2024-2025學年高二英語北師版選擇性必修第四冊教學課件 Unit 12 Lessson 3

UNIT12INNOVATIONLESSON3

STEPHENHAWKING

STEPHENHAWKING ACTIVEANDSHRAEPairWork

HaveyouheardaboutStephenHawking?Whatdidhediscoverordo?Whatwasspecialabouthim?Activity1oneoftheworld’smostfamousscientistsintheoreticalphysicstohaveararediseasetolosespeechtoovercomethechallengeof...hisphysicalabilitiesdeclinetodiscoverthesecretsoftheuniverseREADANDEXPLORELookatthewebpageaboutStephenHawking.Completetheinformationontheleft.ThengobacktoActivity1,andanswerthequestionsinmoredetail.Birth______________EducationStAlbansSchoolTheUniversityof________________(1955-1962),studied_________PhD,theUniversityofCambridge(1966)Activity28January,1942OxfordphysicsREADANDEXPLORELookatthewebpageaboutStephenHawking.Completetheinformationontheleft.ThengobacktoActivity1,andanswerthequestionsinmoredetail.CareerInstituteofAstronomy,___________(1968-1973)ProfessorofMathematics,Cambridge(1979-2009)DirectorofResearch,CentreforTheoreticalCosmology,Cambridge(2009-2018)FamilyMarriedtoJaneWilde(1965-1991,threechildren)andElaineMason(1995-2006)Activity2CambridgePairworkReadthewebpageagain.CompletethetimelineaboutStephenHawking’slifeandwork.Thentelleachotherabouthiminpairsbasedonthetimeline.19421959_____1985wasbornwasdiagnosedwithALS

1963wenttoUniversityofOxfordtostudyphysicshadtohaveanoperation/losthisspeechasaresultActivity31988200520122018

diedhisbookABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHolessoldonecopyforevery750peopleonearthdecidedtowriteasimplerversion,AbrieferHistoryofTimesaidtoaTVaudienceof900millionpeopleattheopeningceremonyofLondon2012Olympics:“Lookupatthestarsandnotdownatyourfeet…becurious.”Activity3Readthewebpageagain.AskandanswerthequestionsaboutStephenHawkinginpairs.Activity4Whendidhebecomeill?Whatwastheresultofhisillness?————————————————————————————————————————2.Whatdidhestudy?Whatdidhefind?——————————————————————————————————————————

HewasdiagnosedwithALSattheageof21.Hewasonlyexpectedtoliveforafewyears.Hestudiedblackhole.Therewasasortofholeinthecentreofablackhole.Thisholeledtoanotheruniverse,completelyseparatefromourown.Readthewebpageagain.AskandanswerthequestionsaboutStephenHawkinginpairs.Activity43.Whatbooksdidhewrite?Whatdidheargueinthebooks?——————————————————————————————————————————4.Whatisablackhole?——————————————————————————————————————————

HewroteFromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles,ABrieferHistoryofTime,TheGrandDesign.Hearguedthatweshouldlookforadifferentwaytodiscoverthedeepestsecretsoftheuniverse.Ablackholeisaplaceinspacewheregravityisverystrong.Anythingthatfallsintoitnevercomesout.Notingcanescapefromit,notevenlight.Asaresult,itisimpossibletoseeablackhole.IntroduceStephenHawkingbasedonthediagram.StephenHawkingAttitudetowardslifeStudyBooksBirthEducationillnessActivity5GroupWorkThinkandshare.Activity6WhatwasStephenHawking’sattitudetowardslife?Findevidencefromthewebpage.Hawkinghadapositiveattitudetowardslifeandhenevergotdisappointedordiscouragedfromhisillness.“Hawkingwasfamous.Notjustforhisbrilliantworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology,butalso…”“AlthoughHawking’sphysicalabilitiesdeclinedoverdecades,heneverceasedhisstudies…”“Inspiteofhisdisease,Hawkingdidn’tconsiderhimselfanunluckyman.”“MyexpectationswerereducedtozerowhenIwas21.everythingsincethenhasbeenahonus.”GroupWorkThinkandshare.Activity62.WhatdoyouthinkthissayingbyStephenHawkingmeans:“Lookupatthestarsandnotdownatyourfeet…becurious.”?3.Howaretheparagraphsonthewebpageconnectedtoeachother?Findandcircletheindicators.Itmeansthatweshouldnotfocusonoureverydaylivesandworrytoomuchaboutunimportantmatters.Weshouldthinkonalargerscaleandbecuriousaboutnatureandthesimplethingsoflife.Hawkinglaterfound…,althoughHawking’sphysical…,Hawkingalsowrote…,InspiteofhisdiseaseCompletethesummaryofStephenHawking’slifebasedonwhatyouhavelearnt.Activity7StephenHawkingwasbornin1942.hestudiedatUniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge,butattheageof21,hewasdiagnosedwithaseriousdisease.However,hefinishedhis1.__________andgotajobattheUniversityofCambridgeandcontinuedhisworkin2.__________________physicsand3.__________.Whilehisreputationforhisworkspread,hisphysicalability4._________.In1985,afteranoperation,hestartedtouse5._______________________________tohelphimtalk.However,Hawkingneverceasedhisstudiesandhecontinuedtodevelophistheorieson6.___________.Hawkingbelievedthathewasnotanunluckyperson.Fromhisdiagnosisat21heregardedeverythingsincethenasa7._________.Hewasproudofhisfamilyandhiswork,andheappreciatedthehelpthatmanypeoplehadgivenhim.

