福建省漳州市2024-2025學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題【含答案解析】

漳州市2024-2025學年(上)期末高中教學質量檢測高二英語試題（共150分，考試時間120分鐘）注意事項：1、答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomandislikeabouthertrip?A.Thetraffic. B.Theweather. C.Thescenery.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:HowwasyourtriptoLondon?W:Itwasfantastic.Ivisitedalotofplaces,churches,museumsandtheroyalpalacesandtheweatherwasfine.Horribletrafficthough.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whendidtheconcertend?A.At7:00. B.At9:00. C.At10:00.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Whatdidyoudolastnight,Jenny?W:Iwenttotheconcert.Itwasexciting.M:Wow,Ienvyyou.Whattimedidtheconcertbegin?W:ItstartedatsevenPMandlastedforthreehours.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Running. B.Fishing. C.Wrestling.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Wow,itlookslikeyoucaughtabigone,holdontight.Don'tletitgo.W:Ididn'trealizethesethingsweresostrong.HoldontomesoIdon'tfallintothewater.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhydoesKarenhardlyeatredmeat?A.Shedislikestheirtaste. B.Shewantstostayhealthy.C.Sheisn’tgoodatcookingthem.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Doyoulikeeatingbeef?Karen?W:Notreally.Ihardlyeatredmeatsuchasbeef,porkandmutton.Iusuallyeatchicken.M:Why?W:Manystudieshavetiedredmeat,foodtocancerandheartdisease,soIthinkI’dbetteravoidsuchrisks.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】HowdoesMarkprobablyfeelaboutthemountainlions’condition?A.Concerned. B.Angry. C.Satisfied.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:MarkthisreportsaidthatmountainlionsinsouthernCaliforniawereatriskofdisappearingwithin50years.M:Really,I’msosadtohearthat.Idohopeactionwillbetakentohelprescuethem.Thisspeciesisveryimportanttous.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabookstore. B.Inalibrary. C.Inasupermarket.7.Howdoesthemanfindthefine?A.It’stoomuch. B.It’sunnecessary. C.It’sacceptable.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:WhatcanIdoforyou?M:I’dliketoreturnthesebooks.W:Okay,whathappenedtothisbook?M:Idroppeditandthecovertoreoff.Sorry.W:Well,I’mafraidyou'llhavetopayafineforthedamage.M:Howmuch?W:Threedollars?M:That’snottoobad.W:Youcanpayitnoworattheendofthemonth.M:I’llpayitnow.Hereyouare.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatdidthewomanorder?A.Acamera. B.Amobilephone. C.Acomputer.9.Whydoesthewomancanceltheorder?A.Thedeliveryisdelayed. B.Thepresentpriceislower. C.Shechosethewrongproduct.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Iorderedafive-GmobilephoneonyourwebsiteyesterdaybutIreceivedanemailsayingIhavetowaitsevenmoredays.M:Doyouhavetheordernumber?W:Yes,it’seightzerofivethreeonea.M:I'mverysorrybutthisproducthasbeensoldout.W:Butit’smyfriend’sbirthdaytomorrow.M:Isee.Well,wouldyouliketoordersomethingelse?Wehavecamerasandcomputers.W:IprefertheproductIordered.M:Oh,I’msorryaboutthat.Wouldyouliketocanceltheorder?W:Yes,Ithinkso.Howdoesthatwork?M:Well,we’llreturn699poundstoyou.W:That’sokay.