人工智能領(lǐng)域頂尖專家名單過去十年的意識(shí)研究 List of Top Experts in the Field of Artificial Consciousness Research Over the Past Decade

ListofTopExpertsintheFieldofArtificialConsciousnessResearchOverthePastDecade

YucongDuan

Benefactor:ZhendongGuo

InternationalStandardizationCommitteeofNetworkedDIKWPfor

ArtificialIntelligenceEvaluation(DIKWP-SC)

WorldArtificialConsciousnessCIC(WAC)

WorldConferenceonArtificialConsciousness(WCAC)

(Email:

duanyucong@)

researchontheneuralbasisofconsciousnessandisoneoftheproposersoftheconceptof"neuralcorrelatesofconsciousness,"havingcollaboratedwithFrancisCricktofindthebrainmechanismsthattriggersubjectiveexperiences.Heco-developedIntegratedInformationTheory(IIT)withGiulioTononi,providingaquantitativeexplanationofconsciousnessphenomenafromaninformation-theoreticperspective(ChristofKoch-AllenInstitute).

?GiulioTononi–ProfessorofPsychiatryandConsciousnessScienceatthe

UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,DirectoroftheCenterforSleepandConsciousness(HumanBrains).TononiproposedIntegratedInformationTheory(IIT),whichpositsthatthelevelofconsciousnessinanysystemcanbemeasuredbytheamountofintegratedinformationΦ(HumanBrains).IITprovidesacomprehensivetheoretical

frameworkexplaining"whatconsciousnessis,whatdeterminesit,andhowitemergesfromcausalstructures"(HumanBrains).Overthepastdecade,ithasbeenwidelydiscussedandappliedtoassessthedegreeofconsciousnessinbiologicalbrainsandartificialnetworks.

?StanislasDehaene–ProfessorofExperimentalCognitivePsychologyat

CollègedeFrance,cognitiveneuroscientist(SignaturesofConsciousness|E).DehaeneproposedtheGlobalNeuronalWorkspaceTheory(GNWT)toexplainthemechanismsofconsciousness:consciousperceptionariseswheninformationcrossesathresholdinthebrainandisbroadcastsynchronouslyacrosswideareas.Thislarge-scalesynchronization"ignition"isconsideredahallmarkofconsciousness(SignaturesofConsciousness|E).Histeamhasidentifiedtypical"neuralsignatures"ofconsciousnessthroughextensivebrainimagingandelectrophysiologicalexperiments,suchastheP300componentandhigh-frequencysynchronizationacrossbrainregions,providingobjectivemetricsforunconsciousandconsciousstates(SignaturesofConsciousness|E).

?KarlFriston–ProfessorofNeuroimagingatUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL),theoreticalneuroscientist(FBL99:KarlFriston-HowFreeEnergyShapesthe

FutureofAI).Fristoninventedkeytechnologiesforanalyzingbrainimagingdata,suchasStatisticalParametricMapping(SPM),andproposedthefamousFreeEnergyPrinciple,hailedasagrandunifyingtheoryinneuroscienceakintoDarwin'stheoryofevolutioninbiology(FBL99:KarlFriston-HowFreeEnergyShapestheFutureofAI).TheFreeEnergyPrincipleviewsthebrainasapredictivemachinethatmaintainssurvivalbyminimizingpredictionerrors("freeenergy"),providingaunifiedframeworkforunderstandingperception,action,andevenconsciousness.

?AnilSeth–ProfessorofCognitiveandComputationalNeuroscienceatthe

UniversityofSussex,Co-DirectoroftheSacklerCentreforConsciousnessScience(AnilSeth).Sethemphasizesthatthebrainconstructsoursubjectiveexperienceoftheworldthroughpredictions,proposingthe"controlledhallucination"view:whatweperceiveasrealityisactuallythebrain'spredictionbasedoninternalmodels,whichbecomesstableperceptionwhenitmatchessensoryinput(ComplexReal).Hestudieshowvisualillusions,holographicvirtualreality,andinteroceptivesignalsaffectlevelsofconsciousnessthroughexperiments,andsystematicallyexplainstheprinciplesofpredictiveconsciousnessinhispopularsciencebook*BeingYou*.

?HakwanLau–Consciousnessscientist,formerprofessorofpsychologyatUCLA,nowheadofthe"Consciousness"researchgroupatRIKENCenterforBrainScienceinJapan(HakwanLau,Consciousness｜RIKENCenterforBrainScience

(RIKENCBS)).Lauisarepresentativefigureofhigher-ordertheoriesofconsciousness,arguingthatconsciousexperiencearisesfromthebrain'sre-representationoffirst-orderperceptualstates,i.e.,thebrain'smonitoringandevaluationofitsowninformation.Asa"uniqueandpowerfulvoice"inthefield(HakwanLau,InConsciousnessWeTrust|BJPSReviewofBooks),hestudiesvisualconsciousnessandmetacognitivemechanismsthroughfunctionalimagingandbrainstimulation,proposingamechanisticmodelofsubjectiveexperienceinhisbookInConsciousnessWeTrust.

.MichaelGraziano–ProfessorofPsychologyandNeuroscienceatPrinceton

University(MichaelGraziano-CloserToTruth).GrazianoproposedtheAttentionSchemaTheorytoexplainthemechanismofsubjectiveawareness(Theattentionschematheory:amechanisticaccountofsubjectiveawareness-PMC):thebrainconstructsaninternalsimplifiedmodelofthe"attentionprocess,"calledthe"attentionschema,"similartohowthebrainconstructsa"bodyschema"forthebody(Theattentionschematheory:amechanisticaccountofsubjectiveawareness-PMC).Thismodelofthebrain'sattentionstategivesrisetothesubjectivefeelingof"IamconsciouslyattendingtoX."Thistheorycanexplaintheseparabilityofattentionandconsciousnessandprovidesabasisforengineeringsimilarconsciousfunctionsinneuralnetworks(Theattentionschematheory:amechanisticaccountofsubjectiveawareness-PMC).

