河南專用2020版中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)專題六形容詞課件人教新目標(biāo)版

專題六形容詞考點(diǎn)一形容詞的用法及詞義辨析考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)二形容詞的比較等級(jí)考點(diǎn)一形容詞的用法及詞義辨析考點(diǎn)突破一、形容詞的用法及位置說(shuō)明人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),常用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞叫形容詞。1.作定語(yǔ),放在名詞之前,復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如:Thenicegirlismysister.這個(gè)漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),如alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,well(健康的)等。如:Don'tbeafraid!別害怕!2.作表語(yǔ),放在系動(dòng)詞之后。如:Helookshappy.他看起來(lái)很開心。3.作賓補(bǔ),放在賓語(yǔ)之后,常與make,leave,keep等動(dòng)詞連用。如:Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.你必須閉上眼睛。4.形容詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),并列的形容詞可放在句首或句末。如:Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.我又累又餓,只好停下來(lái)休息一下。5.形容詞的排列順序當(dāng)名詞有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞限定或修飾時(shí),這些詞的順序通常遵循一定的規(guī)

則,一般不能隨意調(diào)換,也不能依照漢語(yǔ)的意思去排列。通?？砂聪旅娴捻樞蚺帕?①限定性的詞,如:冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞

等。②表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如:beautiful,fine,interesting等。③表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀的形容詞,如:tall,high,small,little,round等。④表示年齡、新舊的形容詞,如:young,old,new等。⑤表示顏色的形容詞,如:black,white,blue等。⑥表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞,如:Japanese,American,English等。⑦表示形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:plastic,wooden等。如:somebeautifullittleredflowers一些美麗的小紅花tworoundblueplasticplates兩個(gè)圓形的藍(lán)色塑料盤twobigroundnewChinesewoodentables兩張新的中國(guó)式的木制大圓桌6.一些表示情感等的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式be+

+todosth.如:Theoldwomanwasveryhappytoseehersonagain.老太太再次見到她的兒子感到很高興。注意:許多形容詞加-ly后構(gòu)成副詞,但有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞不是副詞,而是形容

詞。如:friendly友好的lonely孤獨(dú)的lovely可愛的likely有希望的daily日常的lively有生氣的二、?？夹稳菰~詞義辨析1.-ing形容詞和-ed形容詞-ing形容詞-ed形容詞例句surprising令人驚訝的surprised感到驚訝的Thisisasurprisingstory.Iamsurprisedatthenews.interesting有趣的interested感興趣的Ihaveaninterestingbook.Heisinterestedinscience.exciting令人興奮的excited感到興奮的Haveyouheardoftheexcitingnews?Weareexcitedaboutthetraveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的/滿意的Thisisapleasingtrip.Theteacherispleasedwithourperformance.frightening令人恐懼的frightened感到恐懼的Thisisafrighteningstory.Wearefrightenedoftheghost.moving令人感動(dòng)的moved受感動(dòng)的Titanicisamovingfilm.WearemovedbyHongZhanhuideeply.tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的It'salongtiringday.I'mtootired.fascinating迷人的fascinated著迷的Whatafascinatingvoice!Manyboysarefascinatedbycomputergames.特點(diǎn):表示主動(dòng)意義,多指事物對(duì)人的影響,一般

修飾事物特點(diǎn):表示被動(dòng)意義,多指人對(duì)事物的感受,主語(yǔ)

一般是人,常用于“sb.+系動(dòng)詞+-ed形容詞+介

詞”結(jié)構(gòu)Weareallinterestedintheinterestingstory.2.older和elder3.farther和furtherold的比較級(jí)用法例句older常用于比較的句型中,表示“較老的,較舊的,年

紀(jì)較大的”Yourbikeisolderthanmine.你的自行車比我的

舊。elder主要用來(lái)表示兄弟姐妹或子女的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,意

為“年長(zhǎng)的”He'smyelderbrother.他是我哥哥。易混詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句fartherfar的比較級(jí),在談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)、方向或距離時(shí),far-

ther和further可以互換IwassotiredthatIcouldn'twalkanyfarther/

further.我太累了,再也走不動(dòng)了。furtherfar的比較級(jí),表示“更多,進(jìn)一步,額外”等含

義,這時(shí)不能與farther互換Hewentabroadforfurtherstudy.他去國(guó)外進(jìn)修

了。4.ill和sick“病的,生病的”用法例子ill作表語(yǔ);作定語(yǔ)時(shí)意為“壞的,不良的,有害的”Hehasbeenillfortwodays.他已經(jīng)病了兩天