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatattractedvisitorstotheparkatfirst?A.Thelocalhistory. B.Itsnaturalspring. C.Itsentertainment.11.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparkduringtheregionoftheroyalfamily?A.Itwasrebuilt. B.Itwasdestroyed. C.Itwasn’topentothepublic.12.WhatisMark’sattitudetowardthepark?A.Opposed. B.Casual. C.Favorable.【答案】10.B11.C12.C【解析】【原文】W:Mark,doyouknowwheretheworld’soldestamusementparkislocated?M:Isn’titintheUnitedStates?W:No,anditdoesn’tsitintheUKeither.It’scalledbakkenandislocatedinDenmark.M:Sowhenwasitopened?W:Itwasopenedin1583.Thefirstattractionwasactuallyallnatural.Theareaishometoanaturalspring,whichwassocleanthatattractedmanypeopleintheearly16thcentury.Thenmoreandmorepeoplecametheretochatandplaygames.Also,lotsofentertainersgivetheirbestshows.M:Soundsgreat.Itseemsthatitwassopopular.W:Yes,butitwasnotalwayslikethat.Duringtheregionoftheroyalfamily,itbecameaclosedareatothepublic.M:It’sapity.W:Butluckily,undertheleadershipofKingFrederickV,itwasdevelopedandreopenedtothepublicinthe18thcentury.That’swhenmoreperformers,businessmenandridesslowlytookover.M:Isitstillopen?W:Yes,itisstillopentodaywithdifferentrollercoasters,Ferriswheelsandotherrides.Shallwevisititoneday?M:Soundsgreat.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】13.WhatisJuliandoing?A.Planningherbudget. B.Conductinganinterview. C.Givingadviceonstudies.14.WhichcostsMattmosteachmonth?A.Food. B.Clothes. C.Books.15.HowmuchdoesMattspendonsportsamonth?A.About$15. B.About$30. C.About$50.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers. B.Schoolmates. C.Co-workers.【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.B【解析】【原文】此為聽力題，解析略聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whydidthefamilygotothefarm?A.Togetpumpkins. B.Todovolunteerwork. C.Toexperiencerurallife.18.WhatdidthespeakerandJasondowiththepumpkins?A.Theyweighedthem. B.Theyemptiedthem. C.Theydecoratedthem.19.Whatproblemdidthespeakerhave?A.Failingtohelpouthisbrother.B.Choosingaverysmallpumpkin.C.Havinghisheadstuckinthepumpkin.20.Whatdidthefatherdofirstafterknowingthespeaker’ssituation?A.Herecordedthescene. B.Hecomfortedthespeaker. C.Hetaughtthekidsalesson:【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】PumpkincarvingatHalloweenisafamilytradition.WhenIwasateenager,myfamilyvisitedalocalfarmeveryOctober.Therewecouldpickpumpkins,andtheonewhobroughtthebiggestonetoourcarwasthewinner.SinceIwastheeldestchild,Ihadanadvantage.in2019whenIwassixteen,ItwashardtotellwhethermineormyfourteenyearoldbrotherJason’swasthewinner.Unfortunately,weforgottoweighthembeforeemptyingthem.Withtheemptypumpkinrestingonthetable,Idecidedtoputmyheadintoittoproveitwasthebiggest.Withefforts,Isucceededindoingthat,however,thepumpkinwasheavyandIdecidedtopullmyheadout.Sadly,Iwasunabletodothat.Jasontriedtohelpbutitdidn’twork.Iwasscaredandstartedtocry.ItwasdadwhorespondedtomycriesforhelpbutIwaskeptwaitingforawhile.First,hehadtolookforthevideocamera.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共11小題；每小題2.5分，滿分27.