PhilosophyandConsciousnessResearchDomains

.DavidChalmers–ProfessorofPhilosophyatNewYorkUniversity,

co-directoroftheuniversity'sCenterforMind,Brain,andConsciousness(DavidChalmers-Wikipedia).Chalmersisoneofthemostfamouscontemporaryphilosophers,havingproposedthe"hardproblemofconsciousness,"i.e.,whysubjectiveexperienceaccompaniesbrainprocessing.HehasalsoactivelyparticipatedindiscussionsonthepossibilityofAIconsciousness,arguingthat"thebrainitselfisamachinethatproducesconsciousness,"sohighlycomplexartificialsystemscouldinprinciplepossessconsciousness(ItispossibleforanAIsystemtobeconsciousbecausethebrainitselfisamachinethatproducesconsciousness,soweknowthisispossibleinprinciple-john15263-ObsidianPublish).Inhisrecentbook*Reality+*andlectures,ChalmersanalyzesthechallengesposedbyAIsystemsandvirtualworldstotheconceptsofconsciousnessandreality,emphasizingtheneedtoseriouslyconsiderthepotentialconsciousattributesofAIasitscapabilitiesgrow.

.DanielDennett–ProfessorofPhilosophyatTuftsUniversity,formerdirectoroftheCenterforCognitiveStudies(nowEmeritusProfessor)(Whatis

ListofTopExpertsintheFieldofArtificialConsciousness

ResearchOverthePastDecade

ArtificialIntelligenceDomain

?YoshuaBengio–ProfessorattheUniversityofMontreal,Canada,and

DirectoroftheMontrealInstituteforLearningAlgorithms(MILA),2018TuringAwardwinner(YoshuaBengio:Attentionisacoreingredientof'conscious'AI|VentureBeat).Heisoneofthepioneersofdeeplearningandhasrecentlyproposedthe"ConsciousnessPrior"theory,inspiredbycognitiveneuroscienceresearchonattentionbottlenecksandglobalworkspacemodels([1709.08568]TheConsciousnessPrior).Thistheoryadvocatesthatdeeplearningmodelsshouldonlypropagateasmallamountofkeyinformationatatimetobetterlearnhigh-levelconcepts.BengioadvocatesintegratingneurosciencefindingsonconsciousnessintomachinelearningtopushAIfrom"unconscious"to"conscious"development(YoshuaBengio:Attentionisacoreingredientof'conscious'AI|VentureBeat).

?DemisHassabis–Co-founderandCEOofDeepMind,withabackgroundin

cognitiveneuroscience(Neuroscience-inspiredAI).Heactivelypromotes"neuroscience-inspiredAI,"emphasizingdrawingdesigninspirationfromthehumanbrain(Neuroscience-inspiredAI).Hassabis'steamhasachievedbreakthroughresultsoverthepastdecade(e.g.,AlphaGo),demonstratingthepowerofintegratinghumancognitivemechanismsintoAIsystems,andheadvocatesinterdisciplinarycollaborationtoacceleratetherealizationofhuman-likeintelligence.

NeuroscienceandCognitiveScienceDomains

?ChristofKoch–SeniorresearcherattheAllenInstituteforBrainScience(formerlyChiefScientificOfficerandPresident),Americancognitiveneuroscientist(ChristofKochandIIT-"Consciousnessisnotacomputation…it'sastateofbeing"

-SentientismEp:181-JamieWoodhouse).Kochisknownforhisgroundbreaking

consciousness?Philosopher,DanDennettexplains.).Dennetthaslongbeenengagedinphilosophyofmindandcognitivescienceresearch,famousforhis"multipledraftsmodel"ofconsciousness.Heopposesviewingconsciousnessasamysterious"Cartesiantheater,"arguingthatourexperienceofcontinuousandunifiedconsciousnessisactuallytheresultofparallelprocessinginthebrainbeingintegratedintoasingle"narrative,"justoneofmanyparalleldraftsthatultimatelywinsout(PhilosopherDanielDennettOntheIllusionofConsciousness|DownEastMagazine).Inotherwords,consciousness,inhisview,isausefulillusionpresentedbythebraintofacilitatedecision-makingandbehavior(PhilosopherDanielDennettOntheIllusionofConsciousness|DownEastMagazine).Dennett'stheoryhasinfluencedartificialintelligence,warningagainsteasilyattributinghuman-likemindstoAIandfocusinginsteadonactualfunctionality.

.ThomasMetzinger–Germanphilosopher,ProfessorofTheoretical

PhilosophyatJohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz(nowEmeritus)(ThomasMetzinger-Wikipedia).Metzingerproposedthe"self-model"theory,arguinginhisseminalwork*BeingNoOne*thatthe"self"ismerelyavirtualmodelgeneratedbythebrain,andthereisnopersistentself-entityintheworld.Inrecentyears,hehasfocusedontheethicalimplicationsofartificialconsciousness,callingforamoratoriumonthedevelopmentofartificialsystemswithsubjectiveexperiences:halting"artificialphenomenology"(i.e.,artificialconsciousness)researchandengineeringgloballyuntil2050(Artificialconsciousness:themissingingredientforethicalAI?-PMC).Metzingerwarnsthatcreatingconsciousmachinesthatexperiencesufferingwithoutcorrespondingmoralnormswouldtriggernewethicalcrises.There