京津魯瓊專用2025版高考英語二輪復習專題一閱讀理解第二部分第一講理解文中具體信息-細節(jié)理解題教案

PAGE1-其次部分題型應對策略|精通四種題型解題技巧，有的放矢多拿分第一講理解文中詳細信息——細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題是高考英語閱讀理解中特別重要的一種題型。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題題干針對原文的詳細敘述進行提問，主要考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細微環(huán)節(jié)、文章的主要事實或文中個別詞句的理解實力，一般包括查找信息題、數(shù)字計算題等。高考全國卷細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題題量統(tǒng)計考綱解讀年份卷別202420242024(1)文章細微環(huán)節(jié)對于理解全文內容來說至關重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎。(2)命題人員會要求考生依據不同的要求閱讀文章，以獲得某些特定的信息或精確地尋求所需的細微環(huán)節(jié)。(3)這類試題有時比較干脆，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，須要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右。全國卷Ⅰ677全國卷Ⅱ1095全國卷Ⅲ1096【考查特點】Ⅰ.把握細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題常見的命題方式：(1)特殊疑問句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。(2)填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關的事實和細微環(huán)節(jié)。(3)就文中數(shù)字、排序等提問。Ⅱ.駕馭細微環(huán)節(jié)細解題的考查角度：(1)高頻考點：干脆信息題；綜合細微環(huán)節(jié)題。(2)低頻考點：數(shù)字計算題；正誤推斷題；細微環(huán)節(jié)排序題。eq\a\vs4\al([考向1])干脆細微環(huán)節(jié)題——精準定位判細微環(huán)節(jié)干脆細微環(huán)節(jié)題即事實認定類細微環(huán)節(jié)題，該題型在原文中可干脆找到答案，不要求考生對事實做出說明或者推斷，只須要從閱讀材料中干脆獲得信息(有時須要跨段落查找細微環(huán)節(jié)信息)。正確選項和原文在表述上沒有太大的變更。常見的設問方式：◆Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...?◆Whatwillyou/thestudentsdoonTuesday/ontheCapitalCityBikeTour?◆WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?◆WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?◆Atwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh?◆WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames?[典例](2024·全國卷Ⅰ·A片段)JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15－18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社區(qū))．SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3，000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15－29,returningtoschoolinthefall.21．WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A．Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B．Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C．Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D．Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關鍵詞SummerCompany其次步依據關鍵詞定位信息句SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3，000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.第三步比對選項確定答案SummerCompany的特殊之處在于“它為經營新業(yè)務供應嘉獎”。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()第一步看題目，從題干中提取關鍵信息。其次步實行速讀技巧快速定位原文信息，細致比對選項和文中細微環(huán)節(jié)，進而確定答案。eq\a\vs4\al([考向2])綜合細微環(huán)節(jié)題——推理歸納定選項綜合細微環(huán)節(jié)題要求考生在原文中找到有關的信息，但同時須要將選項信息與原文句子進行語義上的轉換，例如運用同義詞、近義詞或反義詞表達相同的意思，這須要考生綜合考慮，把握出題人的考查意圖。常見的設問方式：◆Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?◆Whywas...asuccess?◆Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders?[典例](2024·全國卷Ⅱ·C片段)“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow？”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.29．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關鍵詞prefertogoout，lunch其次步依據關鍵詞定位信息句用prefertogoout和lunch尋讀，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找到Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.第三步比對選項確定答案依據信息句可知，Bechtel更喜愛出去吃午飯的緣由是想擁有自己的時間。自主解答：Ceq\a\vs4\al()第一步看題目，從題干中提取關鍵信息。其次步實行速讀技巧找尋原文信息，將題目信息與原文相關信息進行語義上的轉換，將確定的文章信息進行加工處理，進行進一步的辨別，進而確定答案。eq\a\vs4\al([考向3])數(shù)字計算題——“加減乘除”巧破解數(shù)字計算題要求考生在原文中找到相關的數(shù)字信息，再對相關的數(shù)字和信息進行分析和理解，利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算，確定答案。常見的設問方式：◆Howmuchshouldacouplewithakidpayavisit...?◆Howlongdoes...last?◆Howmuchmaytheypay...?[典例](2024·全國卷Ⅰ·C片段)Atpresent,theworldhasabout6，800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1，000;Africa2，400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3，200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6，000peopleatpresent?A．About6，800. B．About3，400.C．About2，400. D．About1，200.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關鍵詞lessthan6，000peopleatpresent其次步依據關鍵詞定位信息句Atpresent,theworldhasabout6，800languages.及Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6，000，whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.第三步整合推算運用數(shù)學公式計算由原文信息句可知，目前全球不同語言運用人數(shù)的中位數(shù)僅是6000，這就意味著世界上有一半語言的運用人數(shù)不到6000；結合Atpresent，theworldhasabout6，800languages.