2025版【外研版】英語《高中全程學(xué)習(xí)方略》Unit 6 Part 2　Using language

2025版【外研版】英語《高中全程學(xué)習(xí)方略》Unit6EarthfirstPart2Usinglanguage語法知識·精講點撥現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補足語(-ingand-edascomplement)【教材自主探究】分析以下課文句子并思考黑體詞語的形式。1.Weseeawomanswimmingatnightinadarksea.2.Itmadepeoplefrightenedofsharks,especiallyofthegreatwhiteshark.3.Benchleysawsharksbeingkilledandthiscausedadeepchangeinhim.探究:句11.現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式句22.過去分詞句33.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式【語法精要點撥】現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都是非謂語動詞,在句中除作狀語、定語、表語外,還可作補足語,對主語或賓語作進一步的補充說明。一、賓語補足語某些及物動詞不僅需要賓語,而且還要求某個詞或詞組來補充說明賓語,即表示賓語代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動作或所處的狀態(tài),這個詞或短語稱為賓語補足語。1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補足語時,賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語,賓語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。其主要用于以下兩類動詞后作賓語補足語:(1)位于感官動詞后,如see,watch,hear,feel,smell,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe等。*(2023·全國甲卷)Thefirsttimewestayedthere,weheardthechug-chug-chugofamotorbikemakingitswaydownthehilltowardus.我們第一次在那里停留時,我們聽到一輛摩托車的突突聲,它在沖下山向我們駛來。知識深一度①感官動詞see,watch,hear,observe,notice等后跟doing作賓語補足語時,表示動作正在進行;后跟do作賓語補足語時,表示動作的全過程。*Isawhimentertheshoppingmall.我看見他進了商場。*Isawhimenteringtheshoppingmall.我看見他正進入商場。②現(xiàn)在分詞(短語):doing表示正在進行的主動動作;beingdone表示正在進行的被動動作。*IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.*IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天我經(jīng)過她的房間時聽到她正在唱一首英文歌。(2)位于使役動詞后,如keep,have,get等。*(2024·浙江1月高考)Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.在選擇網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)之前,考慮一下你是不是一個有上進心的學(xué)習(xí)者,以及這些材料是否足夠有趣,足以讓你繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。2.過去分詞作賓語補足語過去分詞作賓語補足語說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),賓語與過去分詞之間為被動關(guān)系。能夠接過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞主要有兩類:一類是感官動詞,另一類是使役動詞。在高中階段學(xué)習(xí)的過去分詞作賓語補足語的情況通常有以下幾種:(1)用于表示某種狀態(tài)的動詞keep,leave等的賓語后面。*Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouchedbecausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.客人們沒有動大部分的菜,因為它們嘗起來不好吃。(2)“have/get+sth.+done”表示“使某事被做(讓別人做或主語自己做)”或“遭遇某種不幸”。*(2023·全國甲卷)Newresearchshowsthatmorethanhalfofpeopleareplanningtomakethemostofthelong,warmsummerdaystogetjobsdone.新的研究表明,超過一半的人計劃充分利用漫長而溫暖的夏日來完成工作。(3)在“make+賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞表示結(jié)果。*Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了嗓門以便讓別人聽到我的話。(4)常用在感官動詞watch,see,hear,notice,feel,find等的后面作賓語補足語。*(2022·全國甲卷)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguinslongingtosayhello.當(dāng)GinniBazlinton到達南極時,她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己受到了一群渴望打招呼的巴布亞企鵝的歡迎。(5)用在want,wish,like,expect,order等表示“希望、愿望、命令”的動詞的后面作賓語補足語。*Hedidn’twantsuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不想在會上討論這種問題。(6)少數(shù)不及物動詞,如go,change,fall等的過去分詞作賓語補足語時,僅表示動作完成。因此,賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。*Ifoundtheleavesfallentwodaysago.兩天前我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些葉子落下來了。3.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補足語with+sb*(2024·浙江1月高考)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions.在過去的兩年里,一些超市開始銷售雞肉或沙拉,它們的包裝設(shè)計成兩半,分成不同的部分。*(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.我們在重要位置的五家租賃店存放了2500多輛自行車,我們確保隨時為你提供自行車。*Withalotofworktodo,shewasn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有許多工作要做,她不被允許離開辦公室。即學(xué)活用Ⅰ.單句語法填空①(2023·浙江1月高考改編)Withgaspricesrising(rise),whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?②(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomethingdisturbinghappening(happen)aroundhishome.③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Iturnedtofindhimcoming(come)towardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.④He’sagoodwatchrepairerandcangettheclockgoing(go)again.⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)Then,withoneendofaropetied(tie)tohiswaistandtheotherendaroundthetrunkofatree,Ziyadbeganclimbing.Ⅱ.完成句子①Gigglinginstantlywithabroadsmilespreadingonhisface,hetoldmethathewasproudofmywonderfulperformance.

