Unit1PeopleofAchievementUsingLanguage詞匯講解課件-高二英語人教版選擇性

physiology/?f?zi??l?d?i/n.生理學(xué)；生理機能-(o)logy=科學(xué)或研究的領(lǐng)域biology:生物學(xué)geology：地質(zhì)學(xué)sociology：社會學(xué)ecology：生態(tài)學(xué)biologist:生物學(xué)家geologist：地質(zhì)學(xué)家sociologist：社會學(xué)家ecologist：生態(tài)學(xué)家academy/??k?d?mi/n.（藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的）研究院；學(xué)會；?？圃盒＃ㄜ娛?，音樂等）；（美國的）私立學(xué)校CAS-ChineseAcademyofSciences中國科學(xué)院academicadj.

學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的/??k??dem?k/botanical/b??t?n?k(?)l/adj.

植物（學(xué)）的botany/?b?t?ni/n.[U]植物學(xué)property/?pr?p?ti/n.性質(zhì)，特征；[C

usuallypl.]

財產(chǎn)[U]pl.(-ies)Thisbuildingisgovernmentproperty.extract/?ekstr?kt/n.提取物；摘錄vt.提??；提煉；摘錄；（用力）拔出/?k?str?kt/extractionn.提取，提煉，開采oil/mineral/coalextraction

substance/?s?bst?ns/n.物質(zhì)；物品(c)；事實根據(jù)(u)achemical/radioactive

substance化學(xué)、放射性物質(zhì)banned/illegal

substances(=drugs)禁用、非法物品Itwasgossip,withoutsubstance.

這是造謠，沒有事實根據(jù)flee/fli?/v.迅速離開；逃跑fled,fledfleefrom=escapefrom...

從……逃跑circumstance

n.

[usuallypl.]條件；環(huán)境；狀況1.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.

Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.

記住，目標(biāo)是靈活的。它們可以根據(jù)情況而改變。2.IknowIcantrustthewomaninanycircumstances.

我知道我在任何情況下都能信任那個女人。3.Under/Innocircumstancesshouldyouevaluatehisscientificresearchinpublic.

你無論如何都不該當(dāng)眾評價他的科學(xué)研究。under/in

the

circumstances在此情況下under/in

no

circumstances決不;無論如何都不(位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝)if

circumstances

permit/allow如果情況允許circumstance/?s??k?mst?ns/n.條件；環(huán)境;狀況辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和environment都含有“環(huán)境”“狀況”之意?！?/p>

circumstance指“情況”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用復(fù)數(shù)，表明與某事件或某人有關(guān)的環(huán)境，情形，情況等，也可指“境況”“狀況”（尤指經(jīng)濟狀況）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”。Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.●environment指“生活環(huán)境”“周圍狀況（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影響生物體的生長，發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和。Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.單句語法填空/完成句子①

thecircumstanceshefeltunabletoacceptthejob.②Undernocircumstances

(be)anyoneallowedtousethetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.③Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertain

(circumstance).④

shouldyoungstersfollownegativeinformationonmassmediablindly.

在任何情況下，青少年都不應(yīng)盲目跟從大眾媒體上的負(fù)面信息。In/UnderiscircumstancesUnder/In

no

circumstancesnovelist/?n?v?l?st/n.小說家noveln.(長篇)小說novel+ist=小說家journalist：記者artist：畫家violinist：小提琴家capitalist：資本家scientist：科學(xué)家flow

/fl??/n.流；流動；流暢；供應(yīng)vi.流；流動flowthrough/into流經(jīng)、流進(jìn)gowiththeflow隨大流chart/t?ɑ?t/n.圖表vt.記錄；制定計劃Flowchart

流程圖Piechart餅圖LineChart線形圖found/fa?nd/vt.創(chuàng)建;建立;把……建立在foundern. 創(chuàng)辦者，發(fā)起者區(qū)分：find(found，found)發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到

found(founded,founded)

創(chuàng)建，建立establishfound

v.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在1.ThetownwasfoundedbyEnglishsettlersin1790.