可知，目前大約3400種語言的運用人數(shù)不到6000。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()第一步細致分析題干，抓牢關鍵信息。其次步從文章中找出包含該信息的段落，運用數(shù)學公式計算。對于離散的數(shù)字計算題，須要先找到與之相關的事實或數(shù)據，然后再進行分析整合。(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【解題導語】本文介紹了一種用智能鍵盤進行身份識別的技術。28．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A．Toreducepressureonkeys.B．Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C．Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D．Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段的內容，尤其是其次句“Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.”可知，現(xiàn)有的生物識別技術價格昂貴。依據其次段的第一句“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.”可知，同樣能夠愛護私人電子空間的智能鍵盤成本較低，故選D。29．Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A．Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D．Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.C解析：推理推斷題。依據其次段的內容可知，智能鍵盤能夠精確地測量人們打字的節(jié)奏和力度，而打字模式因人而異，因此，智能鍵盤通過分析用戶的打字模式進行身份識別，故選C。30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B．It’llreachconsumerssoon.C．It’llbemadeofplastics.D．It’llhelpspeeduptyping.B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第四段的最終一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知，該探討團隊希望在不久的將來將智能鍵盤推向市場，故選B。31．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.D解析：文章出處題。本文是一篇科技類說明文，可能出自雜志。diary“日記”；guidebook“旅行指南”；novel“小說”；magazine“雜志”，故選D。eq\a\vs4\al()“兩關注”“一防范”巧解細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題1．兩關注：關注正確選項的特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語言(詞匯和結構)改頭換面，來表達相同的意思；二是對文章信息的綜合理解推斷歸納。2．一防范：防范干擾選項的逼真性，稍有不慎就會落入命題人設置的陷阱中。在做間接信息題時，要依據所找信息，分析選項，對比其中所用詞匯，避開誤選答案。必要時要對原文信息進行歸納，然后比對選項，進而選出正確答案。A(2024·河南部分重點中學階段性測試四)GreatAmericanSongContestContestRules&Entry：Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemi-pro(半職業(yè))songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版稅)donothavequalifications.Amateurandsemi-prosongwritersfromallnationsoftheworldareinvitedtoparticipateintheGreatAmericanSongContest.Songlyrics(歌詞)maybeinanylanguage.PleaseincludeanEnglishtranslation.Allparticipantswillbesentanentryconfirmationandajudgingschedulewhentheirsongsarereceivedandprocessed.Thisyear’sdeadlineisMarch5.Onlinesubmissionsmustbereceivedbythisdate.Mailedsubmissionsmustbepostmarked(蓋郵戳)bythisdate.Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.Ifthesamesongisenteredinmultiplecategories,eachrequiresaseparateentryfee.Prizes&Benefits：GrandPrizeWinnerreceives$1，000incash;eachFirstPrizeWinnerreceives$500incash.Inaddition,allwinnersreceiveafreemembershiptoTAXIIndependentA&RCompany—$300value!Unlikethosehighlycompetitive“bigcashprize”contests,whichreceive20，000to30，000entrieseachyearbutrewardonlyafew,theGreatAmericanSongContestoffersaclearbenefittoeveryonewhoenters.Songwriterscangettheirsongsheardandgetfeedbackfromknowledgeablemusic-industryprofessionals.That’sbecausetheGreatAmericanSongContestoffersthisopportunityanduniqueguarantee:Allparticipatingsongwritersreceivewrittenopinionsontheirsongsfromexperiencedmusic-industryprofessionals!【解題導語】本文是一則廣告。文章主要介紹GreatAmericanSongContest的規(guī)則、參賽費用和嘉獎。1．Whatcanweknowfromthecontestrules?A．SonglyricsmustbewritteninEnglishonly.B．Notallsongwriterscantakepartinthecontest.C．Allsubmissionsmustbereceivedbythedeadline.D．Notallparticipantswillreceiveajudgingschedule.B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段“Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemi-pro(半職業(yè))songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版稅)donothavequalifications.”可知，只有業(yè)余和半職業(yè)歌曲作者可以參賽，即并非全部歌曲作者都能參賽。故正確答案為B。2．Howmuchshouldasongwriterpayforhisthreeentries?A．$75. B．$80.C．$85. D．$90.C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據ContestRules&Entry部分倒數(shù)其次段“Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.”可知，三首參賽歌曲需付(30×2＋25＝)85美元。故正確答案為C。3．What’sanadvantageoftheGreatAmericanSongContest?A．Morecashforeveryprize.B．Quickerconfirmation.C．Alargernumberofentries.D．Writtencommentsonentries.D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據最終一段最終一句中的“Allparticipatingsongwritersreceivewrittenopinionsontheirsongsfromexperiencedmusic-industryprofessionals！”可知，每個參賽者的歌曲都可以得到有閱歷的音樂界專業(yè)人士的書面評價。