湖南省岳陽市高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)（一）英語試題

岳陽市屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)（一）英語本試卷共頁，滿分分，考試用時(shí)分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、考號(hào)和姓名填寫在答題卡指定位置?；卮疬x擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)的標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無效。考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，只交答題卡。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15答案是C。1.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Eatinthecanteen.B.Studyinthelibrary.C.Lookforhisstudentcard.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Inarestaurant.C.Overthephone.3.Howdoessound?A.Nervous.B.Guilty.C.Annoyed.4.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Cloudy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.5.Whenarethespeakersgettingtothecinema?A.At5:00p.m.B.At6:30a.m.C.At9:30p.m.第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第、7題。6.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?第1頁/共24頁A.Anewelectronicproduct.B.Theharmoflongscreentime.C.Thedisadvantagesofphysicalbooks.7.Whydoesthewomanwanttobuytheereader?A.Itcanprotecthereyes.B.Ithasalongbatterylife.C.Itiseasytocarryaround.聽第7段材料，回答第8至題。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Customerandwaitress.9.WhatdoesAmyprobablydo?A.Adesigner.B.Asalesperson.C.Achef.10.Howdidthewomanehere?A.Bybike.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.聽第8段材料，回答第至題。Whatistheman’smaintargetatpresent?A.trynewinstruments.B.gainsomeexperience.C.prepareaperformance.12.Whatisthewoman’sfavoritemusicalinstrumentnow?A.Theguitar.B.Theviolin.C.Thepiano.13.Whomwouldthespeakersturnto?A.uncle.B.Lily’suncle.C.Theirprofessor.聽第9段材料，回答第至題。14.WhatdidIvordoattheEuropeanMemoryChampionships?A.Hebroketworecords.B.Heintroducednewmemorytechniques.C.Hememorized360numbersinfiveminutes.15.WhatmadeIvorbeeinterestedinmemorytraining?A.Hismajor.B.Amemoryclub.C.Apetition.16.WhatdidIvorthinkofmemorytrainingatfirst?A.Intense.B.Challenging.C.Practical.17.Whatisthekeytobeingasuccessfulmemorypetitor?A.HavingahighIQ.B.Doingformaltraining.C.Choosingtherighttechnique.聽第段材料，回答第至題。第2頁/共24頁18.WhenistheUnitedNationsChineseLanguageDay?A.OnApril12th.B.OnApril20th.C.OnApril27th.19.WhatdidtheparticipantsshareinthefirstChineseLanguageFestival?A.WhytheylearnChinese.B.WhentheylearnChinese.C.WheretheylearnChinese.20.WhyistheChinesecharacterfor“tea”mentioned?A.explainChineseisinteresting.B.proveChineseisdifficulttolearn.C.demonstrateimaginationhelpsChineselearning.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APlayingsocialgamesisanexcellentwaytostayoccupiedduringwinter.Readonaswelookatsomeofourfavouritesocialgames.Millionsofpeopledevelopedapassionforslotsduringtheiryoungage,whichoftenstayswiththemintoadulthood.Operatorshundredsofdifferenttitlestosuiteverybudgetlevel,makingthemagreatwaytospendyoursocialtime.BingowasamainsocialactivityfortheworkingclassintheUKafterIIandremainspopulartoday.Landbasedvenuesstillhostgamesregularly,althoughmostplayersfavormodernbingositeswheretheycaninteractwithothersviaattachedchatrooms.Itcanalsobeplayed‘live’withfriendsandfamilyathome,andevenincorporateawintertheme.WhiletheInternetmakesiteasytoaccesspokergames,wepreferorganisinga‘pokernight’athomewithfriendsandfamily.cansetupagamethatcostsjustafewpounds.Asinglegamewithfiveorsixplayerscantaketwoorthreehours,makingittheperfectplatformtobuildasocialgettogether.Playersarerequiredtobuildwordsusinglettertilesonagameboard.Letterscanbepiledontopofothersalreadyontheboardtocreatenewwords.Thehigherthepileofletters,themorepointsarescored,whichtypicallymakeswordsbuiltlaterinthegamemorevaluable.第3頁/共24頁1.Whichactivitymightrecallmemoriesofthechildhood?A.Slots.B.Bingo.C.Poker.D.Upwords.2.WhatdoBingoandPokerhaveinmon?A.Theybothsuiteverybudgetlevel.B.Theycanbebothplayedonlineandoffline.C.Theycanbothbebinedwithawintertheme.D.TheybothoriginatedintheUKduringII.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.persuadepeopletostayoccupiedinwinter.B.introducedifferentcreativetypesofwintersports.C.remendsomepopularsocialgamesforwinter.D.parethedifferencesbetweenvarioussocialgames.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要討論了冬季時(shí)人們可以玩的幾種社交游戲?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)中的“Millionsofpeopledevelopedapassionforslotsduringtheiryoungage,whichoftenstayswiththemintoadulthood.(數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人在年輕時(shí)就對(duì)老虎機(jī)產(chǎn)生了熱情，這種熱情往往會(huì)伴隨他們到成年。)”可知很多人年輕時(shí)就開始喜歡老虎機(jī)（slotsA。【2題詳解】中的“Landbasedvenuesstillhostgamesregularly,althoughmostplayersfavormodernbingositeswheretheycaninteractwithothersviaattachedchatrooms.(玩家更喜歡現(xiàn)代的bingo)”和中的“WhiletheInternetmakesiteasytoaccesspokergames,wepreferorganisinga‘pokernight’athomewithfriendsandfamily.(雖然互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使人們很容易接觸到poker游戲，但我們更喜歡在家里和朋友和家人一起組織一個(gè)“poker之夜”。)”可知兩種游戲的共同點(diǎn)就是都可以網(wǎng)上玩或者是線下玩，故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Playingsocialgamesisanexcellentwaytostayoccupiedduringwinter.Readonaswelookatsomeofourfavouritesocialgames.(玩社交游戲是冬季消遣的好方法。讓我們來看看一些我們最喜歡的社交游戲。)”以及下文游戲的介紹可推斷作者寫作的目的就是推薦一些冬季流行的社交游戲。故選C。第4頁/共24頁B“DoitJumpuponthatboxnow,”SabrinaReiswig,thecoachyells.Bannon,14,bornwithoutarms,givesitatry.Heesupshorttryingtojumpontothe20inchplatform.“Onthebox,”Reiswigyells.“Doitagain.”Hemissesagain,butrefusestoquit.ThisisNubAbility,anorganizationmittedtoinstructingandmotivatingyoungamputee(被截肢者)athleteslikeThecampgetsitsinspirationfromitscoaches,whoarealsoamputees.CoachSabrinaReiswig,whohasbeenanamputeesinceshewas8,showsnomercytoatthismoment.“Hewaspacing,”Reiswigsaid.“Hewasupset.Hewaskindoffrustratedwithhimself.”Eventually,sticksthelanding.HefallsintoReiswig’sarmandbeginstocry.Thatmomenthasgainedmorethan4millionviewsonandmorethan500,000likesonInstagram.