studiestheoreticalcosmologydeclinedspeech-generatingequipment

blackholesbonusCompletetheWordBuilderwithphrasalprepositions.Whatotherphrasalprepositionsdoyouknow?PhrasalPrepositions1._______________21,whenHawkingspenthisfirstyearattheUniversityofCambridge…2.Histheorywasthattherewasasortofhole

__________________ablackhole.3._____________tryingtofindonebignewexplanation,

scientistsshould…4._____________hisdisease,Hawkingdidn’tconsider

himselfanunluckyman.WordbuilderAttheageofinthecentreofInsteadofInspiteofActivity8UsethephrasalprepositionsbelowtocompletethewebpagebelowonStephenHawking.insteadof withthehelpofinspiteof asaresultofAftertheOperationIn1985,Hawkinghadtohaveanoperationonhisthroat.1.________________theoperation,hecouldn’tspeakatall.However,2.________________notbeingabletotalk,hewasstillabletocommunicatebyraisinghiseyebrowswhensomeonepointedtotherightletteronaspellingcard.AsaresultofinspiteofActivity9insteadof withthehelpofinspiteof asaresultofAcomputerexpertheardofHawking’sproblemandsenthimacomputerprogramme.3._________________thisprogramme,Hawkingcouldchoosewordsfromamenuonascreen.4.______________pressingaswitchinhishand,hecouldcontroltheprogrammebymakingaheadoreyemovement.Atfirst,hecouldruntheprogrammeonadesktopcomputer,butthenamancalledDavidMasonfittedasmallportablecomputertohiswheelchair.WiththehelpofInsteadofActivity9Completethequestionswithapreposition.1

Whatareyouinterested

?2

Inyourfamily，whodoyouhaveagoodrelationship

?3

Whatareyouafraid

?4

Whatareyouproud

?5

What’sthemostseriousproblemthat’severhappened

you?6

Howdidyoudeal

yourproblem? Activity10in

withofof

towith

Ⅰ閱讀理解（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案）1.Whereisthepassagetakenfrom?Abook. B.TheInternet.C.Thenewspaper. D.TheTVnews.2.WhenwasStephenHawkingdiscoveredtosufferfromALS?A.Whenhewasborn.B.WhenhewasstudyingattheUniversityofOxford.C.WhenhewasstudyingattheUniversityofCambridge.D.WhenhewasworkingattheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridge.課文預(yù)習自測○○

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.StephenHawkingwasfamousforhistheoryofblackholes.B.StephenHawkingwastheco-authorofthebookTheGrandDesign.C.ThebookABriefHistoryofTime：FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoleswaspopularbecauseitiseasytounderstand.D.ThebookABrieferHistoryofTime（2005）iseasierthanthebookABriefHistoryofTime：FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeHawking?A.Optimisticandgrateful.B.Unluckyandmiserable.C.Generousanddetermined.D.Humorousandacademic.○○

Ⅱ語法填空（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和語法規(guī)則完成短文）

On14March，2018，oneoftheworld’smostinfluentialscientists，StephenHawking，diedathishomeinEngland，1

（age）76.Hawkingwasfamous，notjustforhisbrilliantworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology，butalsoforovercomingthechallengesofALS.

