江蘇專版2025版高考英語考前保分訓(xùn)練專題2完形填空第4節(jié)說明文練習(xí)牛津譯林版

PAGEPAGE1第4節(jié)說明文題組訓(xùn)練1話題：世界無車日難度：★★建議用時(shí)：16分鐘September22,2024willbeWorldCar-FreeDay，adayonwhichpeopleacrosstheglobeareencouragedtofind1methodstomeettheirtransportationneedsandrediscoverbuses，bikes，andtheirown2.Onthisday，peoplegettogetherinthestreets，intersections，andneighborhoodblocksto3theworldthatwedon’thavetoacceptourcar-controlledsociety.While4alongtheselineshadtakenplacefromtimetotimestarting5the1973oilcrisis，itwasonlyinOctober,19946astructuredcallforsuchprojectswas7inakeynotespeechbyEricBrittonattheInternationalAccessibleCitiesConferenceheldinToledo(Spain).ThefirstnationalcampaignwaslaunchedinBritainin1997，andtheFrenchfollowedsuitin1998.In2000，carBustersissuedanopen8fora“WorldCar-FreeDay”to9withEurope’sCar-FreeDayonSeptember22.10then，wehavebeguntocallforcitizenstoorganize11onornearthisday.However，wedonotwant12onedayofcelebrationsandthenreturnto13life.WorldCar-FreeDayisthe14timetoremindcityplannersandpoliticiansto15cycling，walkingandpublictransport.Itisuptous，citiesandgovernmentstohelp16permanentchangesto17pedestrians，cyclistsandotherpeoplewhodonotdrivecars.While18accomplishmenthasbeenachievedintermsofmediacoverage，theseevents19tobedifficulttoachieverealsuccessandevenadecadelaterthereisconsiderableuncertaintyabouttheusefulnessofthisapproach.Broadpublicsupportand20tochangeisneededforsuccessfulimplementation(執(zhí)行).語篇解讀2024年9月22日將是世界無車日，在這一天，世界各地的人們將被激勵(lì)找尋其他方式來滿意他們的交通需求，重新發(fā)覺公共汽車、自行車和他們自己的腳。文章介紹了世界無車日的起源及發(fā)展。1.A.effective B.efficientC.useful D.alternative答案D解析effective有效的；efficient有效率的；useful有用的；alternative選擇性的。句意為：2024年9月22日將是世界無車日，在這一天，世界各地的人們將被激勵(lì)找尋其他方式來滿意他們的交通需求。故D選項(xiàng)正確。2.A.legs B.motorsC.subway D.feet答案D解析leg腿；motor發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；subway地鐵；foot腳。句意為：重新發(fā)覺公共汽車、自行車和他們自己的腳(即步行)。故D選項(xiàng)正確。3.A.recall B.remindC.realize D.recommend答案B解析recall回憶；remind提示；realize意識；recommend舉薦。句意為：在這一天，人們聚集在街道、十字路口和街區(qū)，提示世界，我們不必接受汽車限制的社會(huì)。故B選項(xiàng)正確。4.A.projects B.findingsC.activities D.meetings答案A解析project項(xiàng)目；findings探討的結(jié)果，發(fā)覺；activity活動(dòng)；meeting會(huì)議。依據(jù)下文“itwasonlyinOctober,1994astructuredcallforsuchprojects”可知，類似的項(xiàng)目時(shí)有發(fā)生。故A選項(xiàng)正確。5.A.as B.onC.with D.beyond答案C解析startwith以……起先。句意為：盡管從1973年的石油危機(jī)起先，類似的項(xiàng)目時(shí)有發(fā)生。故C選項(xiàng)正確。6.A.when B.thatC.where D.how答案B解析when當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；that引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，無詞意；where在……地方；how如何。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。故B選項(xiàng)正確。7.A.undertaken B.submittedC.developed D.issued答案D解析undertake從事；submit主見；develop發(fā)展；issue發(fā)布。