“‘Can’t’isnotallowedatourcamp,”saidfounderandcoachSamKuhnert,whowasbornwithouthislefthand.Boxjumpsaretypicallyperformedbyswingingbotharmsforwardwithstrengthtowardthebox.armswasessentiallyjumpingwithoutmomentum,whichismuchmorechallenging.It’salsoriskier,ashewouldn’thavebeenabletobreakapotentialfall.havethosearmstocatchus,tokeepourfacefromhitting,”Kuhnertsaid.“Ofcourse,hehasthosecoachestheretocatchhimifheneededto,buthe’sessentiallyriskinginjuryeachtimeheattemptstojumpuponthatbox.”Kuhnertsaysthisresilience(復(fù)原力)representsthecultureatNubAbility.notasupportgroup,”hesaid.notagroupthat’sgoingtoreachdownahandtohelpakidup.goingtoteachthekidswhattheyneedtopickthemselvesup.”4.WhatisNubAbilityaimedtodoforyoungamputeeathletes?A.Runcampsforthemtorecover.B.Attractpublicattentiontothem.C.Provideemotionalsupportforthem.D.themtofacechallengesheadon.5.WhatdoweknowaboutthecoachesofNubAbility?A.Theytreatyoungamputeeathletesbadly.B.Theyputgreatpressureonyoungamputeeathletes.C.Theyarealwaysreadytofortyoungamputeeathletes.D.Theydiscouragenegativeselftalkamongyoungamputeeathletes.第5頁/共24頁6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph8mean?A.Faith.B.Force.C.Courage.D.Balance.7Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BeyondLimits:TheInspiringJourneyatNubAbilityCamp.B.EmbracingChallenges:TheImpactofAdaptiveSportsC.PursuingExcellence:TheChallengingJourneyofAmputeeCoaches.D.NoExcusesAllowed:TheHardshipofAmputeeAthleticDevelopment.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了NubAbility組織訓(xùn)練年輕截肢運(yùn)動(dòng)員面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段中“ThisisNubAbility,anorganizationmittedtoinstructingandmotivatingyoungamputee(被截肢者)athleteslike(這里是NubAbility肢運(yùn)動(dòng)員的組織)”可知，NubAbility旨在為年輕截肢運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的訓(xùn)練。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第七段中““‘Can’t’isnotallowedatourcamp,”saidfounderandcoachSamKuhnert,whowasbornwithouthislefthand.(SamKuhnert說，他天生沒有左手)”可知，在這個(gè)組織里不允許說“不能”這樣的消極話語。即NubAbility的教練們不鼓勵(lì)年輕截肢運(yùn)動(dòng)員有消極的自我對(duì)話。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第八段中“Boxjumpsaretypicallyperformedbyswingingbotharmsforwardwithstrengthtowardthebox.arms,wasessentiallyjumpingwithoutmomentum,whichismuchmorechallenging.(跳箱運(yùn)動(dòng)通常是通過雙臂用力向前擺動(dòng)，朝向箱子跳躍來完成的。沒有雙臂，蒂姆基本上是在沒有momentum的情況下跳躍，這更具挑戰(zhàn)性)”可知，跳箱子通常是通過用力將雙臂向前擺動(dòng)來完成的，momentumForce“力量”意思相符。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第五段中“ThisisNubAbility,anorganizationmittedtoinstructingandmotivatingyoungamputee(被截肢者)athleteslike(這里是NubAbility第6頁/共24頁這樣的年輕截肢運(yùn)動(dòng)員的組織)”可知，文章主要講述了NubAbility組織通過嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練幫助年輕截肢運(yùn)動(dòng)員面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的故事，強(qiáng)調(diào)了他們的勇氣和努力。A項(xiàng)“BeyondLimits:TheInspiringJourneyatNubAbilityCamp(超越極限：NubAbility訓(xùn)練營(yíng)的鼓舞人心的旅程)”符合題意，是最合適的標(biāo)題。故選A。CScientistshavelongknownthatplantsreacttotheirenvironmentinallsortsofways.Forexample,theygrowtowardsunlightandreleasechemicalstofightinsectsthatwanttoeatthem.Notallscientistsarefortablecallingthoseabilities“awareness,”awordmanypeopleusetodescribeonlyhumansandanimals.ButforGagliano,anevolutionarybiologistattheUniversityofAustralia,it’sobvious.