浙京津魯瓊專版2025版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題二閱讀理解第二節(jié)推理判斷題四文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題學(xué)案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1四、文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ，D)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”DrLivingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院科學(xué)家MargaretLivingstone帶領(lǐng)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：猴子能算算術(shù)，且它們對(duì)大數(shù)值的關(guān)注賽過小數(shù)值。32．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A．Theyfedthem.B．Theynamedthem.C．Theytrainedthem.D．Theymeasuredthem.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段首句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案為C。33．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A．Bydrawingacircle.B．Bytouchingascreen.C．Bywatchingvideos.D．Bymixingtwodrinks.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段末句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.”可知答案為B。34．WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A．Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段可知，探討人員在進(jìn)行了數(shù)百次測(cè)試后發(fā)覺，猴子多半時(shí)候會(huì)選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記憶每個(gè)組合的值。故選A。35．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Health.C．Education. D．Science.答案D解析文章出處題。依據(jù)全文可知，本文講解并描述了科學(xué)家們通過科學(xué)試驗(yàn)得出猴子能夠算算術(shù)的結(jié)論。由此可知，該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版上。故選D。一、題型解讀幾乎全部話題都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對(duì)象題。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin.(2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof.(3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?(4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor.(5)Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?二、解題技巧——內(nèi)容細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)巧推斷1．利用內(nèi)容推斷文章出處(1)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱→newspaper(2)推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品→advertisement(3)文章中有clickhere等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語→website(4)旅游勝地方面的介紹→travelguide(5)時(shí)尚、名人或消遣方面的介紹→magazine/journal/entertainmentsection(6)科普學(xué)問→sciencereport(7)文化教化類文章→educationsection2．利用內(nèi)容推斷文章類別(1)旅游景點(diǎn)方面的介紹：travelguide(2)新產(chǎn)品/新書/新影片/演出介紹：advertisement(3)活動(dòng)介紹：notice/announcement(4)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱：news(5)科普學(xué)問/探討介紹：sciencereport/studyreport3．確定讀者對(duì)象先確定文章主題，再依據(jù)文章詳細(xì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推斷讀者對(duì)象。例如：【真題感悟】中第35題，通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家MargaretLivingstone帶領(lǐng)他的探討團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)猴子進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)得出的探討結(jié)果。這屬于“科學(xué)探討”范疇，故該文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”板塊。故選D項(xiàng)。A(2024·湖北十堰模擬)Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious，asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(無手機(jī)恐驚癥)8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt”(neckpainwasoftenreported)and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandget2attachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorMarkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4counts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)．“WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffiths.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheycan’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchatorInstagram，theybecomepanic-strickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet，”saysGriffiths.語篇解讀本文為說明文。當(dāng)今社會(huì)的很多人成了手機(jī)控，只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會(huì)出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐驚癥，會(huì)感到焦慮擔(dān)憂，似乎失去了與世界的聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)槿藗儼阎悄苁謾C(jī)當(dāng)作存儲(chǔ)、共享和訪問他人、與摯友聯(lián)系的一種工具。1．WhichofthefollowingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith?A．Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones.B．Phoneshavebecomepartofsomeusers.C．Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer.D．Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段其次、三、四句，其次段中的“usersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices”及最終一段第三句可知，現(xiàn)在的手機(jī)已成為很多人生活的一部分了，分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。2．AccordingtoGriffiths，wegetnomophobiabecause.A．weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonusB．weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformationC．weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoingD．wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句中的“...itiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)．”可知，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人們膽怯 錯(cuò)過摯友們發(fā)的東西，擔(dān)憂不知道摯友在做什么，分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。3．Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?A．Inaresearchreport.B．Inafashionbrochure.C．Inasciencetextbook.D．Inapopularsciencemagazine.答案D解析文章出處題。本文主要敘述了當(dāng)今社會(huì)的很多人已成為手機(jī)控及他們成為手機(jī)控的緣由。有的人只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會(huì)出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐驚癥，感到焦慮擔(dān)憂，似乎失去了與世界的聯(lián)系，這是因?yàn)橹悄苁謾C(jī)是人們存儲(chǔ)、共享和訪問他人、與摯友聯(lián)系的一種工具。這種文章一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)在科普雜志上。故選D項(xiàng)。B(2024·山東臨沂質(zhì)檢)Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.VaticanMuseums：VaticanCityTheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosinga3skip-the-linetour.“Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter，butalsoincludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance.”ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel?Yes!BambooForest：Kyoto，JapanBambooForestisthemostworthysightinKyoto.Ifyou’re10longingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness，KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible—think7a．m.ifyou’reupforit.Don’tmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonly5witnessinJapan.ChichenItza：Yucatán，MexicoHometoElCastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors，ChichenItzaisamust-see.Wanttobeattherush?Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide，it’sfulloffascinatinginsightsandfacts—withouttonsofpack-wearingtourists.LouvreMuseum：Paris，F(xiàn)ranceTheLouvreisoneofthemostpopularmuseumsontheplanet.12Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，consider6purchasinga7reservedticket.Thiswillgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalf-hourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil9∶45pmonWednesdaysandFridays，ifyou’reupforsomelate-nightartvisits.語篇解讀本文是一則廣告。文章介紹了四個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)，供應(yīng)應(yīng)“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。4．WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson?A．Queuingforfourhours.B．Jumpingthewaitingline.C．Takingaskip-the-linetour.D．VisitingtheSistineChapel.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)VaticanMuseums：VaticanCity的第一、二句“TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosingaskip-the-linetour.”可知答案為C。5．Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush?A．VaticanMuseumsandBambooForest.B．ChichenItzaandBambooForest.C．BambooForestandLouvreMuseum.D．ChichenItzaandLouvreMuseum.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)BambooForest：Kyoto，Japan中的“KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible”和ChichenItza：Yucatán，Mexico中的“Wanttobeattherush?Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.”可知選B。6．Whomightthispassagebeintendedfor?A．Visitorsinterestedinmuseums.B．Guidesatthetouristattractions.C．Peopleattheticketcounter.D．Touriststobeattherush.答案D解析讀者對(duì)象題。依據(jù)第一段“Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.”可知，這篇文章可能是寫給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。故選D。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據(jù)句意揣測(cè)畫線部分的意思1．Insomelessdevelopedareas，peopleareeagertoaccesstomedicalcare.運(yùn)用2．Thoughfarawayfromherhome，sheisveryattachedtoherfamilyandfriends.依戀3．Whatpercentageofyourclassmatesregularlyskipbreakfast，themostimportantmealoftheday？跳過，不做(二)同義詞語替換4．Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.matters/makesadifference5．Shehadthegiftofwordstohelphergetthroughthehardship，heartacheandmajorsocialchangesshehadtowitnessfirsthand.see6．Tabletsareespeciallyusefulforcollegestudentsbecausestudentscanpurchasee-booksordigital(數(shù)字的)versionsoftextbooksandstorethemallinoneveryportableplace.buy7．Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.booked(三)一詞多義8．a(chǎn)ffectv．影響；使感動(dòng)；使感染(1)Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestorysharedbythehomelessboy.v.使感動(dòng)(2)Withofficialaid，thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.v.影響(3)Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.v.使感染9．separateadj.單獨(dú)的，分開的v．分別；區(qū)分；隔開(1)EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheChannel.v.