這座城鎮(zhèn)是英格蘭移民于1790年建的。2.Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandrespect.

他們的婚姻建立在愛和尊重的基礎(chǔ)上。befoundedon/uponsth.建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上；建在某物之上foundation

n.

地基；基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)laya(firm/solid)foundationfor...為……打下(堅實的)基礎(chǔ)founder

n.創(chuàng)辦者，發(fā)起人單句語法填空/完成句子①TheTrinityCollegeLibraryisinIreland,which

(found)attheendofthe16thcenturybyQueenElizabethⅠ.②Theteacherfoundedhissystemoflanguageteaching

thebeliefthatspeakingshouldcomebeforereading.③Thebuildersarenowbeginningtolaythe

(found)forthenewschool.④HarvardUniversity,

1636,istheoldestuniversityintheUnitedStates.

創(chuàng)辦于1636年的哈佛大學(xué)是美國最古老的大學(xué)。was

foundedonfoundationfounded

ininfer/?n?f??(r)/v.

推斷；推定Whatcanweinferfromthetext?因infer意為“推斷”，必定是推斷文中沒有明說的，是要求考生根據(jù)文中已有信息再結(jié)合已有常識進(jìn)行適當(dāng)推斷得出作者沒有明說的言外之意或弦外之音。inferencen.推斷的結(jié)果

，

結(jié)論dependencedifferencediligenceconvenienceinnocenceabsenceconfidencepreferencereference

existence insistencedivergence(分歧）correspondence(相關(guān)，相似)politician

/?p?l??t??n/n.從政者;政治家;政客politicsn.政治（活動）political

adj.政治上的numerousadj.眾多的；許多的toonumeroustomention/list不勝枚舉makenumerousefforts付出巨大的努力theory /?θ??ri/n.理論;學(xué)說intheory理論上，從理論來說☆

theoretical

adj.

理論上的

←→

practicaladj.實際的/切實可行的☆

theoreticallyadv.

理論上/理論地

←→

practicallyadv.幾乎;實際上/事實上theoryofrelativity相對論relativeadj.相對的；相關(guān)的n.親戚berelativeto與……有關(guān)；相對于relativelyadv.比較而言；相對地

relativity

/?rel??t?v?ti/n.（物理）相對論；相對性genius/?d?i?ni?s/n.(pl:geniuses)天才;天資;天賦反義：idiot/??di?t/n.笨蛋，蠢材ageniusfor(doing)sth.

（做）某事的天才haveagift/talent/geniusfor…

begifted/talentedin…gentle

[?d?entl]:adj.溫柔的;文靜的gently:adv.溫柔地;文靜地gentleness n.溫和，和緩，寬大

(terriblecomfortablesimplegentle)溫柔的聲音/微笑/柔和的音樂/和風(fēng)agentlevoice/smile/music/breeze反義：rudeadj.粗魯?shù)膔udenessn.粗魯patent/?pe?t(?)nt//?p?t(?)nt/n.專利；專利證書；獲得專利adj.有專利的；受專利保護(hù)的v.獲得專利applyfor/obtainapatentpatentee專利獲得者

passionn.酷愛；激情withpassion充滿激情地befilledwith/befullofpassion充滿激情arouseone’spassion喚醒某人的激情haveapassionfor酷愛……他正在演講，飽含激情，還向我揮了揮手。(非謂語)Heisdeliveringaspeechwith/fullofpassion,wavingatme.extraordinary

/?k?str?:d?neri/adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的extra(額外的，超過)+ordinary(普通的，平凡的)extracurriculum

課外的，課余的單句語法填空/完成句子①Hehasapassion

Chineseliterature,whichdatesbacktohisyouth.②Oneshouldalwaysbefull

passioninhislifenomatterhowoldheis.③Heplayed

suchgreatpassionthatnoonecouldcomparewithhim.④Beinggoodatsomethingand

itarenotenough.