“Plantsarerespondingtotheenvironmentandtheinformationthattheenvironmentisprovidingthem,”shesays.“That’sawareness.”Thechallengeforscientistslikeheristoproveit.SoGaglianocreatedanexperiment.Sheattachedpottedmimosa(含羞草)plantstoametalrailanddroppedthem,lettingthemquicklyslidedownsixinches.Atfirst,allthemimosaplantsclosedtheirleaveswhentheyfell.ButonceGaglianohaddroppedthemseveraltimes,theygotusedtoitandstartedtokeeptheirleavesopenduringthefall.ThenGaglianoleftthemimosaplantsaloneforalmostamonth.Whenshecamebackanddroppedthemagain,theystilldidn’tclosetheirleaves.Gagliano’sworkshowedmimosaplantscouldnotonlylearnfrompastexperiences,buttheycouldalsorememberthemforalongtime.Morerecently,Gaglianogavepeaplantsachancetoshine.Plantsmaketheirfoodoutofsunlight,sotheygrowtowardlightsources.EverytimeGaglianoshinedalightsourceatherpeaplants,shealsopointedafanatthem.Thebreezecamefromthesamedirectionasthelight.Afterthreedaysoftraining,shetookawaythelightsourceandjustpointedafanattheplants.Sureenough,mostofthepeaplantsgrewtowardthebreeze.Theyhadlearnedtoassociateitwithlight.“Thatwasprettyamazing.Itshowsarealchoice,arealdecision,”shesays.Gaglianohopesherexperimentswillinspireotherscientiststogiveplantsmorecredit.“Humanshaveatendencytolookatourperspectiveastheonlyavailableone,andtheonlyworthwhileone,”shesays.Herexperimentshelprevealhowmuchwehumanshaveoverlooked,justbecausewedidn’tknowhowtoseewhatplantswerereallyupto.8.Whichofthefollowingcanberegardedas“awareness”ofplantsaccordingtoGagliano?A.Plantseatinsectsforfood.B.Plants’leavesproduceoxygen.C.Plants’rootsgrowtowardwatersource.D.Plantsreleasechemicalstoattractinsects.第7頁/共24頁9.WhydidGaglianodropthemimosaplantsseveraltimesinherfirstexperiment?A.helpthemtogrowbetter.B.testwhethertheyhavememories.C.seeiftheycanclosetheirleaves.D.createachallengingenvironmentforthem.10.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutpeaplantsfromparagraph3?A.Theyshinewithsunlight.B.Theyaresensitivetochanges.C.Theygrowtowardsbreezenaturally.D.Theyrespondtotheenvironmentwell.WhatdoesGaglianomeaninthelastparagraph?A.Plantbehaviorsaretooplextounderstand.B.Plantsshouldbetreatedlikehumansandanimals.C.Plantsmayhavemorepotentialthanhumansthought.D.Humanshaveauniqueperspectiveinthestudyofplants.【答案】8.C9.B10.DC【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家Gagliano通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明植物具有“意識(shí)”和反應(yīng)能力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中““Plantsarerespondingtotheenvironmentandtheinformationthattheenvironmentisprovidingthem,”shesays.“That’sawareness.”(“植物正在對(duì)環(huán)境以及環(huán)境提供給它們的信息)”可知，Gagliano認(rèn)為植物對(duì)環(huán)境及其提供的信息作出反應(yīng)就是“意識(shí)”。因此，植物朝向水源生長(zhǎng)可以被視為植物的“意識(shí)”。故選C。