隔開(2)Thecapacitytothinkseparateshumansfromotheranimals.v.區(qū)分(3)Useseparateknivesforrawandcookedmeat.adj.單獨(dú)的，分開的(4)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，Igotseparatedfrommyfriends.v.分別10．longadj.長(zhǎng)的；長(zhǎng)期的adv.長(zhǎng)期地；許久地v．渴望(1)Itdidn’ttakelongtorepairthetable.adv.長(zhǎng)期地(2)Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.v.渴望(3)Theagreementshouldhaveverypositiveresultsinthelongterm.adj.長(zhǎng)期的Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解11．Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.[句式分析]本句是主從復(fù)合句，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是thinks，后面的attachmenttheoryis...asmallpartofnomophobia是賓語從句。在該賓語從句中，where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞theory；because引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句，其中的holds表示“持有”。[精致譯文]格里菲斯認(rèn)為，依戀理論是無手機(jī)恐驚癥的一小部分。依據(jù)依戀理論，我們對(duì)手機(jī)產(chǎn)生情感依靠，因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)駕馭著我們生活的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。12．Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，considerpurchasingareservedticket.[句式分析]本句是主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，主句是一個(gè)祈使句。在該if從句中，waitingaroundinlinetogetin作主語，所以謂語動(dòng)詞須要用單數(shù)形式。[精致譯文]假如在巴黎逗留時(shí)，你不喜愛排隊(duì)等候進(jìn)入，那就考慮提前訂票。強(qiáng)化練(十五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·河南六市一模)Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions，there’salwaystheriskyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.Butthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepast，thankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure，humidity(濕度)andlightsensors(傳感器)tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions，suchasrain，withinaperiodoftime，suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular，itmaycloseoneormorewindows，orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughitisunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon，suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent，thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers，basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)，它的天氣預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)通過傳感器來預(yù)料天氣變更并對(duì)車輛自身進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。1．HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?A．Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.B．Vehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.C．Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.D．Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段其次句可知，捷豹路虎最新的技術(shù)可以讓車輛像移動(dòng)的天氣2．Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?A．Itcanhelpadjusttheinsidetemperature.B．Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays.C．Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces.D．Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段末句“Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采納新技術(shù)的汽車玻璃的顏色會(huì)隨著陽光而變更。故D選項(xiàng)正確。3．Whatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext?A．Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining.B．Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.C．Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately.D．Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段末句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainor4．Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A．Abookreview.B．Asciencereport.C．Asciencefictionstory.D．Atravelbrochure.答案B解析文章出處題。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)技術(shù)，因此本文應(yīng)當(dāng)出自一份科學(xué)報(bào)道。故B選項(xiàng)正確。B(2024·遼寧沈陽市郊聯(lián)體一模)DowomenmakeBETTERastronauts？Russialocksanall-femalecrewinspacesimulator(太空模擬器)foreightdaystofindout.SixRussianwomenhavebeensentintoaspaceshiptobeginauniqueexperimenttestinghowanall-femalecrewwouldrelatetoothersonatriptotheMoonandback.“It’sinterestingforustoseewhatisspecialaboutthewayafemalecrewcommunicates，”saidSergeiPonomaryov，theexperiment’sleader.“Itwillbeparticularlyinterestingintermsofpsychology，”saidtheinstitute’sdirectorIgorUshakov.“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts，eventhoughtheysaythatinonekitchen，twohousewivesfindithardtolivetogether，”headded.Thevolunteersincludescientificresearchers，adoctorandapsychologist.Thetestperiodsimulates(仿照)aflighttotheMoonandback，withthewomencarryingout10experimentscoveringpsychologyandhumanbiology.Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.Lastyear，itsentitsfourthfemaleastronautintospace，YelenaSerova.SerovacomplainedofagreatdealofmediainterestinhowshewouldwashherhairaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation，pointingoutthatmaleastronautsdidnotfacethesamelineofquestioning.Thewomenfoundthemselvesfieldingquestionsatapressconferenceabouthowtheywouldactwithoutmenormakeupforeightdays.“Weareverybeautifulwithoutmakeup，”saidparticipantDaryaKomissarova.HercolleagueAnnaKussmaulwasmoredirect：“Wearedoingwork.Whenyou’redoingyourwork，youdon’tthinkaboutmenandwomen.”Theyplantospendtheirfreetimewatchingfilms，readingandplayingboardgames.TeamleaderYelenaLuchnitskayasaidsheexpectedthewomentodealwithanyconflict.語篇解讀本文屬于科普說明文，主要介紹了俄羅斯做的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性是否能成為更好的宇航員的試驗(yàn)。5．Inwhichcolumncanyoufindthispassageonawebsite?A．Education. B．Entertainment.C．Science. D．Economy.答案C解析文章出處題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章涉及太空試驗(yàn)的問題，所以可推知，從網(wǎng)站的“科學(xué)”欄目中能夠看到此文。故選C。6．What’sthepurposeoftheexperiment?A．Toshowthatwomencandobetterthanmen.B．Totestwhetherwomencanbegoodastronauts.C．Togatherinformationabouttheconditionsinspace.D．Tomeasurethedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句可知，本試驗(yàn)的目的在于驗(yàn)證女性在太空中如何表現(xiàn)及她們能否成為更好的宇航員。故選B。7．WhatdoweknowfromwhatIgorUshakovsaid?A．Womencannotlivepeacefullyinspaceatall.B．Theremaybeconflictsamongthewomenastronauts.C．Thefemalecrewwilldealwitheachotherinanewway.D．Beinginthesamekitchenhelpsthewomenlivetogether.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句可知，IgorUshakov提到有些人說在一個(gè)廚房里兩個(gè)家庭主婦都無法很好相處，那么在太空中女宇航員在空間極其有限的狀況下可能會(huì)間或沖突。而且關(guān)鍵信息句“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts”也表達(dá)出了IgorUshakov對(duì)女宇航員間發(fā)生小摩擦的預(yù)估。故選B。8．Whichofthefollowingwasoncesentintospace?A．SergeiPonomaryov.B．DaryaKomissarova.C．AnnaKussmaul.D．ValentinaTereshkova.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第三句“Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.”可知，ValentinaTereshkova曾經(jīng)被送入太空。故選D。C(2024·浙江新高考名校聯(lián)考信息卷五)Evenbeforewewereborn，weknewourmother’svoiceandcoulddistinguishitfromothervoices.That’soneofthekeyfindingsofanongoingresearchprojectbyCanadianandChineseresearchers.Theresearchsuggeststhatwhilewearestillinthewomb(子宮)，ourbrainsarelearningspeechpatternsandlayingthegroundworkforlanguageacquisition.“Beforebirth，thebrainisbeingsetuptolearnlanguage，”saysBarbaraKisilevsky，whoconductedtheresearch.Ithadalreadybeenknownthatnewbornbabiesshowapreferencefortheirmother’svoice，butherlatestresearchshowstheyalsopreferthatfamiliarsoundwhilestillinthewomb.KisilevskycarriedoutthefirstlegoftheresearchinChina，becauseshealreadyhadaresearchprojectunderwaythereandthisfitnicelywiththatwork.WorkingwithresearchersatZhejiangUniversity，Kisilevskytested60womeninthefinalstageofpregnancy.Allthemothersweretape-recordedastheyreadapoemoutloud.Thenthemothersweredividedintotwogroups.Halfthefetuses(胎兒)heardtherecordingoftheirownmother.Theotherhalfheardthatofanothermother，butnottheirown.Inbothcases，thepoemcausedachangeinthebaby’sheartrate.Theheartrateacceleratedamongthosewhoheardtheirownmother’svoice，anddeceleratedamongthosewhoheardavoiceotherthanthatoftheirmother’s.Decelerationoftheheartrateis“anattentionmechanism(機(jī)制)”，Kisilevskysays.Theheartbeatamongfetuseswhoheardanunfamiliarvoicesloweddown，shesays，becausetheywerepayingcloseattentiontoavoicetheydidnotrecognize.Thefactthattheheartbeatchangedinbothcases—upforMom，downforsomeoneelse—showsthefetuses“noticedbothvoices”，shesays，andcouldtellonefromtheother.Bytheway，thepoemisimmaterialhere.Kisilevskysuspectsshewouldhavehadthesameresultsifthemothershadbeenreadingaphonebook.“It’snotthecontentthatthefetusesrecognized，”shesays.“Weallhaveourownwayoftalking.Westopatdifferenttimes，takebreathsatdifferenttimes，andthat’swhattheyarerecognizing.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對(duì)聲音的識(shí)別的探討。9.Whatledtothechangeinfetuses’heartrateacccordingtotheresearch?A．Theirfamiliaritywiththevoice.B．Thequalityoftherecordings.C．Theircuriosityabouteverything.D．Thecontentofthepoemrecorded.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段其次句可知，胎兒在聽到不熟識(shí)的聲音時(shí)，它們的心跳會(huì)減慢，因?yàn)樗鼈儼迅嗟牧粢饬Ψ旁诹怂鼈儾荒茏R(shí)別的這個(gè)聲音上。由此可知，在探討中，胎兒對(duì)聲音的熟識(shí)度的不同導(dǎo)致了它們心率的變更。故選A。10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Adultstalkinawayquitedifferentfrombabies.B．Kisilevskyfirmlybelievesherfindingsareapplicable.C．Speechpatternsarewhatfetusesrecognizeintellingvoices.D．Differentexperimentalmaterialscanleadtodifferentre