StephenHawkingwasbornon8January，1942，inOxford.Hewasdiscoveredtohaveararedisease2

theageof21whenhewasstudyingattheUniversityofCambridgeand3_____________（expect）toliveforafewyears.Intheearlystagesofhiscareer，hisillnessgot4___________（bad），buthewasallowed5

（do）researchonlyratherthanteach，6

_____________waseasierforhim.Hefirstlosthisspeechbecauseofanoperationandthentheuseofhishands.

agedatwasexpectedworse

todowhich

AlthoughHawking’sphysicalabilities7

（decline）overdecades，heneverceasedhisstudiesandhedeveloped8

numberofnewideasaboutblackholes.Hewrotebooks.His1988book，ABriefHistoryofTime：FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles，soldwell.Butit’sdifficultforcommonpeopletounderstandsohedecidedtowriteasimplerversion.Hearguedinoneofhisbooksthatweshouldlookforadifferentwaytodiscoverthe9

（deep）secretsoftheuniverse.Healsoencouragedpeopletobecuriousabouttheuniverse.

Inspiteofhisdisease，Hawkingwasquiteoptimisticanddidn’tconsider10

（he）anunluckyman.declined

adeepesthimself

Languagepoints

題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法核心詞匯

教材原句p.58toovercomethechallengeof...克服……的挑戰(zhàn)

1overcomevt.克服（困難），控制（感情）；征服，戰(zhàn)勝搭配 overcomedifficulties/fear/shyness克服困難/恐懼/羞怯 overcometheenemy戰(zhàn)勝敵人【學法點撥】beovercomewith/by往往表示“被某種情緒所控制/制服”，表示人的一種情緒狀態(tài)。beovercomewithsorrow傷心欲絕beovercomewithjoy喜不自勝ThenightbeforethetestIwasovercomebyfearanddespair.考試的前一晚我被恐懼與絕望困擾著。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Shewasovercomewithgriefwhenherhusbanddied.她的丈夫去世時她悲痛欲絕。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］

單句語法填空（1）Althoughtherewerelotsofdifficulties

（overcome），sheneverletherproblemsdefeather.（2）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Eventoday，Iwould

（overcome）withsorrowwheneverIthinkofthedog.完成句子（3）Ithinkyou’dbetterreadsomebooksinChineseto

（克服困難）inunderstandingthelanguagebeforeyoucomehere.（4）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Activelygettinginvolvedinvarioussocialactivitiesisthebestwayto________________________（克服文化沖擊）.

toovercome

beovercome

overcomethetrouble/difficulty

overcomethecultureshock

教材原句p.59AlthoughHawking’sphysicalabilitiesdeclinedoverdecades，heneverceasedhisstudies...盡管在過去幾十年里霍金的身體機能不斷下降，但他從未停止過研究……2decline（1）vi.減少，降低搭配 declineto減少到…… declineby減少了……

Thepriceof14-inchTVsetsdeclinedfrom400yuanto320yuaneach.14英寸的電視機的價格每臺從400元降到了320元。Heisovercomewithdisappointmentbecauseofthefactthatthefundingfortechnologicalinnovationhasdeclinedby40%.他很失望，因為用于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的資金已經(jīng)減少了40%。（2）n.減少；下降；衰退 fall/gointodecline開始衰落搭配 onthedecline在下降 indecline在衰退中 arapid/sharp/gradualdecline迅速/急劇/逐漸下降

Thankfullythesmokingofcigarettesisonthedecline.令人高興的是吸煙的人正在減少。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ 單句語法填空（1）Atthattime，theeconomyofthecountryis

thedecline.完成句子（2）Accordingtoscientists，ourmentalabilities

（開始衰退）fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.（3）Asfarasweknow，theport

（開始衰落）inthe1990s.（4）Itisreportedthattheprofitdeclined

4.1%lastyear.（5）Thenumberofstaffhasdeclinedfrom217，000

114,000inthecompany.

on

begintodeclinefell/wentintodeclinebyto教材原句p.59Inspiteofhisdisease，Hawkingdidn’tconsiderhimselfanunluckyman.盡管霍金患有疾病，但他并不認為自己是個不幸的人。3inspiteof雖然；不顧；盡管……Weproceededwiththeworkinspiteofthecoldness.盡管天氣寒冷，我們還是繼續(xù)工作。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Inspiteofhisadvancedage，thebiologistisstillburiedinhisresearch.那位生物學家盡管年事已高，但仍埋頭于他的研究工作。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］TheartsofChinahavenotdeclinedinspiteoftheWesterninfluence.盡管受到西方的影響，中國的藝術(shù)并沒有衰落。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】（1）inspiteof=despite（2）regardlessof不顧；不加理會Despitethefactthatwemayfail，westilltrytoteamupwitheachotherefficiently.盡管我們可能會失敗，但我們?nèi)匀慌τ行У叵嗷ズ献?。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Hewentaheadanddidit，regardlessoftheconsequences.他說干就干，沒有考慮后果。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ 完成句子（1）

（盡管）hisoldage，hestillleadsanactivelife.（2）Hehasdecidedonthedateoftheopeningofhisowncompany_____________________________________（盡管事實是）thathisparentsdon’tagreewithhim.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（3）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Inspiteofourjointeffort，westillcan’tmakeagreatbreakthrough.→

ourjointeffort，westillcan’tmakeagreatbreakthrough.