了。awomanofillrepute一個(gè)名聲不好的女人sick作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)Thesickmanishisuncle.這位病人是他的叔

叔。四個(gè)“好”用法例句good是形容詞,用作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),它表示電影、書籍等的內(nèi)容好;指人時(shí)表示人品好、善良等Thisisagoodbook.這是一本好書。well可作形容詞和副詞,作形容詞講時(shí)只作表語(yǔ),指身體健康、良好—Howareyou?——你(身體)好嗎?—I'mverywell.——我(身體)很好。fine通常指天氣好、品質(zhì)好、身體好等It'safinedaytoday.今天天氣晴朗。nice往往指“(人、味道、話語(yǔ)、天氣等)令人喜悅的,討人喜歡的”Nicetomeetyou!見到你很高興!5.good,well,fine,nice6.alone,lonely易混詞用法例句alone用作形容詞或副詞,意為“獨(dú)自,單獨(dú)”,指客觀

情況;作形容詞時(shí)一般作表語(yǔ)Heisaloneathome.他獨(dú)自一人在家。lonely作形容詞,意為“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,指內(nèi)心的感

受HeneverfeelslonelyinBeijing.在北京他從不

感到孤獨(dú)?？键c(diǎn)二形容詞的比較等級(jí)一、形容詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成1.規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般直接加-er或-estyoungcleveryoungerclevereryoungestcleverest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞,加-r或-stwidelargewiderlargerwidestlargest以單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音

節(jié)詞,先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-er或-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,

先變y為i,再加-er或-estheavybusyheavierbusierheaviestbusiest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面

加上單詞more或mostimportantinterestingmoreimportantmoreinterestingmostimportantmostinteresting2.不規(guī)則變化二、形容詞原級(jí)的用法1.說(shuō)明人或事物自身的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)時(shí),用形容詞原級(jí)。如:Theflowersinthegardenarebeautiful.花園里的花兒很漂亮。2.有副詞very,so,too,enough,quite等修飾時(shí),用形容詞原級(jí)。如:Theboyistooyoung.這個(gè)男孩太小了。原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/well(健康的)betterbestbadworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest3.表示同級(jí)比較時(shí)用形容詞原級(jí)。①肯定句中的結(jié)構(gòu):“A+is+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B”。如:EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)一樣有趣。②否定句中的結(jié)構(gòu):“A+isn't+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B”。如:Thisbookisn'tsonewasthatone.這本書不如那本書新。③表示“A是B的……倍”時(shí),用“A...+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B”結(jié)構(gòu)(一

倍:once;兩倍:twice;三倍及以上:基數(shù)詞+times)。如:Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigastheirs.我們學(xué)校是他們學(xué)校的三倍大。④“halfas+形容詞原級(jí)+as”表示“……是……的一半”。如:Herroomishalfasbigasyours.她的房間是你的一半大。三、形容詞比較級(jí)的用法1.表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞的比較級(jí),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A...+形容詞的比較級(jí)+

than+B”。如:Lily'sroomisbiggerthanmine.莉莉的房間比我的大。注意:為了避免重復(fù),常用theone,that,those等詞來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞。其中

theone代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,theones或those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,that代替

可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinHaikouinwinter.冬天,北京的天氣比?？诶?。2.有表示程度的副詞alittle,abit,alot,much,far及even,no,any等詞修飾形容詞時(shí),

該形容詞可以用比較級(jí)。如:Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。3.表示兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇“哪一個(gè)更……”時(shí),用句型“Which/Whois+形容詞

比較級(jí),AorB?”表示。如:Whoistaller,LiMingorWangTao?誰(shuí)比較高,李明還是王濤?4.表示“幾倍于……”時(shí),用“倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than”表示。如:Yourroomisthreetimesbiggerthanmine.你的房間是我的房間的三倍大。5.表示“兩者之間比較……的一個(gè)(ofthetwo)”時(shí),常用“the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

如:Maryisthetallerofthetwins.瑪麗是這對(duì)雙胞胎中比較高的那個(gè)。6.表示“越來(lái)越……”,用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu),即“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”,當(dāng)形容

詞需借助more來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)時(shí),用“moreandmore+形容詞原級(jí)”來(lái)表示。如:It'sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.春天天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。7.表示“越……,越……”時(shí),用“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Themore,thebetter.越多越好。四、形容詞最高級(jí)的用法1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用最高級(jí)形式。形容詞最高級(jí)前

常加定冠詞the,句末常跟一個(gè)in/of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示范圍。如:ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇時(shí),用“Which/Whois+the+形容詞最高級(jí),A,BorC?”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海還是福州?3.表示“最……的……之一”時(shí),用“oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)

數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:JayChouisoneofthemostpopularsingers.周杰倫是最受歡迎的歌手之一。4.形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以加序數(shù)詞,表示“第幾最……”。如:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。5.形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修

飾,此時(shí)不能再用定冠詞。如:Thisisourbestlessontoday.這是我們今天最好的一節(jié)課。6.形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級(jí)含義。如:LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.李雷是班上最高的學(xué)生。=LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.李雷比班上其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。=LiLeiistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.李雷比班上其他的學(xué)生都高。=LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。=NooneistallerthanLiLeiinhisclass.在班里沒有人比李雷高。=LiLeiistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.李雷比班里其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。=LiLeiistallerthantherestofthestudentsinhisclass.李雷比班里其他的學(xué)生都高。一、選詞填空1.(2019北京)Julietakesgoodcareofthefamilydog.Sheismorepatient

than

herbrother.(patient/morepatient/mostpatient/themostpatient)2.(2019江蘇南京)Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribethegirlinthepic-

ture?Confident.

(Crazy./Curious./Scared./Confident.)中考題組3.(2019重慶)Nobodyworkedthemathproblemout.Itwasthemostdifficult

oneofall.(easier/theeasiest/moredifficult/themostdifficult)4.(2019山西)Whenwereadapieceofnewsonline,we'dbettermakesureit's

true

beforesendingittoothers.Ifnot,wemayspreadsomethingbad.(true/spe-cial/strange)5.(2019湖北武漢)—WhynotaskBobtojoinusinthetriptothezootomorrow?—Everyoneinourgrouplovesanimals,buthealwaysseems

cruel

.(anxious/

personal/cruel/careless)6.(2019江西)—Whatdoyouthinkoftheband'sperformance?—Itcouldbe

better

.Ithinkthey'refeelingverynervous.(good/better/bad/

worse)7.(2019廣東)Fishingisoneofthemostpopular

activitiesamongthemiddle-

agedpeople.(popular/morepopular/mostpopular/themostpopular)8.(2019福建)Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthatclearwatersandgreen

mountainsareas

valuable

asmountainsofgoldandsilver.(central/special/

valuable)9.(2019安徽)—The5Gtechnologycanhelpdoctorstreatpatientswhoarehundreds

ofkilometersaway.—It'sreallyamazing

.(secret/direct/amazing/traditional)10.(2019湖南長(zhǎng)沙)Ofthetwophysicsproblems,Marthajustfinishedtheless

difficult

one.(themostdifficult/theleastdifficult/thelessdifficult)11.(2019新疆)Themore

wedoforotherpeople,thehappier

wewillbe.(much;happier/more;happy/more;happier/most;happiest)12.(2019黑龍江哈爾濱)Journey

to

the

Westisatraditional

Chinese

book.It

hasbeentranslatedintodifferentlanguages.(American/British/Chinese)13.(2019江蘇蘇州)Theflyingsquirrelmightbeoneof

thestrangest

animals

youcouldmeetduringthetrip.(strange/stranger/strangest/thestrangest)14.(2019甘肅蘭州)Howheavily

itrainedyesterday!Wehadtocancelour

footballmatch.(heavily/light/heavy/lightly)15.(2019河北)TheHighSpeedRailisamazing.Itmakestraveleasier

.(easier/

harder/higher/slower)16.(2019四川成都)ComparedwithnewspapersorTV,theInternetofferspeople

more

information.(much/more/most)17.(2019廣西南寧)—WhyisMikesopopularinyourclass?—Becausehealwaystellsjokes.Heis

humorous

.(humorous/polite/honest/

friendly)18.(2019內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)—Heisplanningtowalkonthewingsofaflyingplane.—What?Ihaveneverheardofacrazier

ideabefore.(acrazier/thecrazier/a

craziest/thecraziest)19.(2019山東青島)Tomakeriverscleaner

thanbefore,everybodyissupposedtoprotectthem.(dirty/dirtier/clean/cleaner)20.(2018北京)Tonyis

theyoungest

ofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.