故正確答案為D。[長難句分析]Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版稅)donothavequalifications.(ContestRules&Entry部分第一段其次句)分析：本句是一個主從復合句。who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞Songwriters。譯文：每年從歌曲出版版稅中賺取一萬美元以上的歌曲作者沒有參賽資格。B(2024·山西五地市高三聯(lián)考)Scientistshaverecreateda1985studyofbirdsinPeruthatshowsclimatechangeispushingthemfromtheirnaturalenvironment.Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.In2024,researcherslookedagainatthebirdpopulations.Theyfoundthatalmostallhadmovedtohigherplacesinthemountain.Almostallhaddecreasedinsize.And,thescientistssayatleasteightbirdgroupsthatstartedatthehigherelevations(高地)haddiedoutcompletely.Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.Orchangestofoodsourcesmayhaveforcedthemtogohigher.Thefindingswerepublishedinasciencejournal.The1985researchhasdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevationinreactiontowarmingtemperatures.MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.In2024,Fitzpatrick,directorandaco-writerofthestudypassedhisnotes,photosandotherrecordstoBenjaminFreeman.Freemanhasbeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.HesetoutinAugustandSeptemberof2024tocopyFitzpatrick’sstudy.Histeamusedthesamemethods,searchingthesameplacesinthesametimeofyear.Freeman’steamwantedtoseehowthingshadchangedforthebirdgroupssince1985.Theaveragetemperaturesonthemountainhadrisen0.42degreesCelsius.Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.Freemansaidthatthebirdsmovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.Hebelievesthattemperatureisthemaincauseofthebirds’movement.Fitzpatricknotedthatbirdsusedtolivinginareaswithlittletemperaturechangemaybeespeciallyatriskbecauseofclimatechange.Hesaid,“Weshouldexpectthatwhat’shappeningonthismountaintopishappeningmoregenerallyintheAndes,andothertropicalmountainranges.”【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。探討發(fā)覺，溫度上升會讓鳥類向海拔更高的地方遷徙，而這會導致鳥類的滅亡。4．HowmanykindsofbirdslivedinPeru30yearsago?A．Atleasteightbirdgroups.B．Morethan400.C．Overeightbirdgroups.D．Lessthan400.B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段其次句“Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多種鳥類生活在秘魯。故正確答案為B。5．Whydidthebirdsmoveupthemountain?A．Toavoidtemperaturechanges.B．Tofindmorefoodsources.C．Toadapttoextremetemperature.D．Toreacttotheincreaseofotherkindsofanimals.A解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據其次段第一句“Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.”可知，它們是為了避開溫度的變更。故正確答案為A。6．HowdidFreemanandhisteamrecordthesoundofbirdsnoteasilybeingseen?A．Theyhadthetemperaturerise0.42degreesCelsius.B．Theymovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.C．Theyplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountain.D．Theykeptonlisteningtothesoundhappeningonthismountaintop.C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第四段最終一句“Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.”可知，他們是通過在山上放置20個錄音設備來記錄那些不簡單被望見的鳥類的聲音的。故正確答案為C。7．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Twoteamsusedthesamemethodstodoresearches.B．Scientistsdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevation.C．Scientistshavebeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.D．RisingtemperaturecausessomebirdsinPerutobecomeextinct.D解析：主旨大意題。依據全文內容可知，本文主要介紹了一項探討成果，即溫度上升會讓鳥類向海拔更高的地方遷徙，而這會導致鳥類的滅亡。D項體現(xiàn)了這項探討的結果，概括了本文的主要內容。故正確答案為D。[長難句分析]MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.(其次段最終一句)分析：本句是一個復合句。abiologistatauniversity是MarkUrban的同位語；thisrecentstudywas...是省略了that的賓語從句，作said的賓語；risingtemperatures...canleadto...是that引導的賓語從句，作prove的賓語。譯文：MarkUrban，一所高校的生物學家，說最近這項探討首次證明，氣溫上升和為避開高溫而進行的遷徙可能會導致物種的滅亡。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題——干脆細微環(huán)節(jié)題(建議用時：25分鐘)A(2024·河北石家莊二中高三模擬考試)BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity—aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature—noteverystudentlikesbeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse—whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity’sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook”，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision—tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld’sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it’ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg,aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury’smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Facebook網站的創(chuàng)始人Zuckerberg創(chuàng)建網站的過程以及他努力克服所遇困難的故事。