他馬上笑了笑,臉上洋溢著燦爛的笑容,告訴我他為我的精彩表演感到驕傲。②Itishisfamousphilosophyoflife—“Bethefirsttoworryaboutthetroublesacrosstheland,thelasttoenjoyuniversalhappiness.”thatmakesmemoved.

正是他著名的人生哲學(xué)“先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂?！笔刮疑钍芨袆?。二、主語補足語主語補足語,是對句子主語的補充,使得句子更加完整。如果原含有賓語補足語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動語態(tài),原賓語成為主語,那么原賓語補足語相應(yīng)地成為主語補足語。1.現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語時,主語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。*Hewasfoundlyingonthegroundwhenhiswifegothome.他的妻子到家時,發(fā)現(xiàn)他正躺在地上。2.過去分詞作主語補足語過去分詞作主語補足語時,主語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。*Mynewbicyclewasfoundstolenbysomeonelastnight.我的新自行車被發(fā)現(xiàn)昨天晚上被偷了。即學(xué)活用單句語法填空①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwanting(want)morenexttime.②Anyonewhoiscaughtcheating(cheat)willbeimmediatelydisqualifiedfromtheexam.③Hewasfoundexchanging(exchange)ideaswiththemanager.④Withmoreandmoreforestsdestroyed(destroy),wemusttakeactiontoprotectourearth.⑤Theoldcoupleareoftenfoundhelped(help)byvolunteers.⑥(2022·全國甲卷)Don’tgetcaughtmaking(make)anembarrassingmistakeatarestaurant.語法對接高考Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·聽力)Wecan’tkeephimwaiting(wait)outsideourhome.Wehavetohurry.2.(2023·浙江1月高考·閱讀理解B)Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeeling(feel)morediscouraged.3.(2024·浙江1月高考·閱讀理解B)Butitcancertainlykeepmeentertained(entertain)whileIwaitformywifetorescueme.Ⅱ.單句寫作1.(2024·浙江1月高考·讀后續(xù)寫)Andwitheachpassingday,theschool,muchlikethetrack,becamelessaplaceofanxietyandmoreaspaceoftriumph.

隨著時間的推移,學(xué)校就像賽道一樣,不再是一個焦慮的地方,而是一個勝利的空間。2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·讀后續(xù)寫)WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest.

當(dāng)我上中學(xué)的時候,我的社會研究老師讓我參加一個寫作比賽。3.(2023·浙江1月高考·讀后續(xù)寫)Handswaving,Idashedtowardsthebird,yellingtomakemyselfnoticed.

我揮舞著雙手,沖向那只鳥,大喊大叫,想引起注意。情境活動·能力應(yīng)用Activity1DealingwithglobalwarmingⅠ.話題詞匯1.globalwarming全球變暖2.reusableproducts 可重復(fù)使用產(chǎn)品3.solarenergy 太陽能4.windpower 風(fēng)能5.carbondioxide 二氧化碳6.greenhouseeffect 溫室效應(yīng)7.waterconservation 節(jié)約用水8.renewableenergy 可再生能源9.carbonfootprint 碳足跡10.reducewaste 減少浪費Ⅱ.話題情境根據(jù)情境和提示完成對話。1.A:Wouldyouliketotakepartinourafter-schoolactivity?B:Whatisitabout?A:Oh.Itisresearchon(1)howtodealwithglobalwarming(如何解決全球變暖).

B:Soundsgreat.I’dliketo.2.A:Hi,Tony.Whydon’tyoudrivetowork?B:BecauseIwantto(2)takesomeexercise(鍛煉身體)andhelpto(3)reducethecarbondioxideemission(減少二氧化碳排放)asmuchaspossible.

Activity2EnvironmentalproblemstobesolvedⅠ.情境句式1.Excuseme,butcanIjustask...?很抱歉,但是我能問……?2.CouldIjuststopyouagaintocheck...?我能再打斷你核實一下……嗎?3.DoyoumindifIaskanotherquestion?我再問個問題你介意嗎?4.IsitOKifIjumpinforasecond?我能插句話嗎?5.Sorry,Ihavemadeamistake.抱歉,我弄錯了。6.SorrytointerruptyoubutIwaswonderingwhether...很抱歉打斷你,但是我想知道是否……Ⅱ.教材聽力填空(聽音頻回答問題)Lecturer:Goodevening,everyone,andthankyouforcomingtotoday’stalk.I’mDrBrownandI’mgoingtotalkabout1.airpollutionincities—whatweallknowas“smog”.Pleasefeelfreetostopmeifyouhaveanyquestions.So,firstofall,abitofhistory.Theterm2.“smog”wasfirstusedinthe1800sincitiesthathadproblemswithsmokeandfog.