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWelcometoTechGatheringRanchoCucamonga!JoinusatFiveStarEventCenterforanexcitingtechevent.Enjoyfreshcoffeeandtastybreakfast,andfeelfreetobringyourlaptopordevicestorelaxandworkonprojectsduringthepresentations.Wehaveplentyofdeskspace!TheRanchoTechGatheringisamonthlymeetingfortechlovers,businessowners,andinnovators.Discoverthelatesttrendsinthetechindustry,meetlike-mindedprofessionals,andgaininsightsfromexperts.Don’tmissthischancetolearnandconnectwiththetechcommunity.Markyourcalendarsforanunforgettableevent!AtTheTechGathering,webringtogethertechworkers,hobbyists,andentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)inafriendlysettingfortechdiscussions:ExploreNewIdeas:DiveintotalksonrecentAIadvancements,toolsthatboostbusinessefficiency,andinnovationsthatimprovedailylife.FuelforThought:Enjoydeliciouscoffeeandbreakfasttokickstartyourmorningoflearningandnetworking.EngagingFormats:Experiencedifferentstylesoftechtalks,speakingpanels,andinteractiveQ&Asessions.YourVoiceMatters:Exchangeyourthoughtsandconnectwithfellowtechfans.Don’tmissoutonbeingpartofRanchoCucamonga’stechcommunity.Bringyourcuriosityandjoinusforamorningofinnovationandknowledgeexchange!Note:Byattending,youagreetobephotographedandfilmed,withmediapossiblyusedforpromotions.Ifyouprefernottoappear,lettheorganizersknowatthebeginning.21.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheRanchoTechGathering?A.Tomakebusinessdeals. B.Toofferrelaxationactivities.C.Tosharetechinsights. D.TopromoteAIdevelopment.22.Whatgroupsarethegatheringintendedfor?A.Innovatorsandcoffeelovers. B.Businessownersandtechfans.C.Professionalsandadvertisers. D.Techworkersandspeakers.23.Whatmightonedoatthegathering?A.Establishatechcommunity. B.TestpracticalAIapplications.C.Enjoyfreecoffeeandmeals. D.Takepartindiscussionsonnewtech.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了RanchoCucamonga科技聚會，旨在吸引對科技感興趣的人參加這個活動。【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TheRanchoTechGatheringisamonthlymeetingfortechlovers,businessowners,andinnovators.Discoverthelatesttrendsinthetechindustry,meetlike-mindedprofessionals,andgaininsightsfromexperts.(Rancho科技聚會是一個面向科技愛好者、企業(yè)主和創(chuàng)新者的月度會議。發(fā)現(xiàn)科技行業(yè)的最新趨勢，結識志同道合的專業(yè)人士，并獲得專家的見解。)”可知Rancho科技聚會是讓科技愛好者、企業(yè)主和創(chuàng)新者結識志同道合的專業(yè)人士，并獲得專家的見解，所以目的就是分享技術見解，故選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheRanchoTechGatheringisamonthlymeetingfortechlovers,businessowners,andinnovators.Discoverthelatesttrendsinthetechindustry,meetlike-mindedprofessionals,andgaininsightsfromexperts.(Rancho科技聚會是一個面向科技愛好者、企業(yè)主和創(chuàng)新者的月度會議。發(fā)現(xiàn)科技行業(yè)的最新趨勢，結識志同道合的專業(yè)人士，并獲得專家的見解。)”可知聚會的對象有科技愛好者和企業(yè)主。故選B。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AtTheTechGathering,webringtogethertechworkers,hobbyists,andentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)inafriendlysettingfortechdiscussions:ExploreNewIdeas:DiveintotalksonrecentAIadvancements,toolsthatboostbusinessefficiency,andinnovationsthatimprovedailylife.(在科技聚會上，我們將技術工作者、愛好者和企業(yè)家聚集在一個友好的環(huán)境中進行技術討論。探索新想法：深入討論最近的人工智能進展，提高業(yè)務效率的工具，以及改善日常生活的創(chuàng)新。)”可知在聚會上可以參與關于新技術的討論。故選D。