句意為：雖然從1973年的石油危機(jī)起先，這方面的項(xiàng)目時(shí)有發(fā)生，但直到1994年10月，埃里克·布里頓才在托萊多(西班牙)實(shí)行的國際無障礙城市會(huì)議上發(fā)表主題演講，有組織地呼吁開展這類項(xiàng)目。故D選項(xiàng)正確。8.A.answer B.callC.wish D.longing答案B解析answer答案；call呼吁；wish愿望；longing渴望。句意為：2000年，反汽車人士公開呼吁設(shè)立“世界無車日”。故B選項(xiàng)正確。9.A.connect B.involveC.consist D.concern答案C解析connect連接；involve涉及；consist和……一樣；concern擔(dān)憂。句意為：2000年，反汽車人士公開呼吁設(shè)立“世界無車日”，與9月22日的歐洲無車日保持一樣。故C選項(xiàng)正確。10.A.Since B.BeforeC.After D.When答案A解析since從……起先；before在……之前；after在……之后；when何時(shí)。句意為：從那時(shí)起，我們已經(jīng)起先呼吁市民在這一天或這一天旁邊組織活動(dòng)。故A選項(xiàng)正確。11.A.events B.affairsC.incidents D.accidents答案A解析event活動(dòng)；affair事務(wù)；incident事務(wù)；accident事故。句意參考上題解析。故A選項(xiàng)正確。12.A.even B.stillC.just D.ever答案C解析even甚至；still仍舊；just僅僅；ever曾經(jīng)。句意為：然而，我們不希望僅僅是一天的慶?；顒?dòng)然后回到以前的生活。故C選項(xiàng)正確。13.A.usual B.previousC.ordinary D.average答案B解析usual通常的；previous從前的；ordinary一般的；average平均的。句意參考上題解析。故B選項(xiàng)正確。14.A.perfect B.limitedC.accurate D.correct答案A解析perfect完備的；limited有限的；accurate精確的；correct正確的。句意為：世界無車日是提示城市規(guī)劃者和政治家優(yōu)先考慮自行車、步行和公共交通的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。故A選項(xiàng)正確。15.A.givewayto B.giveprioritytoC.giveriseto D.giveinto答案B解析givewayto給……讓路；givepriorityto優(yōu)先考慮；giveriseto使發(fā)生；giveinto向……讓步。句意參考上題解析。故B選項(xiàng)正確。16.A.employ B.decreaseC.create D.increase答案C解析employ雇用；decrease削減；create創(chuàng)建；increase增加。句意為：我們(個(gè)人)、城市和政府應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助創(chuàng)建永久性的變更……。故C選項(xiàng)正確。17.A.assist B.benefitC.instruct D.influence答案B解析assist幫助；benefit使……受益；instruct指導(dǎo)；influence影響。句意為：……使行人、騎自行車的人和其他不開車的人受益。故B選項(xiàng)正確。18.A.constant B.similarC.envying D.considerable答案D解析constant常常的；similar相像的；envying嫉妒的；considerable相當(dāng)大的，重要的。句意為：雖然在媒體報(bào)道方面已取得相當(dāng)大的成就……故D選項(xiàng)正確。19.A.turnout B.workoutC.carryout D.figureout答案A解析turnout結(jié)果是，被證明是；workout計(jì)算出；carryout開展；figureout理解。句意為：事實(shí)證明，這些事務(wù)很難取得真正的勝利，甚至十年后，這種方法的有效性也存在相當(dāng)大的不確定性。故A選項(xiàng)正確。20.A.approach B.attitudeC.chance Dmitment答案D解析approach途徑；attitude看法；chance機(jī)會(huì)；commitment承諾。句意為：公眾對變革的廣泛支持和承諾變更是勝利實(shí)施的必要條件。故D選項(xiàng)正確。2話題：人物介紹難度：★★★建議用時(shí)：17分鐘StephenGlennisafamousAmericanresearchscientist.Hehasmadeseveralveryimportantmedical21.Whenanewspaperjournalistaskedhimwhyhewasabletobesomuchmore22thantheaverageperson，herespondedthatitallcamefroma(n)23withhismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasachild.Stephenhadbeentryingto24abottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhe25hisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell，spilling(潑出)itscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor—arealseaofmilk!Whenhismothercameintothekitchen，insteadof26athim，givinghimalectureorchastisinghim，shesaid，“Whatagreatandwonderful27youhavemade!Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepondofmilk.Well，the28hasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutes29wecleanitup？”Indeed，hedid.Afterafewminutes，hismothersaid，“Stephen，wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis，30youhavetocleanitupandrestoreeverythingtoitsproper31.”Andtogethertheycleanedupthespilledmilk.Hismotherthensaid，“Youknow，whatwehavehereisa32experimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let’sgooutinthebackyardand33thebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithout34it.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands，hecould35itwithoutdroppingit.Whatagood36tohim!Thisfamousscientistthenremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn’tneedtobeafraidtomake37.Instead，helearnedthatmistakeswerejust38forlearningsomethingnew，whichis，afterall，whatscientific39areallabout.Eveniftheexperimentdoesn’twork，weusuallylearnsomething40fromit.語篇解讀作者通過這篇文章向我們介紹了美國聞名的科學(xué)家斯蒂芬·格倫。當(dāng)記者問他勝利的秘訣時(shí)，他共享了他小時(shí)候的一個(gè)故事。21.A.impressions B.breakthroughsC.promises D.intentions答案B解析impression印象；breakthrough突破；promise許諾；intention意圖。依據(jù)上文“StephenGlennisafamousAmericanresearchscientist.”可知，他做出了幾個(gè)特別重要的醫(yī)學(xué)突破。故B選項(xiàng)正確。22.A.outgoing B.responsibleC.warm-hearted D.creative答案D解析outgoing外向的；responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；warm-hearted熱心的；creative創(chuàng)建性的。依據(jù)上文可知，新聞?dòng)浾邌査麨槭裁此鼙纫话闳烁袆?chuàng)建力。故D選項(xiàng)正確。23.A.experience B.wordC.argument D.adventure答案A解析experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；word話；argument爭辯；adventure冒險(xiǎn)。依據(jù)下文“thatoccurredwhenhewasachild”可知，他回應(yīng)道他的創(chuàng)建力來自他小時(shí)候和他母親的一次經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故A選項(xiàng)正確。24.A.recycle B.purchaseC.remove D.freeze答案C解析recycle使再循環(huán)；purchase購買；remove移動(dòng)；freeze凍結(jié)。依據(jù)下文“abottleofmilkfromtherefrigerator”可知，斯蒂芬始終試圖從冰箱里拿出一瓶牛奶。故C選項(xiàng)正確。25.A.lost B.tightenedC.adjusted D.caught答案A解析lose失去；tighten拉緊；adjust調(diào)整；catch抓住。依據(jù)下文“itfell，spilling(潑出)itscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor—arealseaofmilk！”可知，他失去了對奶瓶的限制。故A選項(xiàng)正確。26.A.looking B.yellingC.smiling D.glancing答案B解析look看；yell大喊；smile微笑；glance瞥見。依據(jù)下文“givinghimalectureorchastisinghim，shesaid，‘whatagreatandwonderfulyouhavemade！’”可知，斯蒂芬的媽媽并沒有對他大聲吼叫。故B選項(xiàng)正確。27.A.discovery B.messC.change D.joke答案B解析discovery發(fā)覺；mess混亂；change變更；joke笑話。依據(jù)下文“Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepondofmilk.”可知，媽媽告知斯蒂芬他制造了一個(gè)宏大而奇妙的混亂。故B選項(xiàng)正確。