StudentA:Sorryforinterrupting,butIbelieveitwasinthe1900s.Lecturer:Sorry,I3.madeamistake.Youareright.Itwasinthe1900s.Thankyou.Londonwasoneofthecitieswheresmogcausedbigproblems.InDecember1952,it4.sufferedfrom“TheGreatSmog”.Itwasaverycoldwinter,soalotofcoalwasburnedathomeandinthefactories.Theproblemwasthattherewasnowind,sothicksmogcoveredthecity.Nowadays...

StudentB:Excuseme,butcanIjustask—didthesmogcauseanydeaths?Lecturer:I’mafraidso.Accordingtoresearch,about4,000peopleareknowntohavediedasaresultofthesmog,butthatnumbercouldbemuchhigher.Itwas5.terrible!Nowadays,smogstillexists,butisproducedbychemicalscomingfrom6.trafficandfactories.However,governmentsaretakingmeasurestoreducesmogasmuchaspossible.Now,let’slookatwhatsmogdoestoourhealth...

StudentA:IfIcouldjuststopyouagain...Canyougiveusexamplesofthesemeasures?Lecturer:Well,forexample,factoriesmust7.followrulesaboutwhatchemicalstheyuse.Insomecities,whenthere’ssmog,peoplehavetopaytodriveinthecentre.Now,let’smoveontotheimpactofsmogonourhealth...

Unit6EarthfirstPart3Developingideas必備知識·認(rèn)知導(dǎo)學(xué)Ⅰ.重點詞塊—速記1.droughtsandfloods旱澇2.reducesmog 減少煙霧3.greenhouseeffect 溫室效應(yīng)4.afloodwarning 洪水警報5.highlighttheimportantpassages突出重要的段落6.establishafreetradezone 建立自由貿(mào)易區(qū)7.damageyourhealth 損害你的健康8.affectthewatersupply 影響供水9.restorethenaturalenvironment 恢復(fù)自然環(huán)境10.sustainabledevelopment 可持續(xù)發(fā)展11.releaseaprisoner 釋放一個囚犯12.severebreathingproblems 嚴(yán)重的呼吸問題13.leakasmallamountofwater 漏少量的水14.removetheplug 拔掉插頭15.theaveragescore 平均分?jǐn)?shù)16.oceanlife 海洋生物17.everymemberofstaff 每位職員18.takepartinthecampaign 參加活動19.turnoffadevice 關(guān)掉設(shè)備Ⅱ.活用單詞—拓展1.devotev.致力,獻身,傾注→devotedadj.忠實的;深愛的→devotionn.熱愛;獻身;奉獻2.crueladj.殘忍的;殘酷的→crueltyn.殘忍,殘酷,殘暴3.presentv.出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)→presentationn.(觀點的)陳述,報告,說明4.renewv.更換,更新→renewableadj.(能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢復(fù)的5.reusev.再次使用,重復(fù)使用→reusableadj.可再度使用的,可多次使用的6.infectv.傳染,感染→infectionn.傳染病;感染7.permitvt.允許n.許可證→permissionn.允許,許可8.majoradj.主要的;多數(shù)的→majorityn.多數(shù),大多數(shù)(人或物)9.concernn.&v.關(guān)心,擔(dān)心;影響,涉及→concernedadj.焦急的,擔(dān)憂的10.contributev.促成,造成(某事發(fā)生);貢獻;捐獻→contributionn.貢獻11.urgev.敦促,竭力主張,強烈要求→urgentadj.緊急的,急迫的→urgencyn.迫切需要;緊急的事12.adoptv.采取(某種方法)→adoptedadj.收養(yǎng)的,領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的→adoptionn.采用,收養(yǎng)13.reducev.減少,降低→reductionn.減少14.electricityn.電→electricaladj.與電有關(guān)的Ⅲ.核心短語—互譯1.bescared/frightened/afraidof害怕……

2.haveaneffecton 對……有影響

3.mistake...for... 把……誤認(rèn)為……4.oaccount 把……考慮進去

5.breakdown 分解

6.turnoff 關(guān)閉

7.bedevotedto 致力于,獻身于

8.themajorityof... ……的大多數(shù)