BLyudmilaTrut,thepioneeringgeneticistwholedthegroundbreakingexperimentindomestication(馴化)usingfoxes,passedawayonOctober9,justshyofher91stbirthday.Overher66-yearcareer,sheandhercolleaguestransformedapopulationofsilverfoxesonafarminNovosibirsk,Russia,intoaremarkablegroupofdomesticated,lovelyanimals.Thiswork,whichbeganin1958undertheguidanceofgeneticistDmitriBelyaev,isnowconsideredalandmarkinunderstandingdomestication.TrutandBelyaevproposedthatdomesticationsyndrome(綜合征)—asetofcharacteristicsseenindomesticatedanimals,suchassoftears,curlytails,andfriendlybehavior—waslinkedtogenespromotingcalmnessandfriendlinesstowardhumans.Throughdecadesofcarefulselection,theydemonstratedthatbyconsistentlychoosingthecalmestfoxestoraise,thesecharacteristicscouldbereproduced.Thiscompletelychangedtheunderstandingofhowdomesticationmayhaveoccurredindogsandotherspecies.DespitethepoliticalrisksofconductinggeneticresearchduringthespecialperiodintheSovietUnion,Trutpressedforward.Shespentdecadesselectingandkeepingfoxesthatwerepeacefulandfriendly,transformingapopulationofwildanimalsintoaffectionate(有感情的)companions.Onespecialfox,Pushinka,evenlivedwithTrutintheearly1970s,formingadeepbondthatreflectedthesuccessoftheexperiment.Evenindifficulttimes,suchasduringtheeconomiccrisisfollowingthefalloftheSovietUnion,Trutworkedtirelesslytokeeptheexperimentalive.Shesoughtdonationsbywritingarticlesandpersorrallyaskingforsupporttoensurethefoxeswerecaredforandtheresearchcouldcontinue.ThoughTrutoftencreditedhertutorBelyaev,shewasthedrivingforcebehindthespecificbreedingproceduresanddailymanagementoftheexperiment,devotingmorethan23,000daystoherwork.Herheritage,andtheheritageofthefoxesshedevotedherlifeto,liveson,asshehopedthefoxeswouldcontinuetogrowwellafterherpassing.24.WhatistheprimaryachievementofLyudmilaTrut?A.Shediscoverednewfoxspecies.B.Shepioneeredageneticresearchmethod.C.Shedomesticatedagroupoffoxessuccessfully.D.Shepromotedthetechniquesinanimalbreeding.25.HowdidTrutcontinueherresearchduringtoughtimes?A.Bycooperatingwithglobalresearchers.B.Byseekingdonationsandsupport.C.Byshiftingfocustootheranimals.D.ByturningtohertutorBelyaev.26.WhatbestdescribesLyudmilaTrut?A.Calmandcurious. B.Modestandcooperative.C.Passionateandpeaceful. D.Observantandpersistent.27.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.AnExampleforAllWomenB.APioneerinHuman-AnimalRelationshipC.LyudmilaTrut:TurningWildFoxesintoMan’sBestFriendD.LyudmilaTrut:AchievingaBreakthroughinGeneticResearch【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.C【解析】【導語】本文為一篇記敘文。主要講述了LyudmilaTrut將野生狐貍馴化變成可愛的家養(yǎng)動物的事跡?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“LyudmilaTrut,thepioneeringgeneticistwholedthegroundbreakingexperimentindomestication(馴化)usingfoxes,passedawayonOctober9,justshyofher91stbirthday.Overher66-yearcareer,sheandhercolleaguestransformedapopulationofsilverfoxesonafarminNovosibirsk,Russia,intoaremarkablegroupofdomesticated,lovelyanimals.(盧德米拉·特魯特（LyudmilaTrut）是一位開創(chuàng)性遺傳學家，她領導了利用狐貍進行馴化實驗的開創(chuàng)性工作。特魯特女士于10月9日去世，享年90歲零11個月。在她66年的職業(yè)生涯中，她和她的同事們把俄羅斯新西伯利亞一個農場的一群銀狐變成了一群出色的家養(yǎng)可愛的動物)”可知，LyudmilaTrut主要的成就是成功地馴服了一群狐貍。