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UNIT2MakingadifferenceSectionBUsinglanguage核心詞匯教材原句p.17Since1953,UNICEFhastakenupanextendedmissiontohelpchildreninthedevelopingworld...自1953年以來,聯(lián)合國兒童基金會承擔(dān)了一項長期使命,幫助發(fā)展中國家的兒童……1takeup開始從事;開始擔(dān)當(dāng);對……產(chǎn)生興趣;占用,占據(jù)Haveyoueverthoughtoftakingupacting?你想過去當(dāng)演員嗎?TheministertookupofficeinDecember.這位部長是在12月份上任的。Theteachersuggestedthattheboyshouldtakeupthechallengebravely.老師建議這個男孩應(yīng)該勇敢地接受挑戰(zhàn)。Rogertookpaintingupforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.羅杰有段時間喜歡上了繪畫,但很快就又沒了興趣。Thepianotakesuptoomuchroom.這架鋼琴太占地方。題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法【歸納拓展】takeapart拆開,拆卸 takeback收回(前言);退回takedown寫下,記下 takein吸收;欺騙;收留;理解takeon呈現(xiàn);雇用;承擔(dān) takeover接管,接任takeoff(飛機)起飛;脫下(衣服);突然開始成功;休假【一言助記】SinceJacktookuptheworkasaneditor,hehastakenupeditingarticles,whichtakesupmostofhissparetime.Thoughhiswifehasalwayscomplainedaboutit,hestilltakestheworkup.自從杰克接受 了那份做編輯的工作以來,他便開始編輯文章,這占用了他的大部分業(yè)余時間。盡管他的妻子一直對此抱怨,但他仍然繼續(xù)他的工作。 寫出下列句中takeup的含義(1)Johntookuptennisinhischildhood.________________
(2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]TheheadteachertakesherdutiesupinAugust.______________
(3)Thebigdesktakesuptoomuchspace.______________
(4)I’lltrynottotakeupmuchofyourtime._______________
單句語法填空(5)Idon’twantthisbigcolourTVnow,forittakes
toomuchroom.(6)Don’tbetaken
byproductsclaimingtohelpyoutoloseweightinaweek.(7)Thereisstilltwohoursbeforeourplanetakes
,sotakeyourtime.(8)Youneedn’ttake
whateveryourteachersaysinclass.(9)Chinahastaken
anewlookinthepastfewyears.(10)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]I’msorrytohavemadeyouembarrassed.I’lltake
whatIsaid.對……產(chǎn)生興趣開始擔(dān)當(dāng)占據(jù)(空間)占用(時間)up
in
off
down
on
back
2extendv.持續(xù);延伸;擴大;延長extendaroad/house擴建公路/房子extendthedeadline延長最后期限Thecavesextendforsome18kilometres.那些洞穴深約18千米。Thehighwayshouldbeextended200kilometrestothattown.這條公路應(yīng)延長200千米到那座城鎮(zhèn)。Thebarhasrecentlyextendeditsopeninghours.這個酒吧最近延長了營業(yè)時間。【單詞積累】extensionn.擴大,延伸extensiveadj.廣闊的,廣大的 單句語法填空(1)Theterriblefirelastweekcaused
(extend)damage.(2)HefirstenteredBritainonasix-monthvisa,andwasgivenafurther
(extend)ofsixmonths.(3)Withtheroadofourvillage
(extend),itisconvenientforustotraveloutside.extensive
extensionextended
教材原句p.17...includingthoselivingwithdiseasesordisabilities,andthoseaffectedbyrapidmodernisationandenvironmentalproblems.……包括那些患有疾病或殘疾的兒童,以及那些受到快速現(xiàn)代化和環(huán)境問題影響的兒童。3disabilityn.殘疾,殘障peoplewithdisabilities=thedisabled殘疾人 aphysical/mentaldisability生理缺陷/心理障礙alearning/readingdisability學(xué)習(xí)/閱讀障礙Inmanywaysmydisabilityhashelpedmegrowstrongerpsychologicallyandbecomemoreindependent.在許多方面,我身體的殘疾倒使我心理上變得更加堅強、更加獨立。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]【單詞積累】ableadj.能的,有能力的→disablev.使殘疾,使喪失能力→disabledadj.殘疾的,無能力的→disabilityn.殘疾,殘障ableadj.能的,有能力的→unableadj.不能的,無能力的ableadj.能的,有能力的→enablev.使能夠 單句語法填空(1)Makingfunofthe