9.takestepstodosth. 采取措施做某事

10.dependon 依靠,取決于

11.beinvolvedin 參與;被卷入12.carbonfootprint 碳足跡13.renewableenergy 可再生能源14.commonsense 常識15.theamountof ……的數(shù)量16.stand-bymode 待機模式17.remove...from... 把……從……移除18.takeashower 淋浴19.callonsb.todosth. 號召某人做某事20.urgesb.todosth. 敦促某人做某事Ⅳ.經(jīng)典句式—悟通1.Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown.(it作形式主語)

塑料需要幾百年的時間才能分解。2.However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.(as...as)

然而,制作紙袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍,水的消耗量多達塑料袋的三倍。3.Itistheproductionoffood,notitstransport,thatusesmostoftheenergyandproducesmostofthegreenhousegases.(強調(diào)句)

是食物的生產(chǎn)而不是食物的運輸耗費了大部分的能量,并產(chǎn)生了大部分的溫室氣體。4.Butit’sworthcheckingcommonideasandopinionstoseewhat’sreallygreen.(it’sworthdoingsth.)

但是值得核實一下普通的想法和意見,看看什么才是真正的環(huán)保之道。文本閱讀·語篇研析Task1宏觀建構(gòu)·把握文脈1.Skimthetextandfillintheblanks.2.What’sthemainideaofthetext?Themainideaofthetextisaboutwhat’sreallygreeninourdailylife.

【閱讀策略點撥】報刊社論(editorial)三兩事本文為報刊社論,介紹了生活中常見的關(guān)于環(huán)境保護的幾個認(rèn)識誤區(qū),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生借助語篇知識分析本文的語篇類型特點及段落邏輯關(guān)系,使學(xué)生能夠運用邏輯思維和批判性思維梳理和評判生活中常見的觀點。報刊社論是指報紙或雜志中對某一問題發(fā)表意見的文章,其特征如下:1.包括引言、正文和結(jié)論三部分;2.對問題,尤其是復(fù)雜問題的客觀解釋或?qū)ο喾匆庖姷姆瘩g;3.給出建設(shè)性的批評和解決辦法。本文就是這樣的結(jié)構(gòu),第一段為引言(introduction),四個副標(biāo)題及其內(nèi)容為正文(body),最后一段為結(jié)論(conclusion)。值得注意的是,每個副標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容的內(nèi)部邏輯也基本遵循“問題一解釋或反駁一結(jié)論或解決辦法”的模式。本文屬于“總一分一總”結(jié)構(gòu),且正文(body)部分有副標(biāo)題,是七選五題型的文章類型。副標(biāo)題是本文語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的一個特點,每個副標(biāo)題闡述人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械囊粋€誤區(qū)。副標(biāo)題的使用可以起到提綱挈領(lǐng)、條分縷析的作用,便于讀者把握文章重點。在邏輯方面,文章主要通過分析因果關(guān)系,針對人們的認(rèn)識誤區(qū),給出精準(zhǔn)的反駁評判。Task2微觀探究·細節(jié)理解Ⅰ.ReadPara.1carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphistointroducethetopic.

Ⅱ.ReadParas.2～7carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1.Whichofthefollowingisnotthedisadvantageofplasticbags?A.Causinglitter.B.Beingtreatedasfoodbywildanimals.C.Takingmuchmoretimetobreakdown.D.Usingmuchmoreenergytoproduce.2.Whatshouldyoudotosaveenergywhenleavingyourhome?A.Turnoffadevice.B.Unplugadevice.C.Removethedevicefromthehouse.D.Leavethedeviceon.3.Whydopeoplethinkeatinglocalfoodisbetterfortheenvironment?A.Becauseitcansavetheenergyusedtotransport.B.Becauseittastesbetterthanthefoodtransportedalongwayaway.C.Becauseitsproductionuseslessenergy.D.Becauseitproduceslessgreenhousegases.4.Accordingtothepassage,whenshouldyoutakeashower?A.Anytimeyoulike.B.Whenyourbathisquitelarge.C.Whenyouuseabout50litresofwater.D.Whenyouspendlessthan8minutesinashower.答案:1～4.DBADⅢ.ReadPara.8carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducesomenewwaystosaveenergy.B.Tocorrectthefalsegreentruthsandshowreallygreenones.C.Tocallonmorepeopletoprotecttheenvironment.D.Toexplaintheimportanceofenergysaving.答案:BTask3閱讀升華·拓展思維1.Whichofthe“greentruths”inthepassageamazesyoumost?Why?“Devicesinstand-bymodestillusepower”amazesmemost,becauseIhaveneverremovetheplugfromitspowerbefore.AndIdon’tthinkelectricitykeepsleakingevenwhenwe“turnoff”thedevicebeforereadingthearticle.