故選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Evenindifficulttimes,suchasduringtheeconomiccrisisfollowingthefalloftheSovietUnion,Trutworkedtirelesslytokeeptheexperimentalive.Shesoughtdonationsbywritingarticlesandpersorrallyaskingforsupporttoensurethefoxeswerecaredforandtheresearchcouldcontinue.(即使在困難時期，比如蘇聯(lián)解體后的經濟危機期間，特魯特也不知疲倦地工作，以使這項實驗得以繼續(xù)下去。她通過寫文章和親自請求支持來尋求捐款，以確保狐貍得到照顧，研究可以繼續(xù)進行)”可知，在困難的時期，Trut通過尋求捐贈和支持繼續(xù)她的研究。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TrutandBelyaevproposedthatdomesticationsyndrome(綜合征)—asetofcharacteristicsseenindomesticatedanimals,suchassoftears,curlytails,andfriendlybehavior—waslinkedtogenespromotingcalmnessandfriendlinesstowardhumans.(Trut和Belyaev提出，馴化綜合征（家養(yǎng)動物的一組特征，如柔軟的耳朵、卷曲的尾巴和友好的行為）與促進對人類冷靜和友好的基因有關)”及第三段“DespitethepoliticalrisksofconductinggeneticresearchduringthespecialperiodintheSovietUnion,Trutpressedforward.(盡管在蘇聯(lián)特殊時期進行基因研究存在政治風險，但特魯特還是堅持了下來)”可知，盧德米拉·特魯特（LyudmilaTrut）提出了馴化綜合征，說明是善于觀察的；且遇到困難，她還是繼續(xù)堅持，說明她持之以恒。故選D。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“LyudmilaTrut,thepioneeringgeneticistwholedthegroundbreakingexperimentindomestication(馴化)usingfoxes,passedawayonOctober9,justshyofher91stbirthday.Overher66-yearcareer,sheandhercolleaguestransformedapopulationofsilverfoxesonafarminNovosibirsk,Russia,intoaremarkablegroupofdomesticated,lovelyanimals.(盧德米拉·特魯特（LyudmilaTrut）是一位開創(chuàng)性的遺傳學家，她領導了利用狐貍進行馴化實驗的開創(chuàng)性工作。特魯特女士于10月9日去世，享年90歲零11個月。在她66年的職業(yè)生涯中，她和她的同事們把俄羅斯新西伯利亞一個農場的一群銀狐變成了一群出色的家養(yǎng)可愛的動物)”可知，本文介紹了LyudmilaTrut將野生狐貍馴化變成可愛的家養(yǎng)動物的事跡，C選項“盧德米拉·特魯特：把野生狐貍變成人類最好的朋友”符合本文主旨。故選C。COurbrainsareborntolookforthreats,tomakeaplantoaddressthosethreatsandkeepussafe.Thoseperceivedthreatsmaybebasedonthe“whatifs”weimaginecouldhappeninthefuture.Actually,our“whatifs”canbringupalotofnegativeemotion,whichmeanswecaneasilygetstuckonthoughtsandkeepgoingoverthem.Peoplewhohavehadpriorchallengesorexperiencedsetbackmayhavecometoexpectthreatsandlookforthemmorethanpeoplewhohavenothadadversities.Deepthinkers,peoplewhoareprone(易于的)toanxietyorlowmood,andthosewhoaresensitiveorfeelemotionsdeeplyarealsomorelikelytoruminateandoverthink.Also,whenwearestressed,ouremotionstendtobestrongerandlastlonger,andourthoughtscanbelessaccurate,whichmeanswecangetstuckonthoughtsmorethanwewouldusually.Yourthoughtsarenotnecessarilytrueoraccurate,butwhenweoverthinkandhavethemonrepeat,theycanstarttofeeltruebecausetheybecomefamiliar.Ausefulwaytomanageruminationoroverthinkingis“change,accept,andletgo”.Specifically,challengeandchangeaspectsofyourthoughtswhereyoucan.Comingupwithamorerealisticthoughtcanhelpstopthecircleoftheunhelpfulthought.Furthermore,we’dbetterfigureouthowwefeelaboutsomethingandaddressthosefeelings.Ratherthanrefusethem,acceptingyouremotionsandfindingwaystomanagethosewillbehelpful.Youcanevenmakeaplanfordealingwithfuturepossibilitiesyourthoughtsareraising.However,itisdifficulttoplanforalleventualities(可能的事).Whatyoucandoistomakeaplanforoneortwoofthemorelikelypossibilitiesandaccepttheremaybethingsthathappenyouhaven’tthoughtof.Afterall,lifeunavoidablyinvolvesalackofcompletecontroloveroutcomesandpossibilities.So,thelastpartislettinggooftheneedtoknowexactlyhowthingswillturnout,andbelievinginyourabilitytocopewithdifferentsituations.28.What’sthemainfunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Togiveanexample. B.Tomakeadefinition.