擅長某件事情并對它情有獨鐘是不夠的。forofwithhaving

a

passion

formaster n.碩士master’sdegree

碩士學(xué)位doctorn.博士doctorate n.博士學(xué)位(doctor’sdegree)bachelor n.學(xué)士bachelor’sdegree

學(xué)士學(xué)位undergraduate n.本科生postgraduate n.研究生doctoralstudent n.博士生doctorate/?d?kt?r?t/n.博士學(xué)位doctor’sdegree 博士學(xué)位bachelor’sdegree 學(xué)士學(xué)位master’sdegree 碩士學(xué)位in+專業(yè)/?b?t??l?(r)/gradually/?ɡr?d?u?li/adv.逐漸地，逐步地Over300years，itspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Recoverfromthediseaseisverygradually.cometopower

開始掌權(quán)，上臺執(zhí)政powern.影響力；權(quán)利；能力；電力

powerfuladj.有權(quán)勢的，強壯的poweredadj.電動的；由。。驅(qū)動的

windpowered由風(fēng)力驅(qū)動的powerlessadj.無權(quán)的；無能為力的powercut/failure停電withinone’spower在某人能力范圍內(nèi)beyond/outofone’spower某人力所不能及的beinpower掌權(quán)，執(zhí)政(表示狀態(tài)，可以和一段時間連用)havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力/權(quán)力powerfuladj.強有力的doall/everythinginone'spower盡力而為某事;竭盡全力做某事單句語法填空/完成句子①Iamsorry,butit’s

mypowertomakesuchadecision.②Thiskindofanimalshassome

(power)teeth.③Youcandependonitthatitis

hispower.Hecanhelpyou.④Shebelievesthatshehasthepower

(solve)theproblem.⑤SinceChairmanXi

,ourcountryhasbecomestronger.自習(xí)主席執(zhí)政后，我們國家變得更強大了。beyondpowerfulwithinto

solvecame

to

powerconsequencen.結(jié)果；后果sequence：一連串，一系列subsequence：后來，隨后consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的consequentlyadv. 因此，結(jié)果asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult結(jié)果；因此asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof=asaresultof作為……的結(jié)果單句語法填空①_____________(consequence),sheunderstooditandbecameinterestedintraditionalChineseculture.②ThewarmingoftheEarthandthe___________(consequence)climaticchangesaffectusall.【寫美】補全句子③_________________________________________________________,thematchwascancelled.由于昨天的大雨，比賽被取消了。單句語法填空/完成句子①Heslippedandhadhislegbroken.

aconsequence,hewillhavetobeawayfromschoolfortwoorthreemonths.②Finally,suggestionsonpolicywerereferredto

(consequence)conclusions.③Therainwasheavy,and

(consequent)theroadwasflooded.④Intoday’ssociety,manypeoplehavegotmentalillness

excessivepressurefromlifeorwork.在當(dāng)今社會，很多人因為生活或工作壓力過大而患上了精神疾病。Asconsequentconsequentlyas

a

consequence

ofinstitution/??nst??tju??(?)n/n.社會公共機構(gòu)；制度；習(xí)俗institute/??nst?tju?t/n.（教育、專業(yè)等）機構(gòu)；機構(gòu)建筑amentalinstitution精神病院aneducational/financial

institution教育、金融機構(gòu)theinstitutionofmarriage婚姻制度takeupaposition擔(dān)任;任職翻譯：他擔(dān)任班長一職搭配：outofposition 不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕nposition 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢肏etakesuptheposition

asthemonitor.takeupaposition

擔(dān)任；任職1.Hetookupapositionasaneditoraftergraduatingfromtheuniversity.

他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后從事編輯工作。2.WhendidyoutakeupJapaneseasasecondforeignlanguage?

你什么時間開始選修日語作為第二外語的?3.Theworktookupallhistime.

那項工作花費了他所有的時間。4.Icouldn’ttakeinhisstoryatall.

我一直也不理解他的故事。takeup拿起；接受；開始從事；繼續(xù)；占據(jù)(時間、空間等)takein收留(某人)；吸收；領(lǐng)會，理解；欺騙；包括takeoff(飛機等)起飛；脫下；成功，成名；(突然)離開；休假takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takeover接管寫出下列句子中takeup的含義/完成句子①Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Janetookupherjobasadoctorinthecountryside.