28.A.injury B.researchC.assignment D.damage答案D解析injury受傷；research探討；assignment安排；damage損壞。依據(jù)下文“Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutes”可知，媽媽告知斯蒂芬，損害已經(jīng)造成了，那就玩一會(huì)兒吧。故D選項(xiàng)正確。29.A.whenB.onceC.afterD.before答案D解析when當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；once一旦；after在……之后；before在……之前。媽媽問在把牛奶清理干凈之前，斯蒂芬·格倫是否情愿在牛奶里玩幾分鐘。故D選項(xiàng)正確。30.A.gradually B.initiallyC.eventually D.constantly答案C解析gradually漸漸地；initially最初；eventually最終；constantly不斷地。媽媽告知斯蒂芬無論什么時(shí)候搞得像這樣一團(tuán)糟，最終都必需清理和復(fù)原到正常秩序。故C選項(xiàng)正確。31.A.order B.situationC.form D.use答案A解析order秩序；situation狀況；form形式；use運(yùn)用。句意參考上題解析。故A選項(xiàng)正確。32.A.successful B.failedCpleted D.useless答案B解析successful勝利的；failed失敗的；completed完成的；useless沒用的。依據(jù)上文可知，他們經(jīng)驗(yàn)了一次關(guān)于如何有效地用兩只小手拿著一個(gè)大奶瓶的失敗的試驗(yàn)。故B選項(xiàng)正確。33.A.fill B.washC.polish D.cover答案A解析fill裝；wash洗；polish擦；cover覆蓋。依據(jù)下文withwater可知，用水裝滿瓶子。故A選項(xiàng)正確。34.A.shaking B.droppingC.lifting D.touching答案B解析shake搖擺；drop掉；lift抬起；touch觸摸。依據(jù)下文“hecoulditwithoutdroppingit”可知，他們在嘗試找到一種既能拿又不掉的方法。故B選項(xiàng)正確。35.A.makeup B.makeoffC.makeit D.makesense答案C解析makeup彌補(bǔ)；makeoff離開；makeit獲得勝利；makesense講得通。依據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，斯蒂芬勝利做到了。故C選項(xiàng)正確。36.A.attitude B.apologyC.project D.lesson答案D解析attitude看法；apology致歉；project項(xiàng)目；lesson課。這對他是多么好的一課??！故D選項(xiàng)正確。37.A.efforts B.plansC.mistakes D.decisions答案C解析effort努力；plan支配；mistake錯(cuò)誤；decision確定。依據(jù)下文“Instead，helearnedthatmistakes”可知，他不必膽怯 犯錯(cuò)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。38.A.requirements B.routinesC.chances D.goals答案C解析requirement要求；routine路途；chance機(jī)會(huì)；goal目標(biāo)。相反，他得知錯(cuò)誤只是學(xué)習(xí)新東西的機(jī)會(huì)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。39.A.achievements B.approachesC.seminars D.experiments答案D解析achievement成就；approach方法；seminar研討會(huì)；experiment試驗(yàn)。依據(jù)下文“Eveniftheexperimentdoesn’twork”可知，此處指科學(xué)試驗(yàn)。故D選項(xiàng)正確。40.A.valuable B.ambiguousC.familiar D.abstract答案A解析valuable有價(jià)值的；ambiguous引起歧義的；familiar熟識的；abstract抽象的。即使試驗(yàn)不勝利，我們通常也能從中學(xué)到一些有價(jià)值的東西。故A選項(xiàng)正確。3話題：如何對待不公允難度：★★★建議用時(shí)：17分鐘Inlife，wewillsucceedandfailoftenforreasonsthatareentirelyoutofour41.Wecanworkharderthananyoneelseintheofficeandstillnotbe42.Wecanbeincrediblyniceandlovesomeonedeeply，andtheymaynotloveus43.Thebottomlineisthatlifeisnot44.Thatisatough45toswallowformanyofus.Asaresult，somepeople46afterbeinghitbyevenoneunfairblowfromlife.Butifweletlife’sunfairness47us，wewillneverreceivethebeautifulblessingsthatlifehas48forus.Myfirst49marriagefeltveryunfairtome.NomatterhowhardIhadtriedtobeagoodwife，Icouldnotmaketherelationship50.Icouldhavebeen51bythatexperience.ButIbelievedthatIcouldbe52marriedoneday53Ialwayswantedtoexperiencetraditionalfamilylife.Andthen，Imetthiskind，thoughtful，generousman.WhatI’velearnedovertheyearsisthatwecandoallthethingsthat54agoodoutcome，butget55thingsinreturninstead.Whenwearefacedwithlife’sseemingunfairness，our56needstojumpin.Whenlifedoesn’tgo57plans，wehavetoletgooftheoutcomethatwehavebeen58andkeeptrying，anddoingtherightthing.59thatlifeisneitherfairnorstraightforward.Andbyknowingthatifweremainconfident，wecandriveourunfairexperiencesawayandusethemforour60.語篇解讀作者通過這篇文章向我們講解并描述了如何看待生活中的不公允，當(dāng)我們遭受不公允常，作者建議我們要信任自己，并接著做我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事。41.A.reach B.controlC.date D.order答案B解析句意為：在生活中，我們常會(huì)因不行控的緣由勝利或失敗。outofreach夠不著，達(dá)不到；outofcontrol無法限制，超出……的限制；outofdate過期的；outoforder無序的。依據(jù)句意可知，選B項(xiàng)。42.A.promoted B.paidC.pleased D.proved答案A解析分析語境可知，“我們可能比辦公室其他任何人都努力工作，但仍舊沒有得到晉升”，因此要選A項(xiàng)，promoted晉升的。43.A.more B.backC.enough D.unconditionally答案B解析more更多；back回來；enough足夠；unconditionally無條件地。依據(jù)語境可知“我們可以特別好，深愛一個(gè)人，他們可能不會(huì)像我們愛他們那樣愛我們(即把愛還回來)”故選B項(xiàng)。44.A.easy B.smoothC.fair D.ideal答案C解析easy簡單的；smooth光滑的，順當(dāng)?shù)?；fair公允的；ideal志向的，完備的。依據(jù)上文的語境可推斷出，我們付出的比得到的回報(bào)多，所以是不公允的(fair)，而且下文中“oneunfairblowfromlife”及“weletlife’sunfairness”也是提示，所以選C項(xiàng)。45.A.feeling B.wordC.fact D.pill答案D解析feeling心情，情感；word話語，單詞；fact事實(shí)；pill藥丸。依據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，這種不公允對我們很多人來說是一個(gè)難以下咽的藥丸。故選D項(xiàng)。46.A.dieddown B.lookeddownC.shutdown D.settleddown答案C解析diedown減弱，漸漸平靜；lookdown瞧不起；shutdown關(guān)閉；settledown停留，定居。依據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容可知“結(jié)果，一些人甚至因被生活中的一個(gè)不公允的打擊擊中而自我封閉”。shutdown本意為“關(guān)閉”，此處引申為“自我封閉”，故選C項(xiàng)。47.A.confuse B.manageC.betray D.defeat答案D解析confuse使迷惑；manage經(jīng)營，管理；betray背叛；defeat戰(zhàn)勝。上文中的“beinghitbyevenoneunfairblowfromlife”中的hit與defeat是同義詞，也是提示。意為“但是假如我們讓生活的不公允戰(zhàn)勝我們，……”，故選D項(xiàng)。48.A.incharge B.inreturnC.inplace D.instore答案D解析incharge掌管，負(fù)責(zé)；inreturn作為報(bào)答，反過來；inplace恰當(dāng)，合適；instore(forsb.)即將發(fā)生(在某人身上)，等待著(某人)。依據(jù)上下文的語境可知，“但是，假如我們讓生命的不公允戰(zhàn)勝我們，我們將恒久不會(huì)得到生活即將帶給我們的奇妙祝愿”，故選D項(xiàng)。49.A.arranged B.failedC.happy D.interesting答案B解析arranged支配好的；failed失敗了的，不勝利的；happy歡樂的；interesting好玩的。依據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，“我的第一次婚姻是失敗的”。故選B項(xiàng)。50.A.work B.startC.end D.worsen答案A解析work使產(chǎn)生效果，起作用；start起先，啟動(dòng)；end結(jié)束；worsen惡化，使更壞。依據(jù)語境可知，這是一次失敗的婚姻，而且是不公允的，故“無論我多么努力想成為一個(gè)好妻子，我都不能使這種關(guān)系運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好”，因此選A。51.A.teased B.discouragedC.hurt D.shocked答案B解析tease取笑，戲弄；discourage使泄氣；hurt損害；shock