選D。根據(jù)上文提到的moreskilledclubteams可知,這些參加錦標(biāo)賽的球隊(duì)都是經(jīng)過更好(better)訓(xùn)練的球隊(duì)。less更少，poorly糟糕地，二者意思與語境相反；newly最近，新近，與語境不符。故選D?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】對這類題的解答要做到瞻前顧后，前后參照，科學(xué)推理。對于邏輯推理類題，要深入分析，通過句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系排除不恰當(dāng)選項(xiàng)，逐步縮小范圍；還要通過下文所提供的信息進(jìn)行反向推斷，此時(shí)要前后參照，用前面的事實(shí)推后面的結(jié)果，或用后面的結(jié)果驗(yàn)證前面的判斷。運(yùn)用邏輯推理解答完形填空必須做到有理、有據(jù)、合情合理，推理后的情節(jié)要與文章的主題相吻合，句子結(jié)構(gòu)要完整、正確。因此，此類試題的解答原則是:力求掌握文章的主旨大意，借助語篇中或空格處臨近的有效信息，綜合人物心理與情節(jié)的關(guān)系，科學(xué)推斷。同時(shí)要分析、推敲備選項(xiàng)(很多邏輯推理題往往與語意辨析緊密相連)，做到“完形”后的句子在結(jié)構(gòu)和意義兩方面均完全正確，且合乎邏輯，與文章的中心相一致。【命題熱點(diǎn)突破七】考查詞義辨析詞匯是完形填空試題的最大考點(diǎn)，主要凸顯實(shí)詞詞義辨析的考查，如名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞等，而且設(shè)置的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)常常是同一詞性。完形填空中的詞匯辨析題則是完全地依托于豐富的“語篇”的考查。要做好這類題目，除了要依托上下文語境外，還要求考生有豐富的詞匯儲備、扎實(shí)的構(gòu)詞知識和良好的英語語感，從而做到科學(xué)、靈活地辨析。例7、(2015·高考全國卷Ⅱ，節(jié)選)It__37__methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat__38_(learning)__momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.37．A．confused B．struckC．reminded D．warned【變式探究】(2015·高考天津卷，節(jié)選)Dayslater，wemadea(n)__23_(offer)__—farbelowtheaskingprice.Surprisingly，theydidn’t__24__us.Theyrenewedtheiroffer__25_(instead)__．24．A．comeacross B．lookafter解析：選D。由空后的Theyrenewedtheiroffer可知，他們沒有嘲笑我們(的出價(jià)比要價(jià)低得多)。comeacross偶然遇到;lookafter照顧；dependon依賴；laughat嘲笑。【特別提醒】在做詞義辨析類題時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)詞義選擇出符合語意的正確選項(xiàng)，但也可能出現(xiàn)意思相近的選項(xiàng)，即單從詞的意思上看，有兩個(gè)或三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是合適的，這時(shí)就要求考生特別注意區(qū)分它們之間細(xì)微的差別。同時(shí)，一定要把這些選項(xiàng)放在具體的語境里進(jìn)行區(qū)分、判斷，體會它們在上下文中所表示的不同意義，聯(lián)系語境選擇出合適選項(xiàng)。對于動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題，考生除了要清楚動(dòng)詞在上下文語境中的詞義外，還需要注意動(dòng)詞形式的變化。雖然動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不是高考完形填空考查的重點(diǎn)，但掌握好這一點(diǎn)有助于考生較好地理解語篇，把握語境，從而為下一步從意思上辨析選項(xiàng)做好準(zhǔn)備?！靖呖颊骖}解讀】1.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)I】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers.Inc.Onemorningin2009.Larrywas__41__along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(滅火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毀壞的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrive,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.41.A.walking B.touring C．traveling D．rushing42.A.passengers B.colleagues C.employers D.customers43.A.Since B.Although C.As D.If44.A.each B.another C.that D.his45.A.flames B.smoke C.water D.steam46.A.used B.disabled C.removed D.abandoned47.A.gotholdof B.prepared C.tookchargeof D.controlled48.A.camedown B.camethrough C.camein D.cameover49.A.returned B.received C.made D.confirmed50.A.then B.again C.finally D.even51.A.Starting B.Parking C.Passing D.Approaching52.A.quiet B.still C.away D.calm53.A.for B.so C.and D.but54.A.explode B.slipaway C.fallapart D.crash55.A.asif B.unless C.incase D.after56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedon D.setout57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver58.A.forbidden B.ready C.asked D.free59.A.forcertain B.forconsiderationC.reported D.checked60.A.patience B.skills C.efforts D.promise【答案】41-45CDCBA46-50BADCA51-55DBDAC56-60BBDAC46.B考查形容詞詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)第二段中awomen’svoicecomingfromthewreckedvehicle，可知汽車是毀壞了的，used使用；disabled殘廢的；removed被移除了的；abandoned被遺棄的。故選B。47.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句可知他下車去滅火。Getholdof拿起；prepare準(zhǔn)備；takechargeof負(fù)責(zé)；control控制。故選A。48.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)andtoldLarryhehad_48__anemergencycall可知，那個(gè)司機(jī)走了過來和Larry說話。Comedown下來；comethrough經(jīng)歷；comein進(jìn)來；comeover走過來。故選D。49.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)下文警察來了可知這個(gè)司機(jī)打了電話報(bào)警。