(young/younger/youngest/theyoungest)21.(2018天津)Tianjinisoneof

thebiggest

citiesinChina.(big/bigger/the

biggest/thebigger)22.(2018上海)OldMr.Greendoesn'tfeellonely

becausesomestudentsvisit

himregularly.(sadly/gently/lonely/angrily)23.(2018重慶)Theshowwassofunny

thatIcouldn'tstoplaughing.(sad/terri-

ble/funny/serious)24.(2018江蘇南京)“ReadingPavilion”,whichenteredLuheLibrarythisspring,

hasmadeit

easier

forthecitizenstoexperiencethepleasureofreadingthan

before.(easy/easier/easily/moreeasily)25.(2017河南)Mihois

theyoungest

studentbecauseshewasbornlaterthan

anyoneelseinherclass.(young/younger/theyounger/theyoungest)二、語(yǔ)篇填空(2020河南中考預(yù)測(cè))閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完

整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。with

sudden

hospital

much stand

rain

feel

child

sit

silentWhenthetrainstoppedinLondon,anoldmangotonthetrainwithhisson.The

sonseemedtobeover20yearsoldandlookedveryhappy.Soonthetraingotstart-

ed.Theyoungmanwas

1

bythewindow.Heputonehandoutofthewindow

tofeeltheair.Heshouted,“Dad,seeallthetreesaregoingbehind!”Theoldman

lookedathisson

2

satisfaction.Therewasawomannexttotheyoungman.Shewaslisteningtothetalkbetween

thefatherandthesonin3

.Possiblyshethoughtitwasalittlestrangebecausetheyoungmanwasbehavinglikealittle

4

.Theyoungmanstoodup

5

andshoutedagain,“Dad,lookattheriverandan-

imals!Cloudsaremovingwiththetrain.”Thewomanwatchedtheyoungmanand

6

embarrassedathisbehavior.Thenitstarted

7

andsomeraindrops

touchedtheyoungman'shand.Hebecame

8

excited.Heshoutedloudly,

“Dad,it'sraining!Wateristouchingme!Look,Dad!”Thewomancouldn't9

itanylongerandaskedtheoldman,“Whydon'tyou

takeyoursontothedoctor?”Theoldmansaidinacalmvoice,“We'vejustcome

backfromthe10

.Todaymysonhaseyesight(視力)forthefirsttimeinhislife.”1.sitting

2.with

3.silence

4.child

5.suddenly

6.felt

7.raining

8.more

9.stand

10.hospital

一、選詞填空1.(2019河南鄭州一模)Afterhismotherwaskilled,hiseyesbecame

cruel

and

hard.Weneversawhissmileagain.(lively/cruel/patient/harmful)2.(2019河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)一模)Remember,everyonewillsuffersomepaininhisor

herlife.Whatdoesn'tkillyouwillmakeyou

stronger

.(strong/stronger/a

stronger/thestrongest)3.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)Thisworkis

moredifficult

formethanforyou.It's

newforme,butyouhavesomeexperiencesinthisfield.(difficult/muchdifficult/模擬題組moredifficult/themostdifficult)4.(2019河南洛陽(yáng)一模)Amongallthestudents,Winniemadethe

fewest

mis-

takesinthefinalEnglishexam.(fewer/fewest/less/least)5.(2019河南安陽(yáng)一模)WhenIwatch

scary

movies,Ishakelikealeaf.(scary/

funny/interesting/boring)6.(2019河南焦作一模)—What'shappening?—Thepeopleinthehouseareingreatdangerbecausethesmokewhichisgrowing

heavier

isagreatkiller.(smaller/darker/larger/heavier)7.(2019河南平頂山一模)—Howwasyourexamyesterday?—Oh,Icouldn'tfeel

worse

.Icouldhardlyanswermostofthequestions.(bet-

ter/easier/worse/happier)8.(2019河南許昌一模)—Areyousatisfiedwiththeresultoftheexam?—No,notatall.Ican'thave

aworseone

.(aworseone/abetterone/thebest

one/theworstone)9.(2019河南商丘一模)Thenumberofpeopleattheconcertwas

muchsmaller

thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft.(muchsmaller/muchmore/muchlarger/

manymore)10.(2018河南開封一模)—WhatdoyouthinkofShaolin

kung

futonight?—Great!I'veneverseen

amorewonderful

liveshowbefore.(awonderful/

morewonderful/mostwonderful/amorewonderful)11.(2018河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)MyfriendJimisquitedifferentfromme.Heismoreactive

but

lesshard-working

thanme.SoIoftenhelphimwithhislessons.(lesshard-

working/morehard-working/leasthard-working/mosthard-working)12.(2018河南焦作一模)—ZouShiminghaswonthreeOlympicprizesduringhis

career.—Yes.HemightbeChina's

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