Inspiteof/Despiteinspiteofthefact/despitethefactDespite重點句式Hawkingwasfamous，notjustforhisbrilliantworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology，butalsoforovercomingthechallengesofALS（adiseasethataectsmusclecontrol）.霍金不僅因在理論物理學和宇宙學方面的杰出研究而著名，而且因克服了肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥（一種影響肌肉控制的疾?。┑奶魬?zhàn)而令人敬佩。notjust...butalso...notjust...butalso...也作notonly...butalso...，意為“不但……，而且……”，連接并列成分，在本句中連接兩個并列的原因狀語。Thisisnotjust/onlyanhonourformyself，butalsorecognitionandencouragementforallscientistsinChina.這不僅是我個人的榮譽，也是對中國所有科學家的認可和鼓勵。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］

【歸納拓展】（1）notonly...butalso...連接兩個并列的主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式遵循“就近”原則。（2）notonly放在句首時，所在的句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但butalso后的句子不倒裝。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease，buttheyalsowantreducedworkinghours.護士們不僅想漲工資，而且還想減少工作時間。（3）AaswellasB“不但B，而且A”，該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與A保持一致。Theboy’sbrotheraswellashisparentsiswillingtodonatebloodtohim.不僅那個男孩的父母，而且他的弟弟也愿意給他獻血。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］

單句語法填空（1）NotonlyTombutalsohisparents

（be）invitedtheotherday.（2）NotonlyhisparentsbutalsoTom

（be）invitedtheotherday.完成句子（3）Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult，notonly__________________________________（節(jié)省了老師的精力），butstudentsalsobecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.（4）They

（不但撲滅了大火）butalsosavedpeoplewhowereindanger.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（5）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Heisnotonlyagiftedmusician，butalsoagreatspeakerwhocanalwaysgiveusstudentsencouragement.→Heisagiftedmusician

agreatspeakerwhocanalwaysgiveusstudentsencouragement.werewas

wasteachers’energysavednotonlyputoutthebigfire

aswellas

單元語法短語介詞短語介詞的作用相當于一個介詞，其后可接名詞、賓格代詞、動詞的-ing形式等。1連詞+介詞becauseof因為 asfor/to至于

butfor要不是2介詞+介詞alongwith隨著；和……一起

exceptfor除了3介詞+名詞+介詞bywayof通過……的方式

bymeansof通過withregardto就……而言；關(guān)于incaseof萬一inchargeof掌管inadditionto除了inhonourof為了表達對……的敬意inplaceof代替intermsof就……而言

inviewof鑒于infavourof支持

inmemoryof為紀念inspiteof盡管

onbehalfof代表infrontof在……前面

withreferenceto關(guān)于forfearof唯恐，以免 3常用動詞的搭配（1）have的常用搭配haveafight/aheadache/anargument/aconversation/anappointment打仗/頭痛/爭辯/交談/有約會havesomethingincommon有共同點Hehasnothingincommonwithhisbrother.他和他兄弟毫無共同之處。（2）break的常用搭配breakthenewstosomeone向某人泄露消息breakone’sheart傷某人的心breakapromise/record違背諾言/打破紀錄breaktherules/thelaw/ahabit/theice/aleg違規(guī)/違法/打破習慣/打破僵局/摔斷腿Hebroketherulesandwasblamedforit.他違反了規(guī)定，因此受到了責備。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ 形容詞/副詞+介詞regardlessof不管；不顧

dueto因為 owingto因為

previousto在……以前suchas例如

apartfrom除……之外（都）aheadof在……前面；領(lǐng)先于

insteadof代替nextto緊挨著

togetherwith和……一起accordingto根據(jù)；按照

closeto離……近 5介詞+the+名詞+介詞forthepurposeof為了……inthechargeof由……掌管attheexpenseof以……為代價atthemercyof任……處置；任由……擺布bythesideof在……附近；在……的旁邊bytheendof到……末為止underthecontrolof在……的控制下inthemiddleof在……中間withthehelpof在……的幫助下onthe