2.Whatthingscanyoudotobe“greener”indailylife?Takingpublictransportation,turningoffthetapafterusingthewater,avoidingdisposablecups,chopsticksandsoon.

Task4語篇總結(jié)·主題深化Mostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment,andthe1.majority(major)ofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.2.Butrecently,some“greentruths”havebeenshowntobeonlyhalftrue,oreven3.completely(complete)false.Manypeoplethinkpapershoppingbagsare4.better(good)thanplasticones.However,makingapaperbagusesmoreenergyandwaterthanmakingaplasticbag.Theprocessalso5.produces(produce)moregreenhousegases.Infact,bothkindsofbagsarebadfortheenvironment.So,takea6.reusable(reuse)bagwithyouwhenyougoshopping.Itseemslikecommonsense:eatinglocalfoodshouldbebetterfortheenvironment,becauseitdoesnotneedtobetransportedlongdistancesand7.kept(keep)coldduringtransport.Infact,itistheproductionoffood8.thatusesmostoftheenergyandproducesmostofthegreenhousegases.Localproducesometimesmighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthanproduce9.grown(grow)alongwayaway—eventakingintoaccountitstransport.Environmentalawarenessisnowpartofdailylife.Butit’sworthcheckingcommonideasandopinionstosee10.whatisreallygreen.Task5長句難句·釋疑解難1.Mostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment,andthemajorityofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.[句式分析]本句是一個and連接的并列句。第一個分句為復(fù)合句;第二個分句為簡單句,takestepstodosth.意為“采取措施做某事”,同義短語有takeaction/measurestodosth.。

[自主翻譯]我們大部分人都意識到要保護環(huán)境,也采取了各種措施節(jié)約能源,減少浪費和污染。2.Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown,butmuchlesstimeforpaper.[句式分析]本句是一個but連接的并列句。but前面的分句使用了句式“Ittakessometimetodosth.”,It是形式主語,真正的主語為后面的tobreakdown;but后面的句子是個省略句。

[自主翻譯]塑料需要數(shù)百年才能分解,而紙的降解時間要短得多。3.Thishappensbecauseelectricitycontinuestoleakfromthedevice,evenwhenitisturned“off”.[句式分析]本句為復(fù)合句。句子主干為Thishappens;because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句;when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

[自主翻譯]這是因為電器即使已經(jīng)被“關(guān)掉”了,卻依然有電流從電器中流失。核心考點·探究內(nèi)化1.devotev.致力,獻身,傾注(教材原句)Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevotedtooceanconservation.現(xiàn)在,她是一位致力于海洋保護的模特和表演藝術(shù)家。Bybeingdevotedhimselftowhathedoesnomatterhowboringitis,hesetsagoodexampletous.不管事情有多枯燥,他都會全身心地去做所做之事,為我們樹立了一個好榜樣?！揪赜洝?1)devoteoneself/one’slife/money/energyto(doing)...把自己/一生/金錢/精力奉獻給……(2)devoted adj.摯愛的;忠實的bedevotedto 忠實于,致力于(3)devotion n.深愛;忠誠;奉獻知識寬一度表示“專心于;致力于”的短語beabsorbed/engagedin,fix/concentrateone’sattentionon,belostin,focuson,concentrateon活用·練透單句語法填空①ThefirsttimeIheardofZhangGuimei,Iwasmovedbyherdevotion(devote)totheeducationintheruralareasofourcountry.②Hedevotedhimself(he)tohisresearch,makinghimoneofthemostoutstandingscientistsinthefield.③(應(yīng)用文之申請信)IfIamchosen,Iwilldevotemyselftobeing(be)aqualifiedvolunteerinthecampaigntoreducepollution.美句·鍛造一句多譯我曾致力于社區(qū)活動,并受到周圍的人們的贊揚。→Idevotedmyselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(devote)

→Iwasdevotedtocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(devoted)

→Devotingmyselftocommunityactivities,Iwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語升級)

→Devotedtocommunityactivities,Iwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用過去分詞短語作狀語升級)