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Thechallengeforscientistslikeheristoproveit.SoGaglianocreatedanexperiment.Sheattachedpottedmimosa(含羞草)plantstoametalrailanddroppedthem,lettingthemquicklyslidedownsixinches.Atfirst,allthemimosaplantsclosedtheirleaveswhentheyfell.ButonceGaglianohaddroppedthemseveraltimes,theygotusedtoitandstartedtokeeptheirleavesopenduringthefall.ThenGaglianoleftthemimosaplantsaloneforalmostamonth.Whenshecamebackanddroppedthemagain,theystilldidn’tclosetheirleaves.Gagliano’sworkshowedmimosaplantscouldnotonlylearnfrompastexperiences,butthey第8頁/共24頁couldalsorememberthemforalongtime.(像她這樣的科學(xué)家面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是如何證明這一點(diǎn)。于是，Gagliano設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。她將盆栽的含羞草植物綁在金屬軌道上，然后讓它們迅速滑落六英寸。起初，當(dāng)含羞草植物落下時(shí)，它們的葉子都會(huì)閉合。但Gagliano多次讓它們落下后，它們就習(xí)慣了，在落下時(shí)開始保持葉子張開。然后，Gagliano讓含羞草植物獨(dú)自放置了近一個(gè)月。當(dāng)她回來再次讓它們落下時(shí)，它們的葉子仍然沒有閉合。Gagliano的研究表明，含羞草植物不僅能夠從過去的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí)，而且還能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間記住這些經(jīng)歷)”可推知，Gagliano在第一次實(shí)驗(yàn)中多次讓含羞草植物掉落是為了測(cè)試它們是否有記憶能力。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Afterthreedaysoftraining,shetookawaythelightsourceandjustpointedafanattheplants.Sureenough,mostofthepeaplantsgrewtowardthebreeze.Theyhadlearnedtoassociateitwithlight.(長(zhǎng)。它們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了將微風(fēng)與光線聯(lián)系起來)”可知，豌豆植物在經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練后學(xué)會(huì)了將風(fēng)與光聯(lián)系起來，說明它們對(duì)環(huán)境有很好的反應(yīng)能力。故選D?！绢}詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Gaglianohopesherexperimentswillinspireotherscientiststogiveplantsmorecredit.“Humanshaveatendencytolookatourperspectiveastheonlyavailableone,andtheonlyworthwhileone,”shesays.Herexperimentshelprevealhowmuchwehumanshaveoverlooked,justbecausewedidn’tknowhowtoseewhatplantswerereallyupto.(Gagliano不知道如何觀察植物的真實(shí)行為而忽略了多少東西)”可知，Gagliano希望她的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)軌蚣?lì)其他科學(xué)家更加重視植物，她的實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示了人類因?yàn)椴恢廊绾斡^察而忽略了很多植物的潛能。因此，她認(rèn)為植物可能比人類想象的有更多的潛能。故選C。DRecently,researchershaveusedamachinelearningalgorithm(算法)torecognizetheseeminglymysteriousfacialexpressionsoflaboratorymice.Theworkcouldhaveimplicationsforlocatingneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthehumanbrainthatencodeparticularexpressions.Theirstudy“isanimportantfirststep”inunderstandingsomeofthemysteriousaspectsofemotionsandhowtheypresentinthebrain,saysneuroscientistDavidAndersonattheCaliforniaInstituteofNeuroscientistNadineGogolla,wholedthestudy,tookinspirationfroma2014paperthatAndersonwrotewithhisworkmateRalphAdolphs.Inthestudy,theytheorized‘brainstates’suchasemotionsshouldexhibitparticularcharacteristics—theyshouldbepersistent,forexample,enduringforsometimeafterthestimulusthat第9頁/共24頁arousedthemhasdisappeared.Andtheyshouldvarywiththestrengthofthestimulus.Gogolla’steamfixedtheheadsofmicetokeepthemstill,thenprovideddifferentsensorystimuliintendedtotriggerparticularemotions,andfilmedtheanimals’faces.Theyknewamousecanchangeitsexpressionbymovingitsears,cheeks,noseandtheupperpartsofitseyes,butcouldn’treliablyassigntheexpressionstoparticularemotions.Sotheybrokedownthevideosoffacialmusclemovementsintoultrashortsnapshotsastheanimalsrespondedtothedifferentstimuli.Machinelearningalgorithmsrecognizeddistinctexpressions,whichcorrelatedwiththearousedemotionalstates,suchaspleasure,disgustorfear.ThefacialexpressionshadthecharacteristicsthatAndersonandAdolphshadproposed.Thescientiststhensearchedforbraincellsthatmightencodetheseemotionsinthebrain.Usingoptogenetics(光遺傳學(xué))theytargetedindividualneuronalcircuitsinmicethathavebeenshowntotriggerparticularemotionsinhumansandotheranimals.Whentheauthorsdirectlystimulatedthesecircuits,themiceassumedtherelevantfacialexpressions.Finally,theteamusedatechniquecalledtwophotoncalciumimagingtoidentifyindividualneuronsinthemousebrainthatfiredonlywhenparticularemotions,andparticularfacialexpressions,werearoused.“Theymayrepresentpartofacodingforemotionsinthebrain,”saysGogolla.thinkencodingforemotionmaybeevolutionaryconserved,andsotheencodinginhumansandmicemaysharesomemonfeatures.”12.Whatdoesthestudyfocusonaccordingtoparagraph1?A.themachinelearningalgorithm.B.Uncoveringthesecretofmice’sexpressions.C.Encodingparticularexpressionsofhumanbeings.D.Identifyingcertainneuronsrelatedtoexpressions.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Givingexamplesofthestudymethods.B.Displayingdetailsoftheresearchprocess.C.Makingreferencetothestudybackground.D.Listingcharacteristicsoftheresearchfindings.14.HowdidGogolla’steamdistinguishmice’sexpressions?A.Byusingdifferentsensorystimuli.B.Byfilmingmice’sfacialmusclemovements.C.Byemployingoptogeneticstargetingneuroncircuits.D.Bycategorizingtheirpictureswithmachinelearningalgorithm.第10頁/共24頁15.Whatmightbethesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtothetext?A.Itdecodestheprocessofemotionalevolution.B.Itinsightsintoemotionalencodinginhuman.C.Ithasfullyrevealedthemysteryofmice’semotions.D.Itdiscoversthesimilaritiesbetweenhumanandmice.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員利用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法識(shí)別實(shí)驗(yàn)室老鼠面部表情的一項(xiàng)研究，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Recently,researchershaveusedamachinelearningalgorithm(算法)torecognizetheseeminglymysteriousfacialexpressionsoflaboratorymice.(最近，研究人員使用一種機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法來識(shí)別實(shí)驗(yàn)室老鼠看似神秘的面部表情)”可知，研究的重點(diǎn)是揭示老鼠表情的秘密。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“NeuroscientistNadineGogolla,wholedthestudy,tookinspirationfroma2014paperthatAndersonwrotewithhisworkmateRalphAdolphs.Inthestudy,theytheorized‘brainstates’suchasemotionsshouldexhibitparticularcharacteristics—theyshouldbepersistent,forexample,enduringforsometimeafterthestimulusthatarousedthemhasdisappeared.Andtheyshouldvarywiththestrengthofthestimulus.