Return歸還；receiveacall接到電話；makeacall打電話；confirm確認(rèn)。故選C。53.D考查連詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句可以推斷這位受困的女士想從汽車?yán)锍鰜恚鳯arry不讓她動(dòng)，怕她傷到脖子，這兩句話之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。for因?yàn)椋?So所以；and并且；but但是。故選D。54.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容判斷這位婦女害怕汽車會爆炸。Explore爆炸；slipaway溜走；fallapart崩潰；crash墜毀，摔碎；故選A。55.C考查短語和介詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)上文可知Larry害怕她脖子會受傷，前后句之間是假設(shè)關(guān)系。Asif仿佛；unless除非；incase以免；after在之后。故選C。56.B考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容可以推斷他們?yōu)榱瞬环恋K警察救人，都退到后面。Steppedforward邁步向前；backedoff退后；movedon繼續(xù)前行；setout出發(fā)；根據(jù)句意選B。57.B考查名詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)上文Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived可知是救援的警察趕到現(xiàn)場。woman婦女；police警察；man男人；driver司機(jī)；故選B。58.D考查形容詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句可知警察讓他離開了，由此判斷Larry詢問警察他是否可以離去。Forbidden被禁止的；ready有準(zhǔn)備的；asked被問到的；free自由的。Befreetodosth自由地做某事。故選D。59.A考查短語辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)上文可知Larry救人的事實(shí)是確定無疑的。forcertain確定無疑；forconsideration以供參考；report報(bào)道；check核實(shí)；故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查故事類短文閱讀2.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)II】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(裝置)onyourdesk.Andthey’veneveractually21you.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou22throughthisdevice,sometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.23theyfeeltheycanknowyou24fromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthe25is.Powerful,yes,butnotalways26.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone.Rani,myfacelessagentwhomI’dnevermet27,gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.Isometimeswishedto29anotheragent.Onemorning,Ihadto30animmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.IranintoRani’soffice31.Thewomansittingatthedesk,32mymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.Shegavemea33smile,noddedwhilelisteningpatiently,andthenprintedoutthe34immediately.“Whatawonderfullady!”Ithought.Rushingout35Icalledoutovermyshoulder,“Bytheway,what’syourname?”“I’mRani,”shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa36womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Iwas37!WhyhadIthoughtshewascold?Raniwas,well,so38.Sittingbackinthecaronthewaytotheairport,Ifigureditallout.Rani’s39herwarmsmile,hernods,her‘I’mhereforyou’40wereallsilentsignalsthatdidn’ttravelthroughwires.21.A.accepted B.noticed C.heard D.met22.A.came B.moved C.ran D.developed23.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed24.A.rather B.also C.just D.already25.A.Telephone B.voice C.connection D.impression26.A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate27.A.inperson B.bymyself C.inpublic D.onpurpose28.A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused29.A.promote B.train C.find D.know30.A.arrange B.postpone C.confirm D.book31.A.forthefirsttime B.atanytime C.fromtimetotimeD.ingoodtime32.A.expecting B.seeing C.testing D.avoiding33.A.shy B.comforting C.familiar D.forced34.A.bill B.form C.ticket D.list35.A.hopefully B.disappointedly C.gratefully D.regretfully36.A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant37.A.amused B.worried C.helpless D.speechless38.A.calm B.nice C.proud D.clever39.A.forgiveness B.eagerness C.friendliness D.skillfulness40.A.explanation B.attitude C.concept D.Behavior【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.A28.A29.C30.D31.A32.B33.B34.C35.C36.D37.D38.B39.C40.B23.B考查上下文串聯(lián)。雖然你們之間的距離很遠(yuǎn)，但是他們只要通過你的聲音，就可以了解你。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以使用副詞yet串聯(lián)前后語義。故B正確。24.C考查副詞辨析。副詞rather相當(dāng)?shù)?；also也；just只是；already已經(jīng)；本句使用just表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，別人只要通過聲音就可以了解你。故C正確。25.