1．WhatcanweknowaboutMarkZuckerbergwhenhewasastudent?A．Hewasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreated.B．Hehadgoodacademicperformance.C．HealonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebook.D．Heencouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim.B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段其次句“Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.”可知，MarkZuckerberg在學生時期就有良好的學業(yè)表現(xiàn)。故B項正確。2.WhydidZuckerbergshutthesitedown?A．Becausehiswebsitewasnotpopular.B．Becausehewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographs.C．Becauseheneededtimetoreconsiderhischoice.D．BecausehestoleresourceonHarvardserver.B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段其次句“Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.”可知，他關閉該網站的第一個因素就是照片的非法運用。故B項正確。3．WhichwordscanbestdescribeZuckerberg?A．Easy-goingandsmart.B．Quietandshy.C．Talentedandoutgoing.D．Rebelliousandcreative.D解析：推理推斷題。依據其次段中的“Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity”可知，Zuckerberg是一個叛逆的學生，并且在學生時期就創(chuàng)建了網站。由此可推知，Zuckerberg是叛逆的和有創(chuàng)建性的。故D項正確。4．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．MarkZuckerbergandHisFacebookB．TheFoundationofFacebookC．ATalentfromHarvardUniversityD．TheDevelopmentofFacebookA解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了Zuckerberg在創(chuàng)建網站的過程中遇到的困難以及他努力克服所遇困難的過程，A項適合作本文的標題。故A項正確。[長難句分析]Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook”，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.(第四段第三句)分析：本句是一個主從復合句。Itwas...that構成強調句；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“TheFacebook”；其次個that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞apublicservice。譯文：就在那時，他和兩個摯友一起推出了“TheFacebook”。Facebook快速傳播到其他高校并發(fā)展成為一項公共服務。在美國，任何人都可以運用這一服務，無論是用來與摯友和家人聯(lián)系，還是玩嬉戲。B(2024·河南六市高三第一次聯(lián)考)Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there’salwaystheriskthatyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.ButthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepastthankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity(濕度)andlightsensors(傳感器)tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions,suchasrain,withinaperiodoftime,suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular,itmaycloseoneormorewindows,orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughit’sunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon,suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent,thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers,basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎最新的技術——天氣預報系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)運用了一整套氣壓、濕度和光線傳感器，幫助車輛預料大氣狀況的變更并加以適應。5．HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?A．Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.B．Vehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.C．Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.D．Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據其次段其次句“Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity(濕度)andlightsensors(傳感器)tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技術可以讓車輛像可移動的天氣預報站一樣，幫助車輛預料天氣狀況的變更并加以適應，從而造福于駕駛員。故選C。6．Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?A．Itcanhelpadjustthetemperature.B．Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays.C．Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces.D．Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段最終一句“Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采納新技術的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而變更。故選D。7．Whatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext?A．Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining.B．Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.C．Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately.D．Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據最終一段最終一句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.”