2.permissionn.允許,許可(教材原句)Apoliteinterruptionisusuallyframedasarequestforpermissiontointerruptsomeone,oftenstartingwithIf...,MayI...?orCanI...?禮貌的打斷通常以請求允許打斷某人的形式表達,通常以“If...”“MayI...?”或者“CanI...?”開頭。It’sillegaltousesomeoneelse’simagewithoutpermission.未經(jīng)允許使用別人的肖像是違法的。Toprotectthewildanimals,peoplearenotpermittedtogainaccesstonaturalreservesatwill.為了保護野生動物,人們不允許隨意進入自然保護區(qū)?！揪赜洝?1)askforpermission請求允許with/withoutone’spermission 經(jīng)/未經(jīng)某人許可(2)permit v.允許,許可n.許可證permitdoing 允許做……permitsb.todosth. 允許某人做某事permito... 允許某人進入……weatherpermitting 天氣允許的話applyforapermit 申請許可證活用·練透單句語法填空①Inthelab,thestudentscan’ttouchelectricaldeviceswithouttheteacher’spermission(permit).②Wedon’tpermitreleasing(release)dangerouswasteintoriversandlakesbecauseitdoesdamagetowater.③Idoubtwhetherthedisabledboywillbepermittedtogo(go)hikingwithus.Ifhecan,thereisnodoubtthatwewillsparenoefforttohelphim.

美句·鍛造完成句子/一句多譯①如果你想把這些書帶走,必須得到圖書館管理員的許可。Ifyouwanttotakethesebooksaway,youmustaskforpermissionfromthelibraryassistant.

②(應(yīng)用文之通知)如果時間允許,會后我們將和演講者進行面對面的交談?！鶬ftimepermits,wewillhaveaface-to-facetalkwiththelecturerafterthemeeting.(permit)

→Timepermitting,wewillhaveaface-to-facetalkwiththelecturerafterthemeeting.(permitting)

3.contributev.促成,造成(某事發(fā)生);撰稿(應(yīng)用文之通知)Thisactivitydefinitelycontributestobuildingupourbodyandenrichesourschoollifeatthesametime.這項活動無疑有助于鍛煉我們的身體,同時豐富我們的學(xué)校生活。TraditionalChineseMedicine,whichisanessentialpartofChineseculture,hasmadegreatcontributionstothemedicaldevelopmentofChina.中醫(yī)是中國文化必不可少的一部分,為中國的醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻?！揪赜洝?1)contributeto有助于;促使;導(dǎo)致contribute...to... 向……捐獻/捐贈……(2)contribution n.貢獻;捐款makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)sth. 對(做)某事做出貢獻活用·練透單句語法填空①Theinventionofpaperisagreatcontribution(contribute)tohumancivilization.②Iamsureyoursuggestionwillcontributetosolving(solve)theproblem.③(2024·浙江1月高考)Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.美句·鍛造一句多譯范仲淹是宋代著名的文學(xué)家和政治家,因其對社會的巨大貢獻而受到人們的高度評價?！鶮nownasafamouswriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty,FanZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecausehecontributedgreatlytosociety.(contribute)

→KnownasafamouswriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty,FanZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecausehemadegreatcontributionstosociety.(contribution)

4.breakdown分解;(機器)出故障;身體垮掉;失敗(教材原句)Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown,butmuchlesstimeforpaper.塑料需要數(shù)百年才能分解,而紙的降解時間要短得多。(2024·九省聯(lián)考)IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.我在橫跨印第安納州前往肯塔基州回家的半路上,汽車拋錨了?！揪赜洝縝reakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi))爆發(fā);突然發(fā)生breakup 打碎;分裂,解體;結(jié)束;(關(guān)系等)破裂breakinto 破門而入;突然開始(笑、唱等)breakin 破門而入;打斷;插話breakthrough 突圍;突破breakoff 折斷;突然終止;斷開;中斷breakawayfrom 脫離活用·練透寫出黑體詞詞義/選詞填空(breakin/breakinto)①Thepeacetalksbrokedownwithnoagreementreached. (談判)失?、赮ouwillbreakdownifyoualwaysstayuplate. (身體)垮掉③Weweredownloadinglearningmaterialswhenourcomputerbrokedown. 出故障④Finally,asIpluckedupenoughcourage(鼓起足夠的勇氣)togoonstage,theaudiencebrokeintoloudapplause.

⑤Don’tbreakinwhenheistellinghisownstory.

美句·鍛造完成句子①因為承諾了五點之前我們會到那兒,所以當(dāng)車拋錨的時候,我非常慌張。Havingpromisedthatwewouldgettherebeforefive,Iwasseizedwithpanicwhenthecarbrokedown.

②我們做什么可以幫他們擺脫困境?Whatcanwedotohelpthembreakawayfromthedifficultposition?