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Todescribeaphenomenon.29.Whichbestexplainstheunderlinedword“adversities”inparagraph2?A.Advantages. B.Opportunities.C.Qualities. D.Barriers.30.Whatkindofpeoplegetstuckonthoughtseasily?A.Peopleunderpressure.B.Peoplelikelytosucceed.C.Peoplewitharealisticthought.D.Peoplebarelyexperiencingchallenges.31.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howtoplanforfuture.B.Howtoacceptemotions.C.Howtoaddressyourfeelings.D.Howtodealwithfuturepossibilities.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講的是人類大腦天生就傾向于尋找威脅，并制定計劃來應對這些威脅以確保自身的安全。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ourbrainsareborntolookforthreats,tomakeaplantoaddressthosethreatsandkeepussafe.Thoseperceivedthreatsmaybebasedonthe“whatifs”weimaginecouldhappeninthefuture.Actually,our“whatifs”canbringupalotofnegativeemotion,whichmeanswecaneasilygetstuckonthoughtsandkeepgoingoverthem.(我們的大腦天生就會尋找威脅，制定計劃來應對這些威脅，保證我們的安全。這些感知到的威脅可能是基于我們對未來可能發(fā)生的“假設”的想象。事實上，我們的“萬一”會帶來很多負面情緒，這意味著我們很容易陷入想法中，并不斷地思考它們。)”可知文章第一段提出了我們的大腦天生就會尋找威脅，并制定計劃來應對這些威脅以保證我們安全的話題，文章第二至四段集中圍繞這一話題展開，第五段對全文進行總結，所以第一段的作用是提出話題，故選C項?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段劃線詞之前“Peoplewhohavehadpriorchallengesorexperiencedsetbackmayhavecometoexpectthreatsandlookforthemmorethanpeoplewhohavenothad(那些之前經歷過挑戰(zhàn)或挫折的人可能會比那些沒有經歷過的人更容易預料到威脅，并尋找威脅)”可知此處比較的是經歷過挫折或挑戰(zhàn)與沒經歷過挫折或挑戰(zhàn)的人的不同表現(xiàn)，所以劃線詞adversities與句中setback(挫折)為同義詞，由此可知劃線詞adversities與D項barriers(障礙；阻力)意思相近，故選D項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Also,whenwearestressed,ouremotionstendtobestrongerandlastlonger,andourthoughtscanbelessaccurate,whichmeanswecangetstuckonthoughtsmorethanwewouldusually.(此外，當我們有壓力時，我們的情緒往往會更強烈，持續(xù)的時間更長，我們的想法可能會不那么準確，這意味著我們會比平時更容易陷入想法中。)”可知，有壓力的人容易被想法所困，故選A項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Furthermore,we’dbetterfigureouthowwefeelaboutsomethingandaddressthosefeelings.Ratherthanrefusethem,acceptingyouremotionsandfindingwaystomanagethosewillbehelpful.(此外，我們最好弄清楚我們對某事的感覺，并解決這些感覺。與其拒絕它們，不如接受你的情緒，并找到管理它們的方法，這將是有幫助的。)”及第四段的其他內容可知，第四段主要講的是如何接受情緒，故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。NewStudy:ThisPolitePhraseMaySoonBeaThingofthePastItturnsoutthatsaying“please”isn’tascommon—orpolite—asyouthink.NewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundthatpeopleusetheword“please”whenmakingarequestadismal(凄涼的)7%ofthetime.Evenmoreinteresting:____32____“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults,”saysTanyaStivers,aprofessorofsociologyatUCLA.Notonlydopeopleuse“please”lessthan10%ofthetimewhenmakingrequests,buttheyalsotendtouseitmostwhentheyexpecta“no”responseishappeningsoon.____33____Thestudyfoundthatmoreoftenthannot,thispolitehabitisbeingusedinpushy(死纏硬磨的)situations.____34____Here’swhatthestudyfound:whenaskingsomeonetostopdoingwhatthey’redoinganddowhattheaskerwantsinstead,suchasinterruptingacolleagueatworktoaskforhelpwithyourprojectoryourchildaskingformorecandyafteryou’vealreadysaidno.Cansaying“please”stillbepolite?