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)26空后“onlybyphone”可知本文介紹的是電話，人們可以通過電話了解你。故A正確。26.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate準(zhǔn)確的；本空前的but說明上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，電話雖然很強(qiáng)大，但是也并不是很準(zhǔn)確。與ABC三項(xiàng)語義不搭配。故D正確。27.A考查介詞辨析。介詞inperson親自，bymyself靠自己；inpublic當(dāng)眾；onpurpose故意地；A項(xiàng)與空前的faceless形成呼應(yīng)，Rani是代理人，但是我們從來沒有碰過面。故A正確。28.A考查上下文串聯(lián)?？涨暗腸oldvoice可知Rani在電話里的聲音很冷漠，和讓我很不高興，甚至想過要另外找一個(gè)代理人。說明我對他的聲音很反感。故A正確。29.C考查上下文串聯(lián)。動(dòng)詞promote提拔；train訓(xùn)練；find尋找，找到；know知道；正是因?yàn)镽ani的聲音讓我很不舒服，所以我曾經(jīng)想過另外找代理人取代他。故C正確。30.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞arrange預(yù)定；postpone推遲；confirm確認(rèn)；book預(yù)定；因?yàn)榧彝ブ械木o急事情我要立刻預(yù)定回家的航班。動(dòng)詞book與flight相搭配。故D正確。31.A考查介詞短語。短語forthefirsttime第一次；atanytime隨時(shí)；fromtimetotime時(shí)而不時(shí)；ingoodtime及時(shí)，迅速；因?yàn)榍闆r緊急，所以我第一次親自來到Rani的辦公室。故A正確。32.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞expect期待，預(yù)料；see看見；test檢測；avoid避免；她看到了我的著急，Rani非常同情我，給了我安慰的笑容。動(dòng)詞see與上下文搭配一致。33.B考查形容詞辨析。形容詞shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的；她看到我很著急，笑著安慰我。故B正確。34.C考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)30空可知我要預(yù)定回家的航班的機(jī)票，本句中Rani很快幫我把機(jī)票打印出來。故C正確。35.C考查上下文串聯(lián)。副詞hopefully充滿希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遺憾地；對方如此迅速地幫我把機(jī)票打印出來，而且一直面帶微笑，這讓我心存感激。故C項(xiàng)正確。考點(diǎn)：考查夾敘夾議類閱讀3.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)III】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.Thatmeant21MillerKing,whowasthebest22atourschool.FootballseasonstartedinSeptemberandallsummerlongIworkedout.Icarriedmyfootballeverywherefor23.JustbeforeSeptember,Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.Iwenttoseehimafterhecamebackfrom24.Helookedvery25,buthedidn’tcry.Thatseason,I26allofMiller`srecordswhilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,28IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’s29.Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller30goingoverafence—whichwasn’t31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.I’msureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept32from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I33himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally34ontheotherside,hesaidtome,＂Youknow,Ididn’ttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid35.Thankyouforfillinginfor36.＂Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad37.Ithoughttomyself,howevenwithoutanarmhewasmoreofaleader.Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewas38aheadofme.Iwasrighttohave39him.Fromthatdayon，Igrew40andalittlemorereal.21.A.cheeringfor B.beatingout C.relyingon D.stayingwith22.A.coach B.student C.teacher D.player23.A.practice B.show C.comfort D.pleasure24.A.school B.vacation C.hospital D.training25.A.pale B.calm C.relaxed D.ashamed26.A.held B.broke C.set D.tried27.A.reported B.judged C.organized D.watched28.A.and B.then C.but D.thus29.A.decision B.mistake C.accident D.sacrifice30.A.stuck B.hurt C.tried D.lost31.A.steady B.hard C.fun D.fit32.A.praise B.advice C.assistance D.apology33.A.let B.helped C.had D.noticed34.A.dropped B.ready C.trapped D.safe35.A.fine B.wrong C.quickly D.normally36.A.us B.yourself C.me D.them37.A.memories B.ideas C.attitudes D.dreams38.A.still B.also C.yet D.just39.A.challenged B.cured C.invited D.admired40.A.healthier B.bigger C.cleverer D.cooler【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.C30.A31.B32.C33.B34.D35.A36.C37.D38.A39.D40.B21.B考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A.cheeringfor為…歡呼；B.beatingout打??；C.relyingon依靠；D.stayingwith和待在一起。根據(jù)“becomethestaronourfootballteam”可知，要想成為球隊(duì)里的明星，就要打敗最優(yōu)秀的球員，故選B。26.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.held握??；B.broke打破；C.set創(chuàng)立，開創(chuàng)；D.tried嘗試。根據(jù)“records記錄”可知，作者破了Miller的紀(jì)錄，故選B。