5.倍數(shù)表達法(教材原句)However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.然而,制作紙袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍,水的消耗量多達塑料袋的三倍。句型解構(gòu)該句為簡單句,句中fourtimesasmuchenergyas和threetimestheamountof均為倍數(shù)表達法結(jié)構(gòu)。倍數(shù)的基本表達方式(1)倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as...這種結(jié)構(gòu)又常演變成下列兩類:①倍數(shù)+as+many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as;②倍數(shù)+as+much+不可數(shù)名詞+as(2)倍數(shù)+形容詞(或副詞)的比較級+than+其他(3)倍數(shù)+the+計量名詞+of+其他(4)倍數(shù)+what從句*Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.這座橋是那座橋的三倍長。*Theproductionisnowthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。活用·練透單句語法填空①Theengineerhasdevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyashedidbefore,sohebelievesheissuretosucceed.②Thepopulationnowinthisvillageisfivetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.③Thesecondlargestcontinentonearth,AfricaisalmostthreetimesthesizeofChina.④HismobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua’s,butitcosttwiceasmuchashis.美句·鍛造一句多譯從這個短視頻,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在我們新學(xué)校的面積是10年前的三倍大。→Fromthisshortvideo,youwillfindthatnowournewschoolisthreetimesaslargeaswhatitwastenyearsago.(倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.原級+as)

→Fromthisshortvideo,youwillfindthatnowournewschoolisthreetimeslargerthanwhatitwastenyearsago.(倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級+than)

→Fromthisshortvideo,youwillfindthatnowournewschoolisthreetimesthesizeofwhatitwastenyearsago.(倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of)

【要點拾遺】1.floodn.洪水,水災(zāi);大量vi.淹沒;大量涌入vt.使灌滿水;淹沒(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)Whensheheardthesadnews,hereyeswerefloodedwithtears.當(dāng)她聽到這個不幸的消息時,她的眼里充滿了淚水。(2023·全國甲卷)AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.問世界各地涌入黃石國家公園的游客,他們最希望看到什么,他們的答案往往是一樣的:灰熊?！揪赜洝?1)afloodof大批的,大量的(2)floodin/into 涌入flood...with 充滿befloodedwith 充滿活用·練透單句語法填空①Afloodoffearwelledupinhim.②Upondashingtowardsthefinishingline,heheardawaveofthunderousapplausefloodingin.③(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)Standingfrozenasice,neverhadIthoughtaboutbeingtrappedinsuchadilemmathatIwasflooded(flood)withoverwhelminghopelessnessandpanic.④Billionsofpeoplecontributedtotherecoveryoftheflood-hitareawithdonationsflooding(flood)intotheofficenow.美句·鍛造完成句子一種甜蜜的平靜像一種祝福一樣涌入我的心中,這讓我再次充滿了希望。Asweetpeacefloodedintomyheartlikeablessing,whichmademehopefulagain.

2.supplyn.(煤氣、電力、自來水等)供應(yīng)(系統(tǒng));供應(yīng)量;補給;(pl.)補給品v.供應(yīng);供給(教材原句)We’vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges,whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.我們還看到由這些變化引起的干旱和洪水,這些干旱和洪水影響了下游的水供應(yīng)。(應(yīng)用文之活動報道)Thispickingactivitysuppliedachancetous/uswithachancetofurtherunderstandthehardshipofthefarmers.這次采摘活動為我們提供了一個能更進一步理解農(nóng)民艱辛的機會?！揪赜洝?1)asupplyof……的供應(yīng)inshortsupply 供應(yīng)不足(2)supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb.給某人提供某物活用·練透單句語法填空①Don’tforgetthatcamelsneedalargesupplyofplantsgrowninthedeserttoeat.②Thefreshvegetablesareinshortsupplyonthemountaintop,whichhasanegativeinfluenceontheirlife.美句·鍛造一句多譯(應(yīng)用文之感謝信)我想對我在倫敦時你對我的盛情款待表示感謝?！鶬wouldliketoexpressmygratitudeforthehospitalityandkindnessthatyousupplytomewhenIwasinLondon.

→IwouldliketoexpressmygratitudeforthehospitalityandkindnessthatyousupplymewithwhenIwasinLondon.