____35____“Ifsomeoneistryingtobemorepolite,Iwouldrecommendaddingotherpolitephrasesfirst,beforeaddinginmore‘pleases’”Stiversays.“Exampleofpoliterequeststhatdon’tuse“please”:Wouldyoubeavailable?Mindgivingmeaquickhandwiththis?Bottomline:Notsaying“please”doesn’tmeanthatyou’rebeingimpolite.____36____Themostimportantpartofhavinggoodbehaviouristreatingtheotherpersonwithkindnessandrespect,bothinwordanddeed.A.Saying“please”israre.B.Issaying“please”actuallyrude?C.Technically,yes,aslongasyoudon’toveruseit.D.Andsaying“please”doesn’tensurethatyouarebeingpolite.E.Thesurveywasaboutthesameacrossage,genderandsocialstatus.F.Sowhenarepeoplemostlikelytouse“please”inrequest-makingsituations?G.Thestudyinvestigatedwhenandwherepeopleuse“please”ineverydayrequests.【答案】32.E33.B34.F35.C36.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講的是新的研究表明說“請”并不像我們想象的那么常見或禮貌，因此這個禮貌用語可能很快就會成為過去?！?2題詳解】空前“NewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundthatpeopleusetheword“please”whenmakingarequestadismal(凄涼的)7%ofthetime.Evenmoreinteresting:(發(fā)表在《社會心理學季刊》上的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們在提出請求時使用“請”這個詞的幾率為7%。更有趣的是：)”可知，選項承接上文說明有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)的內容，E項Thesurveywasaboutthesameacrossage,genderandsocialstatus.(不同年齡、性別和社會地位的人的調查結果基本相同。)指出了研究的更為有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，與上文銜接緊密，而且選項中的Thesurvey與空前的Newresearch屬于同義詞復現(xiàn)，符合上下文語境，故選E項?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Thestudyfoundthatmoreoftenthannot,thispolitehabitisbeingusedinpushy(死纏硬磨的)situations.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種禮貌的習慣通常是在咄咄逼人的情況下使用的。)”可知此處指出實際上“請”是在咄咄逼人的情況下使用的，由此可知“請”的使用實際上并不是出于一種禮貌，B項Issaying“please”actuallyrude?(說“請”真的很粗魯嗎？)以問題的形式就“請”的實際使用情景與空后構成一問一答的形式，銜接緊密，符合上下文語境，故選B項?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Here’swhatthestudyfound:whenaskingsomeonetostopdoingwhatthey’redoinganddowhattheaskerwantsinstead,suchasinterruptingacolleagueatworktoaskforhelpwithyourprojectoryourchildaskingformorecandyafteryou’vealreadysaidno.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：當要求別人停止正在做的事情，做他想做的事情時，比如打斷同事的工作，請求幫助完成你的項目，或者你的孩子在你說不之后要更多的糖果。)”可知，選項承接下文指出了人們人們提使用“請”的場合，F(xiàn)項Sowhenarepeoplemostlikelytouse“please”inrequest-makingsituations?(那么，人們什么時候最有可能在提出請求時使用“請”呢？)以問題的形式引出空后人們最有可能使用“請”的場合，符合上下文語境，故選F項?！?5題詳解】空前“Cansaying“please”stillbepolite?(說“請”還算禮貌嗎？)”的形式是一個問題，C項Technically,yes,aslongasyoudon’toveruseit.(從學術上講，可以，只要你不要過度使用。)中的yes對空前的問題給出了肯定回答，指出只要不過度使用，說“請”就還是禮貌的，與上文銜接緊密，而且選項中的代詞it指代上文的please，符合上下文語境，故選C項?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Bottomline:Notsaying“please”doesn’tmeanthatyou’rebeingimpolite.(底線：不說“請”并不意味著你不禮貌。)”可知不說“請”并不意味著不禮貌，根據(jù)空后“Themostimportantpartofhavinggoodbehaviouristreatingtheotherpersonwithkindnessandrespect,bothinwordanddeed.(良好行為最重要的部分是在言語和行為上以善意和尊重對待他人。)”可知在言語和行為上以善意和尊重對待他人是良好行為的最重要部分，空處承上啟下，D項Andsaying“please”doesn’tensurethatyouarebeingpolite.(說“請”并不能保證你是有禮貌的。)