27.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.reported報(bào)告；B.judged判斷；C.organized組織；D.watched觀看。whilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench受傷后的Miller坐在長凳上觀看比賽，故選D。28.C考查并列連詞。A.and和；B.then然后；C.but但是；D.thus因此。Iwasnamedmostvaluableplayer和Ioftenhadcrazydreams形成對比，作者雖然被封為最有價(jià)值球員，但是他總是做噩夢，故選C。29.C考查名詞辨析。A.decision決定；B.mistake錯(cuò)誤；C.accident事故；D.sacrifice犧牲。讓作者感到內(nèi)疚的是，仿佛是自己應(yīng)該為Miller的事故負(fù)責(zé)，作者覺得有點(diǎn)勝之不武，故選C。30.A考查形容詞辨析。A.stuck；B.hurt；C.tired勞累的；D.lost丟失的。sawMiller30goingoverafence作者看到Miller在翻籬笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻籬笆很困難，因此應(yīng)該是被卡在籬笆上了，故選A。31.B考查形容詞辨析。A.steady穩(wěn)定的；B.hard困難的；C.fun有趣的；D.fit合適的，健康的。ifyouhadbotharms.手臂健全的人翻籬笆不費(fèi)吹灰之力，故選B。32.C考查名詞辨析。A.praise表揚(yáng)；B.advice建議；C.assistance幫助；D.apology道歉。作者認(rèn)為Miller最不愿接受作者的幫助，thelast最不可能的，故選C。33.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.let讓；B.helped幫助；C.had有，使；D.noticed注意到。根據(jù)“heaccepted”可知，Miller接受了作者的幫助，故選B。34.D考查形容詞辨析。A.dropped；B.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；C.trapped被困住的；D.safe安全的。作者和Miller兩人成功翻過籬笆，故選D。39.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；B.cured治愈；C.invited邀請；D.admired敬佩，贊賞，欣賞。Iwasrighttohave39him.作者認(rèn)為自己敬佩Miller沒有做錯(cuò)，故選D。40.B考查形容詞比較級。A.healthier更健康的；B.bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的；C.cleverer更聰明的；D.cooler更酷的，更涼的。從那天起，作者長大了許多，更重視自己的存在了，故選B。考點(diǎn)：生活故事類短文閱讀4.【2016·北京】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上講該項(xiàng)涂黑。ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNorthAlaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch36aSickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(傳染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe37ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.38,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown`s39wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn’tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn’ttravelonthe40roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.41January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twemtymorewere42.Nome`stownofficialscameupwitha(n)43.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby44fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas“mushers”—would45ittoNomeinarelay(接力).TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon`sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto47afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost48partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould49,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsonwblockedhis50.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇痕跡)togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto51thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog,Baltoputhisnosetotheground,52tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto53.Hehadfoundthetrail.At5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdog54inNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecovered.Nomehadbeen55.36.A.examined B.warnedC.interviewedD.cured37.A.harmless B.helpless C.fearless D.careless38.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However39.A.airport B.station C.harbor D.border40.A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty41.A.From B.On C.By D.After42.A.tired B.upset C.pale D.sick43.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic44.A.air B.rail C.sea D.road45.A.carry B.return C.mail D.give46.A.Though B.Since C.When D.If47.A.enter B.move C.visit D.cross48.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerousD.foolish49.A.escape B.bleed C.swim D.die50.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination51.A.find B.fix C.pass D.change52.A.pretending B.trying C.asking D.learning53.A.run B.leave C.bite D.play54.A.gathered B.stayed C.camped D.arrived55.