可知，天氣預報系統(tǒng)會使無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更平安。故選D。8．Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A．Abookreview. B．Asciencereport.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelbrochure.B解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了捷豹路虎最新的技術，因此本文最可能出自科學報道。故選B。[長難句分析]Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there’salwaystheriskthatyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.(第一段第一句)分析：本句是一個主從復合句。while引導讓步狀語從句；you’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain是同位語從句，說明risk的內容。譯文：雖然天氣預報員可以做出相當精確的預料，但你還會有在雨中開車時會淋雨的風險。C(2024·昆明高三復習診斷)Who’rehappier,menorwomen?Researchshowsit’sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierisn’treallythathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.Women’shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years,accordingtorecentstatistics.Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwithmen.Gender(性別)differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences.Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness,warmthandfear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver,whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect,whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons(鏡像神經元)thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperiencetheworldfromotherpeople’sview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeepersadness.Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.Thissupportsthetheorythatwomen’shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen’s.【解題導語】本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面介紹了男性和女性在華蜜感上的差異。9．Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?A．Warmth. B．Depression.C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段最終一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect”可知，男性表現(xiàn)更多的是生氣、傲慢和無禮，故選D。10．Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?A．Psychologicalfactors. B．Biologicalfactors.C．Educationalfactors. D．Socialfactors.A解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據最終一段的內容可知，本段從心理方面介紹了男性和女性在處理和表達感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開地表露自己內心的情感。11．Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom________．A．asciencefiction B．aculturebrochureC．anurseryguide D．ahealthmagazineD解析：文章出處題。依據本文內容可知，本文主要從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在華蜜感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選D項。12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology.B．Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.C．Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.D．Women’shappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.B解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在華蜜感上的差異，故B項最符合文意。[長難句分析]Gender(性別)differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences.(其次段第三句)分析：本句是一個由and連接的并列句。thatbiological，psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences為that引導的賓語從句。譯文：抑郁癥的性別差異已得到充分證明，而且探討發(fā)覺，生理、心理和社會因素造成了這些差異。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題——綜合細微環(huán)節(jié)題(建議用時：25分鐘)A(2024·合肥高三其次次質量檢測)AsimpleprojecttohelpafamilyinneedstoppedLukeMickelsoninhistracks.In2012,heandhisfamilywereinspiredtobuildanddonateabunkbed,onebedontopoftheother,afterlearningtherewerelocalchildrenwhosleptonthefloor.Shockedtodiscoverhowwidespreadthisneedwasinhiscommunity,MickelsonfoundedSleepinHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed.BornandraisedinIdaho,Mickelson,now41,hadathrivingcareer.Hecoachedhiskids’sportsteamsandfishedinthenearbyriver.Butwhenhemetchildrenwhoweresleepingonthefloor,hispeacefullifechangedcourse.Usingsafetyguidelinesandhisdaughter’sbunkbedasamodel,Mickelsonstartedbuyingwoodandsuppliestobuildbedswithhisownmoney.Herecruitedfriendsandfamilymemberstohelparoundtheholidays.Asthewordspread,interestandinvolvementfromhisandothercommunitiesflooded—alongwithMickelson’sbunkbedoutput.“Thatfirstproject,webuilt11bunkbedsinmygarage，”hesaid.“Thenextyear,wedid15.Thenitdoubledeveryyear.In2024,webuilt612bunkbeds.”Withthemotto“Nokidsleepsonthefloorinourtown”，thenonprofitanditsmorethan65brancheshavebuiltanddeliveredmorethan1，500freebedstochildrenacrossAmerica.Butalongwiththerapidgrowth,Mickelsonwasfacedwithat