②Althoughbasketballtookupmostofmyfreetime,Ididn’tneglectmystudy. ③Henry,it’syourturn.Pleasetakeupthestoryfromwhereweleftoffbeforethecoffeebreak.④Peterwill

astheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.

彼得下個月底將擔(dān)任這家旅行社的負(fù)責(zé)人。⑤Someinsects

thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.

一些昆蟲呈現(xiàn)它周圍環(huán)境的顏色來保護(hù)自己。⑥Theplanewill

oncethefoghaslifted.

等霧一消散，飛機便起飛。開始從事占用(時間)繼續(xù)，接下去take

up

his

positiontake

ontake

off

peculiarity

/p??kju?li??r?ti/n.個性;特點;怪異的性質(zhì)peculiar /p??kju?li?(r)/ adj.奇怪的；特別的eccentric/oddencountervt.

偶然碰到;遇到n.

邂適;遭遇comeacross/runintoencounter

v.偶然碰到；遇到

n.邂逅；遭遇1.Althoughweencounteredsomanyproblemsinourwork,wenevergaveup.

盡管我們在工作中遇到如此多的問題，但我們從未放棄。2.Ihadabriefencounterwithanangryclient.

我和一個憤怒的客戶有過短暫的接觸。3.PerhapsIshallcomeacrossmyoldfriendinFrance.

也許我會在法國遇見我的老朋友。encounterproblems/difficulties遇到問題/困難encounteropposition/resistance遇到反對/抵抗achanceencounter偶然相遇acloseencounterwith...近距離接觸……h(huán)aveanencounterwith...與……相遇注：表示“偶然碰到，碰見”的短語還有:comeacross，runacross，runinto。單句語法填空/完成句子①WhenIfirstlearnedtowriteinEnglish,I

(encounter)manychallenges.②Wehadafrighteninglycloseencounter

ablackbear.③Iran

Johninthelibraryafterwork,andwehadalongconversationaboutHemingway.④WhenI

inEnglishlearning,myteacherwillexplainthempatiently,helpingmeovercomethedifficulties.

當(dāng)我在英語學(xué)習(xí)中遇到問題的時候，我的老師耐心地給我解答，幫助我克服困難。encounteredwithacross/intoencounter

problemsprofessor/pr??fes?(r)/n.教授profession：職業(yè)professional：專業(yè)的Hisprofessionisaprofessionalprofessor.mourn/m??n/vt.＆.vi.哀悼;憂傷mournsb.向某人致哀mournfor… 哀悼…；為…而憂傷

mournern.哀悼者mournfuladj.哀痛的，令人傷心的;悲傷的mournfullyadv.悲哀地，凄慘地remarkable/r??mɑ?k?bl/adv.非凡的;顯著的同義詞：outstanding，extraordinaryremarkable

adj.非凡的；顯著的1.Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isremarkableforitslongmagnificenthistory.北京是中國的首都，因其悠久而輝煌的歷史而著稱。2.Itisremarkablethatwomendidnothavethevoteuntilthattime.婦女直到那個時候才有選舉權(quán)，這很令人驚訝。3.Hemadeanumberofruderemarksaboutthefoodhere.關(guān)于這里的食物他做了許多無禮的評論。4.Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcaraccidentswereonthedecreaseduetotheforcefullaw.一家地方報紙評論說由于強有力的法律措施，車禍在減少。beremarkablefor以……著稱remarkably

adv.非常；極為；格外；出乎意料地remark

n.談?wù)?；言論；評述

v.

談?wù)摚辉u論；說起makearemark/remarkson/upon...對……發(fā)表意見remarkon/upon...談?wù)?評論……單句語法填空/完成句子①Sincethen,wehavemade

(remark)progressinmaths.②Thesemarketshavemuchincommon,buteachisalso

(remarkable)different.③Theeditor

(remark)thatthearticlewaswellwritten.④Don’tmakeruderemarks