3.adoptv.采取(某種方法);收養(yǎng)(教材原句)Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched,aswellasadoptingnew,sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.這包括保持原始環(huán)境不被影響,以及采用新的、可持續(xù)的飼養(yǎng)農(nóng)場動物的方法。(應(yīng)用文之建議信)Therefore,weshouldadoptitsgoodpointsandavoiditsshortcomings,beingasmartonlinelearner.因此,我們應(yīng)該采納它的優(yōu)點,避開它的缺點,做一個聰明的在線學(xué)習(xí)者?！揪赜洝?1)adoptone’ssuggestion/idea采納某人的建議/想法adoptsb.as... 收養(yǎng)某人為……(2)adopted adj.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的(3)adoption n.采用;收養(yǎng)知識寬一度adopt與adapt屬形近詞,在書寫時,注意區(qū)別,切莫混淆。adapt意為“使……適應(yīng);改寫,改編”?；钣谩ぞ毻竼尉湔Z法填空①Inmyview,amorescientificapproachtoestablishingmorewildlifereservesshouldbeadopted(adopt).

②Manyanimalwelfareorganizationsprovidecareandadoption(adopt)servicesforhomelessanimals.③MickeycreatedbyproduceranddirectorWaltDisneywasbasedonanadopted(adopt)petmouseandoriginallynamedMortimer.美句·鍛造完成句子①培訓(xùn)中采用了多種方法。Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.

②懷特先生是喬安娜夫人的養(yǎng)子。20年前他的父母去世時,喬安娜夫人收養(yǎng)了他。MrWhiteistheadoptedsonofMrsJoanna,whoadoptedhimwhenhisparentsdied20yearsago.

4.reducev.減少,降低Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的量,氣候也會持續(xù)變暖幾十年或幾個世紀(jì)。Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurroundingthemountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.當(dāng)他看到河中升起的薄霧和環(huán)繞山頂?shù)娜彳浀脑贫鋾r,他流下了淚水?！揪赜洝?1)reduce...to...把……降到/減少到……reduce...by... 把……降低/減少了……(2)bereducedto... 淪落為……,陷入某種狀態(tài)(3)reduction n.降低;減少活用·練透單句語法填空(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreduction(reduce)inerror.美句·鍛造完成句子①結(jié)果證明,僅僅是看綠色、生長中的東西就可以減少壓力、降低血壓,使人們有一個更好的心情。Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood.

②只有采取可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,我們才能保護這片美麗的森林不會淪落為沙漠。Onlybyadoptingsustainabledevelopmentstrategiescanweprotectthisbeautifulforestfrombeingreducedtoadesert.

5.majorityn.多數(shù),大多數(shù)(人或物)(教材原句)Mostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment,andthemajorityofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.我們大部分人都意識到要保護環(huán)境,而且我們大多數(shù)人采取了各種措施節(jié)約能源,減少浪費和污染。(2022·全國乙卷)Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.從世界各地的收藏中挑選,這是四十多年來他的作品首次舉辦大型展覽。(應(yīng)用文之詢問信)Inaddition,interestedinmath,Iwanttomajorinmathinuniversity.另外,(因為)對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣,在大學(xué)我想主修數(shù)學(xué)?！揪赜洝?1)a/themajorityof=mostof大多數(shù)themajority 大眾,大多數(shù)人beinthemajority 占多數(shù)(2)major adj.主要的n.主修科目v.主修majorin+專業(yè) 主修……專業(yè)活用·練透單句語法填空①Themajority(major)ofpeopletakeintoomuchfatandnotenoughfibre,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.②Havingconsultedmyteacher,ImadeupmymindtomajorinEnglish.③InthatcompanyIonceworked,womenworkersareinthemajority.美句·鍛造詞匯升級/句式升級①Generallyspeaking,ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert,mostofthemareovertheageoffifty.→Generallyspeaking,ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert,the/amajorityofthemareovertheageoffifty.

②(應(yīng)用文之申請信)AsagraduatewhomajorsintheEnglishlanguage,Ifeelconfidenttoapplyfortheposition.→AsagraduatemajoringintheEnglishlanguage,Ifeelconfidenttoapplyfortheposition.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語升級)

6.removev.移走,搬走,去掉(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge.約翰為自己設(shè)定的任務(wù)是清除一些污泥中的有害物質(zhì)?！揪赜洝縭emove...from...把……從……移開/拿開remove...to... 把……移到……removeone’sdoubts/fears 消除某人的疑慮/恐懼知識寬一度語境串記“remove”First,sheremovedherjacketandhungitoverthechair.Afterthat,sheremovedthedishesfromthetable.Thensheaskedherhusbandwhytheirsonwasremovedfromschool.她先把夾克衫脫下來掛在椅子上,之后她把盤子從桌子上收走。然后,她問她的丈夫為什么他們的兒子被學(xué)校開除?；钣谩ぞ毻笇懗龊隗w詞詞義①Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnotnotice. 拿走②Heremovedhiscoatwhenhearrivedhome. 脫掉③Theagreementremovesthelastseriousobstacletothesigningofthetreaty. 消除美句·鍛造完成句