(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)研究的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家納丁·戈戈拉從安德森與同事拉爾夫·阿道夫于2014項(xiàng)研究中，他們將情緒等‘大腦狀態(tài)’理論化，認(rèn)為它們應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)出特定的特征——例如，它們應(yīng)該是持續(xù)的，在引起它們的刺激消失后還能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。而且它們應(yīng)該隨著刺激力度的不同而變化)”可知，第二段的主要是談及研究背景。故選C。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Sotheybrokedownthevideosoffacialmusclemovementsintoultrashortsnapshotsastheanimalsrespondedtothedifferentstimuli.Machinelearningalgorithmsrecognizeddistinctexpressions,whichcorrelatedwiththearousedemotionalstates,suchaspleasure,disgustorfear.ThefacialexpressionshadthecharacteristicsthatAndersonandAdolphshadproposed.(因此，他們將動(dòng)物對(duì)不同刺激面部肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)視頻分解成超短的快照。機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法識(shí)別出不同的表情，這些表情與被喚起的情緒狀態(tài)相關(guān)，比如快樂、厭惡或恐懼。)”可知，Gogolla的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法對(duì)圖片進(jìn)行分類來區(qū)分老鼠的表情。故選D?！?5題詳解】第11頁/共24頁Thescientiststhensearchedforbraincellsthatmightencodetheseemotionsinthebrain.Usingoptogenetics(光遺傳學(xué)),theytargetedindividualneuronalcircuitsinmicethathavebeenshowntotriggerparticularemotionsinhumansandotheranimals.(然后，科學(xué)家們尋找可能在大腦中編碼這些情緒的腦細(xì)胞。利用光遺傳學(xué)技術(shù)，他們瞄準(zhǔn)了老鼠的單個(gè)神經(jīng)回路，這些神經(jīng)回路已被證明會(huì)引發(fā)人類和其他動(dòng)物的特定情緒。)”以及最后一段“theteamusedatechniquecalledtwophotoncalciumimagingtoidentifyindividualneuronsinthemousebrainthatfiredonlywhenparticularemotions,andparticularfacialexpressions,werearoused.“Theymayrepresentpartofacodingforemotionsinthebrain,”saysGogolla.thinkencodingforemotionmaybeevolutionaryconserved,andsotheencodinginhumansandmicemaysharesomemonfeatures.”(研究小組使用了一種叫做雙光子鈣成像的技術(shù)來識(shí)別老鼠大腦中的單個(gè)神經(jīng)元，這些神經(jīng)元只有Gogolla)”可知，人類和老鼠的編碼可能有一些共同的特征，而科學(xué)家們運(yùn)用不同的技術(shù)來尋找可能在大腦中編碼不同情緒的腦細(xì)胞，他們所瞄準(zhǔn)的單個(gè)神經(jīng)回路已被證明會(huì)引發(fā)人類和其他動(dòng)物的特定情緒，識(shí)別只有在特定的情緒和特定的面部表情被激發(fā)時(shí)才會(huì)被激活的單個(gè)神經(jīng)元；由此可知，這項(xiàng)研究的意義是它提供了對(duì)人類情感編碼的深入了解。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）Iusedtothinkthewholepurposeoflifewaspursuinghappiness.Everyonesaidthepathtohappinesswassuccess,soIsearchedforthemostidealjobandbeautifulapartment.____16____.AndIwasn’talone;myfriends—theystruggledwiththis,too.Eventually,Idecidedtogotograduateschooltostudypositivepsychologyandlearnwhattrulymakespeoplehappy.WhatIdiscoveredthereisthatwhatreallymakespeoplehappyishavingmeaninginlife.Sothisallmademewonder:Howcanweeachlivemoremeaningful?____17____Bringingitalltogether,IfoundthattherearewhatIcallthreepillars(支柱)ofameaningfullife.Thefirstpillarisbelonging.belongingesfromlove.Formanypeople,belongingisthemostimportantsourceofmeaning,thosebondswithfamilyandfriends.Forothers,thekeytomeaningisthesecondpillar:purpose.Now,findingyourpurposeisnotthesamethingasfindingajobthatmakesyouhappy.Thekeytopurposeisusingyourstrengthtoserveothers.Ofcourse,formanyofus,thathappensthroughwork.