指出說“請”并不能保證是有禮貌的，與空前的內容形成對照，同時引出下文，符合上下文語境，故選D項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.Youmustunderstandthatyouwillsometimesfailatthingsanditisokaywhenthat____37____.Wehavebeentaughtthat____38____isreallybad,andwhenwefail,wemustdrownourselvesina(n)____39____moodandfeelhopeless.Thisisanentirelywrongapproach.Youwillfailatmanythingsinlifebutthatwillonly____40____youaboutyourself.Youwillgettolearnaboutyourtrue____41____,thethingsyouaregoodat,andthethingsthatyouarebadat.Wemustlearnto____42____theprocessratherthanrunfromit;onlythenwillwebeabletoachieveourgoalsinlife.Letmetellyoumyearly____43____experienceandhowIfacedfailuresinit.Ihadtroublewithsome____44____.SometimesIwouldgetanF,whichwouldmakemereallyscared.WhatIusedtodowascoveringthose____45____andturnedtheFintoaBjustto____46____myparents,butinrealityitdidn’t____47____.Ilearnedalotafterthat,IknewthatIhadto____48____thatfailureandlearnfromit,andsomethinggoodactuallycamefromit.Istarteddoingbetterwithmygrades,thatFturnedintoaB____49____.Wheneveryoufaceafailure,neverthinkthatyouwon’t____50____fromthis,youmustthinkofwaysto____51____yourself.Failureisthemotherofsuccess,sowemustlearnfromourfailures,notrunfromthem!37.A.disappears B.occurs C.varies D.repeats38.A.anxiety B.depression C.failure D.fault39.A.sad B.angry C.relaxed D.peaceful40.A.interview B.astonish C.tell D.inquire41A.personalities B.qualities C.hobbies D.capabilities42.A.ignore B.welcome C.complete D.share43.A.researching B.working C.teaching D.learning44A.subjects B.relationships C.cooperations D.communications45.A.secrets B.grades C.papers D.items46.A.surprise B.relieve C.thank D.please47.A.carryon B.payoff C.buildup D.workout48.A.accept B.admit C.overlook D.avoid49.A.easily B.instantly C.naturally D.automatically50.A.remove B.recover C.suffer D.shelter51.A.qualify B.defend C.better D.assess【答案】37.B38.C39.A40.C41.D42.B43.D44.A45.B46.D47.D48.A49.C50.B51.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文中作者結合自身經歷告訴我們失敗是正常的，每當你面對失敗時，永遠不要認為你不會從中恢復過來，你必須想辦法讓自己變得更好。我們必須從失敗中吸取教訓，而不是逃避失敗?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你必須明白，有時候你會在一些事情上失敗，這沒什么大不了的。A.disappears消失；B.occurs發(fā)生；C.varies變化；D.repeats重復。根據(jù)上文“youwillsometimesfailatthingsanditisokaywhenthat”指失敗發(fā)生時沒什么大不了的。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們被教導失敗是非常糟糕的，當我們失敗時，我們必須沉浸在悲傷的情緒中，感到絕望。A.anxiety焦慮；B.depression沮喪；C.failure失??；D.fault錯誤。根據(jù)后文“whenwefail”指我們被教導關于失敗的事情，故選C。【39題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們被教導失敗是非常糟糕的，當我們失敗時，我們必須沉浸在悲傷的情緒中，感到絕望。A.sad悲傷的；B.angry生氣的；C.relaxed放松的；D.peaceful和平的。根據(jù)上文“whenwefail,wemustdrownourselves”可知，失敗發(fā)生時我們沉浸在悲傷的情緒中，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：生活中你會在很多事情上失敗，但這會判斷你是什么樣人。A.interview采訪；B.astonish使驚訝；C.tell告訴，判斷；D.inquire詢問。根據(jù)后文“youaboutyourself”可知，在事情上失敗會教會你判斷自己是什么樣的人，故選C。【41題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你會了解到你真正的能力，你擅長什么，不擅長什么。A.personalities個性；B.qualities質量；C.hobbies愛好；D.capabilities能力。根據(jù)后文“thethingsyouaregoodat,andthethingsthatyouarebadat”可知，失敗會讓人了解到自己擅長和不擅長的事物，即能力。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須學會迎接這個過程，而不是逃避它；只有這樣，我們才能實現(xiàn)我們的人生目標。A.ignore忽視；B.welcome迎接，歡迎；C.complete完成；D.share分享。根據(jù)后文“theprocessratherthanrunfromit”可知，要學會迎接失敗的過程，而不是逃避它。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我告訴你我早期的學習經歷以