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C40.B41.C42.D43.A44.B45.A46.C47.D48.C49.D50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.B38.D考查副詞辨析。A.Moreover而且；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否則；D.However然而。然而，最近的藥品供應(yīng)站距離諾姆一千多里，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。39.C考查名詞辨析。A.airport機(jī)場；B.station車站；C.harbor港口；D.border邊境。根據(jù)“soitcouldn’tcomebyship”可知，這里指港口結(jié)冰，故選C。40.B考查形容詞辨析。A.narrow狹窄的；B.snowy被雪覆蓋的；C.busy繁忙的；D.dirty臟的。根據(jù)第一段可知，大雪覆蓋了道路，汽車和馬都不能通行，故選B。41.C考查介詞辨析。A.From從，自；B.On在上面；C.By通過，在之前；D.After在之后。by+時(shí)間，與完成時(shí)連用，后跟過去的時(shí)間，用過去完成時(shí)；跟將來的時(shí)間，用將來完成時(shí)，故選C。42.D考查形容詞辨析。A.tired勞累的；B.upset難過的；C.pale蒼白的；D.sick生病的。四個(gè)孩子相繼去世，還有20幾個(gè)患病，故選D。43.A考查名詞辨析。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.excuse借口；C.message信息；D.topic話題。當(dāng)?shù)氐墓賳T想到了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，故選A。44.B考查名詞辨析。A.air空氣；B.rail欄桿，鐵軌；C.sea海洋；D.road道路。根據(jù)下一段“fromthetrainatNenana”可知，藥物被用火車運(yùn)到Nenana，故選B。45.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.carry運(yùn)送，攜帶；B.return返回，歸還；C.mail郵寄；D.give給。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把藥物接力送到諾姆，故選A。46.C考查時(shí)間狀語從句。A.Though雖然；B.Since因?yàn)?，自從；C.When當(dāng)；D.If如果。當(dāng)他把藥物交給下一個(gè)人時(shí)，他的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青，故選C。47.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.enter進(jìn)入；B.move移動(dòng)；C.visit拜訪；D.cross穿過。根據(jù)“NortonSoundwascoveredwithice”可知，NortonSound是一片冰凍的水域，Seppala必須穿過這片水域，故選D。52.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.pretending假裝；B.trying努力；C.asking問，要求；D.learning學(xué)會。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅著其它狗的味道，故選B。53.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.run跑；B.leave離開；C.bite咬；D.play玩耍。Seppala的雪橇狗找到了軌道，開始奔跑起來，故選A。54.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.gathered聚集；B.stayed保持；C.camped露營，借??；D.arrived到達(dá)。arriveinsp到達(dá)某地，這里指終于到達(dá)諾姆，故選D。55.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.controlled控制；B.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed發(fā)展。所有的孩子得到了救治，諾姆活了下來，故選B。考點(diǎn)：人物故事類短文閱讀5.【2016·天津】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從16-35各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選春最佳選項(xiàng)。ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.Cathysufferedsometerrible16inherearlychildhood.Afteryearsofregulartreatment,she17becamehealthy.Twoyearsago,whileCathywaswatchingtheOlympics,adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer.Lastsummer,shewantedto18outlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinally19it.Theteampractice,20wasaroughstart.Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardly21herfirstfewweeks.Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedto22herfromitall.ButCathywokemeupearlynextmorning,wearingherswimsuit23togo!Itoldhersheshouldn’tswimafterawholenight’scoughing,butsherefusedto24andinsistedshego.Fromthatdayon,Cathykeptswimminganddidn’t25asinglepractice.Shehada26intentionwithinherselftobethebestshecouldbe.Myten—year—oldwasgrowingandchangingrightbeforemyeyes,intothis27humanbeingwithapassionandamission.Thereweremomentsof28ofcourse:oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace.ItwasdifficultforCathytoacceptthatshewasn’ta29ever.Butthatdidn’tstopherfromtrying.Thencamethefinalawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Cathydidn’texpectanyawardbutwasstillthereto30herfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.Astheceremonywasnearingtheend,Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoach31,“ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy!”Lookingaround,hecontinued,“Cathyhasinspireduswithher32andenthusiasm.33skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess,themostvaluableasset(財(cái)富)onecanholdistheheart.”Itwasthegreatest34ofmydaughter’slife.Withallshehadbeen35