(disable)issomethingweshouldneverdo.(2)Thosewith
(disable)shouldbetreatedequally.(3)Idothinkhehasbothphysicalandmental
(disable).(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Onlyteamworkwill
(able)ustopullourweight.(5)Sincetheaccident,hehascommittedhimselftoraisingmoneyforpeoplewith____________
(disable).disabled
disabilities
disabilitiesenabledisabilities教材原句p.18He’ssensitiveandratherserious,whichsometimesmakeshimappeartobealittlebookish.他敏感而且相當(dāng)嚴(yán)肅,這有時使他顯得有點兒書生氣。4sensitiveadj.敏感的,容易生氣的;善解人意的;靈敏的搭配:besensitiveto對……敏感 besensitiveabout介意,在乎Itisobviousthatsheisverysensitivetowhatyousaid.很明顯,她對你說的話很敏感。Heisasensitiveandintelligentyoungman.他是一個善解人意、非常聰明的年輕人。ahighlysensitiveelectroniccamera一臺高度靈敏的電子攝像機【詞語辨析】sensitive與sensibleIhavetobeverycarefulwithwhatIsaybecauseshe’ssosensitive.我說話必須非常小心,因為她太敏感了。Ithinkthesensiblethingtodoistocallandaskfordirections.我覺得明智之舉是打個電話問好路。單句語法填空(1)Comparedwithhissister,Jerryisevenmoresensitive
emotionalandrelation-shipproblems.(2)Hewasverysensitive
hisscarandthoughteveryonewasstaringathim.(3)Theyhavesetupseveralhighly
(sense)electroniccamerasontheroad.選詞填空(sensible/sensitive)(4)Someplantsare
tolightandtheyprefershade.(5)Itwouldbe
totakeanumbrella.(6)Itis
tobuythemostup-to-dateversion.(7)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Don’tbeso
—Iwasn’tcriticisingyou.to
about
sensitive
sensitive
sensible
sensible
sensitive教材原句p.18She’susuallyveryshy,butshe’sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.她通常很害羞,但她很慷慨,幫助別人從不猶豫。5generousadj.慷慨的,大方的;寬宏大量的,仁慈的搭配:begeneroustosb.對某人慷慨 begenerouswithsth.在某方面大方;不吝嗇某物It’sgenerousofsb.todosth.某人做某事真是慷慨。Ihopeallofuscanbeasgenerousashimandelecttodonateblood.我希望我們大家都能像他一樣慷慨獻(xiàn)血。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Althoughhewasnotrich,hewasverygeneroustohisneedyfriends.他雖然不富有,但對貧困的朋友卻很慷慨。Jimisverygenerouswithhistime.吉姆很不吝惜他的時間。ItwasgenerousofthemtoaskAnnaalong.他們邀請安娜一起去,真是大方。agenerousmind寬闊的胸懷【單詞積累】generouslyadv.慷慨地,大方地
generosityn.慷慨,大方
meanadj.吝嗇的,小氣的單句語法填空(1)Thesevolunteersareverygenerous
theoldmen.(2)Thegraduateisverygenerous
histimeinhelpingothers.(3)Itisgenerousofyou
(lend)yourportablecomputertome.(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Thankyouforcontributing
(generous)tothescholarshipfund.(5)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Sheacceptedhisapologywithgreat
(generous).完成句子(6)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]
(你真慷慨)todonatesomuchmoneytotheProjectHope.
to
with
tolend
generously
generosity
It’sgenerousofyou6hesitatev.遲疑,猶豫搭配:hesitateabout/over對……猶豫 hesitatetodosth.(因有顧慮而)不愿意做某事don’thesitatetodosth.盡管做某事Shehesitatedslightlybeforeansweringthedetective’squestion.在回答警探的問題之前,她稍稍猶豫了一下。MymotherneverhesitatestotellmewhenIlookbad.如果我氣色不好,我母親總是毫不猶豫地告訴我。Whenyoucomeacrossanydifficulty,don’thesitatetoturntomeforhelp.當(dāng)你遇到困難時,盡管找我?guī)兔Α!締卧~積累】(1)hesitationn.猶豫,遲疑 withouthesitation毫不猶豫地havenohesitationindoingsth.非常愿意做某事IhavenohesitationinrecommendingMsShapurforthejob.我非常樂意推薦沙普爾女士做這項工作。(2)hesitantadj.猶豫的,躊躇的Youseemedabithesitantaboutrecommendingthatrestaurant—issomethingwrongwithit?你似乎不是很愿意推薦那家餐廳——它有什么問題嗎?單句語法填空(1)Wehopethatyouwillnothesitate
(make)usawareofanyshortcomingswhichyoumayfindinthisplan.(2)Whenseeingthedrowninggirlstrugglingintheriver,hejumpedintoittosaveherwithout
(hesitate).(3)Shegavemea
(hesitate)smile.完成句子(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]
(盡管求助于)AgonyAuntifyouhaveanydifficulty.(5)Ididn’t
foramoment
(毫不猶豫)takingthejob.tomake
hesitation
hesitant
Don’thesitatetoturnto
hesitateabout教材原句p.19InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.在中國,志愿者在環(huán)境保護、殘疾人救助及許多其他領(lǐng)域也正發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。7assistancen.幫助,援助搭配:cometoone’sassistance來幫助某人 withtheassistanceof在……的幫助下;借助于……CanIbeofanyassistance,madam?這位女士,我可以幫上什么忙嗎?Duringmysecretary’sabsence,shecametomyassistance.我的秘書不在時,她來幫助了我。Withtheassistanceofmyfriend,Igraduallyadjustedtothenewschool.在朋友的幫助下,我逐漸適應(yīng)了新學(xué)校。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]【單詞積累】assistv.幫助,協(xié)助
assistantn.助手assistsb.in/withsth.=assistsb.indoingsth.幫助某人做某事Youwillbeexpectedtoassisttheeditorwiththeselectionofillustrationsforthebook.希望你能幫助編輯為本書挑選插圖。單句語法填空(1)Withthe
(assist)ofthesocialmedia,wecangettheinformationweneedmorequickly.(2)Artificialintelligencehasbecomeabrilliant
(assist)inourdailywork.(3)Heoftenassistshismother
house-workwhenheisathome. (4)Whenhewasincollege,heoftenassistedhisprofessorin
(collect)thedataoftheexperiment.完成句子(5)Whenayoungmannoticedthatagirlcouldn’tgethercatoffthetree,he_____________________
(來幫她).(6)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]
(在……的幫助下)hisfriends,theproblemwasresolvedeventually.
assistance
assistant
with
collecting
cametoherassistance
Withtheassistanceof
教材原句p.19Areferencefromsomeonewhoknowsyouforconfirmation一份認(rèn)識你的人的推薦信以作證實8
confirmation
n.證實,證明;確認(rèn)函Therehasstillbeennoofficialconfirmationofthereport.這則報道仍未得到官方證實。Thereisnoformalconfirmationsofarthatheisatliberty.目前還沒有正式確認(rèn)他已經(jīng)獲得人身自由。Wewillsendyouwrittenconfirmationofouroffershortly.我們很快會給您寄去我們的書面報價確認(rèn)函?!締卧~積累】confirmv.證明,證實;確認(rèn) confirmthat...確認(rèn)……;證實…… 單句語法填空(1)I’mstillwaitingfor
(confirm)ofthetestresults.(2)Iamcalling
(confirm)myflighttoHangzhouat8o’clocktomorrow.(3)Flightsshould
(confirm)48hoursbeforedeparture.confirmation
toconfirm
beconfirmed重點句式教材原句p.17AsinthewordswhichwerespokenbyRyan,weneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.正如瑞安所說,我們不僅需要捐款,而且需要獲得新的想法。notonly...butalso...不但……而且……notonly...butalso...是并列連詞,連接兩個對等的成分,如主語、謂語、賓語、表語、狀語等,還可連接兩個分句。Notonlysomestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesthispainting.不僅是一些學(xué)生,老師也喜歡這幅畫。Onlythendidheknowthatsmokingwasnotonlyharmfultohimselfbutalsotoothers.直到那時他才知道,吸煙于人于己都有害?!緦W(xué)法點撥】(1)notonly...butalso...連接兩個主語時,強調(diào)的是后面的主語,謂語動詞應(yīng)和后面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,即遵循“就近原則”。謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”的結(jié)構(gòu)還有neither...nor...(既不……也不……),either...or...(要么……要么……),not...but...(不是……而是……)。(2)notonly...butalso...連接兩個分句且notonly位于句首時,notonly后的分句要用部分倒裝語序,但butalso后的分句不倒裝,即“前倒后不倒”。Notonlydidheturnuplate,buthealsoforgothisbooks.他不但遲到了,還忘了帶書。單句語法填空(1)Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher
(compete)inthesportseventatthemoment.(2)Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents
(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.(3)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]NotonlyyouandIbutalsoPeter,thetopstudentinourschool,_______
(be)unabletoresolvetheproblem.(4)Notonlymysisterbutalsomyparents
(like)thisTVplay.(5)Notonly
(do)thesungiveuslight,butitalsogivesusheat.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(6)MarynotonlyspeaksFrenchbutalsoknowshowtotype.→
,butshealsoknowshowtotype.iscompeting
is
is
likedoes
NotonlydoesMaryspeakFrench
單元語法過去分詞作定語1過去分詞作定語的概念及位置過去分詞作定語,相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞或代詞,它所修飾的名詞、代詞與之構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。單個的過去分詞作定語時,常放在被修飾詞之前;過去分詞短語作定語時,常放在被修飾詞之后。Herjobwastotakecareofthewoundedsoldier.她的工作就是照料這個受傷的士兵。Thecarstolenlastweekwaslaterfoundneartheriver.上周被盜的那輛汽車后來在河附近找到了?!緦W(xué)法點撥】(1)個別單個的過去分詞,如shown,adopted,left,given,involved,wanted,gained,concerned,provided等作定語時習(xí)慣后置。Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelopeprovided.填完表格并且簽名之后,請把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)送回。(2)過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時必須后置。Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardlyanythingleftinthehouse.吉姆賣了他的大部分東西。他沒剩什么在房子里了。單句語法填空(1)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy____________
(conduct)inAustraliain2012.(2)Theymightjusthaveaplace
(leave)onthewritingcourse.(3)Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras
(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.(4)Isthereanything
(plan)fortonight?完成句子(5)The
(尷尬的父親)stoodtheresayingnothing.(6)Theproblem
(會議上被提及的)needsconsidering.conducted
left
returned
planned
embarrassedfather
mentionedatthemeeting 2過去分詞作定語表示的意義及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,表示被動和完成。不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語沒有被動意義,只表示完成。Thereisanotepinnedtothedoorsayingwhentheshopwillopenagain.在門上釘著的那個便條的內(nèi)容是這家商店何時再開張。(表示被動、完成)Anoticewasputupinordertoremindthestudentsofthechangedlecturetime.張貼了一張通告,以提醒學(xué)生們講座時間的變化。(表示完成)boiledwater=waterthathasboiled開(過的)水thefallenleaves=theleavesthathavefallen落葉
【誤區(qū)警示】(1)某些表示人的情緒變化的動詞,如interest,bore,worry,frighten,surprise等,通常用系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示狀態(tài),其過去分詞大多已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,因此,作定語時表示的是狀態(tài)而不是被動含義,意為“感到……的”。Thefrightenedbabykeptcrying.受到驚嚇的嬰兒不停地哭泣。Fromhisdisappointedlook,Iknowhedidn’tpasstheexamination.從他的失望表情看,我知道他沒有通過考試。(2)這類動詞有兩種形容詞形式:-ing形式和-ed形式,要注意它們的區(qū)別。asurprisingresult一個令人吃驚的結(jié)果thesurprisedboy那個感到驚訝的男孩thedisappointingnews令人失望的消息
單句語法填空(1)They’dliketorenta
(furnish)house.(2)Thewashingmachines
(make)inourfactoryareofhighquality.(3)
(improve)railwaytransportisessentialforbusiness.(4)Hismotherisa
(retire)teacherandsheisverypatientwithchildren.(5)Thegardenerbegantopileup
(fall)leaves.(6)Therewasa
(satisfy)expressiononherface.Clearly,theemployeeleftagoodimpression
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