____18____Thethirdpillarofmeaning,I’vefound,tendstosurprisepeople.Thatisstorytelling,thestoryyoutellyourself第12頁/共24頁aboutyourself.Creatinganarrativefromtheeventsofyourlifebringsclearness.Ithelpsyouunderstandhowyoubecameyou.____19____.canedit,interpretandretellyourstory,evenasyou’reconstrainedbythefacts.____20____.Butwhenlifeisreallygoodorwhenthingsarereallybad,havingmeaninggivesyousomethingtoholdonto.A.HappinessliesinsuccessB.HappinessesandgoesC.lifeisn’tjustalistofeventsD.That’showwecontributeandfeelneededE.Butinsteadofeverfeelingfulfilled,IfeltanxiousF.findout,IinterviewedhundredsofpeopleandreadthousandsofbooksG.ItishardtofindtheanswertothisquestionbecauseIamtotallyconfusedaboutit【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.C20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了作者對(duì)于幸福和有意義生活的探索，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)真正讓人快樂的是生活中的意義，并提出了有意義生活的三個(gè)支柱?！?6題詳解】由上文“Iusedtothinkthewholepurposeoflifewaspursuinghappiness.Everyonesaidthepathtohappinesswassuccess,soIsearchedforthemostidealjobandbeautifulapartment.(我曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為生活的全部目的就是追求幸福。每個(gè)人都說通往幸福的道路是成功，所以我尋找了最理想的工作和漂亮的公寓。)”及下文“AndIwasn’talone;myfriendstheystruggledwiththis,too.Eventually,Idecidedtogotograduateschooltostudypositivepsychologyandlearnwhattrulymakespeoplehappy.WhatIdiscoveredthereisthatwhatreallymakespeoplehappyishavingmeaninginlife.(我并不孤單；我的朋友們——他們也在為此掙扎。最終，我決定去研究生院學(xué)習(xí)積極心理學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)真正讓人快樂的東西。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，真正讓人快樂的是生活中的意義。)”可知，上文提到作者曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為生活的目的是追求幸福，并努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)，下文描述學(xué)習(xí)真正讓人快樂的東西，空處應(yīng)承接上文說明不幸福這一結(jié)果，E選項(xiàng)“Butinsteadofeverfeelingfulfilled,Ifeltanxious(但我非但沒有感到滿足，反而感到焦慮)”說明作者雖然努力去追求幸福，但是結(jié)果并不如意，反而感到焦慮，于是下文開始探索有意義的生活是什么樣的。故選E。【17題詳解】由上文“Sothisallmademewonder:Howcanweeachlivemoremeaningful?(所以這讓我很好奇：我們?cè)鯓硬拍芑畹酶幸饬x呢？)”可知，上文提出“我們?cè)鯓硬拍芑畹酶幸饬x呢？”這一問題，空處為本段尾句，第13頁/共24頁說明作者為了解答這一問題而采取的行動(dòng)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“findout,Iinterviewedhundredsofpeopleandreadthousandsofbooks()讀書籍來尋找答案。故選F?！?8題詳解】由上文“Now,findingyourpurposeisnotthesamethingasfindingajobthatmakesyouhappy.Thekeytopurposeisusingyourstrengthtoserveothers.Ofcourse,formanyofus,thathappensthroughwork.(的目標(biāo)并不等同于找到一份讓你快樂的工作。目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵是利用你的力量為他人服務(wù)。當(dāng)然，對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來說，這是通過工作實(shí)現(xiàn)的。)”可知，上文提到工作對(duì)很多人來說是通過工作實(shí)現(xiàn)利用自己的力量為他D選項(xiàng)“That’showwecontributeandfeelneeded(這就是我們?nèi)绾巫龀鲐暙I(xiàn)并感受到被需要)”承接上文，指出人們通過工作來做出貢獻(xiàn)并感受到被需要，符合題意。故選D?！?9題詳解】由上文“Thethirdpillarofmeaning,I’vefound,tendstosurprisepeople.Thatisstorytelling,thestoryyoutellyourselfaboutyourself.Creatinganarrativefromtheeventsofyourlifebringsclearness.Ithelpsyouunderstandhowyoubecameyou.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)，意義的第三大支柱往往會(huì)讓人驚訝。那就是講故事，即你講給自己的關(guān)于自己的故事。從生活中的事件中構(gòu)建一個(gè)敘事，能讓你變得清晰明了。它有助于你理解自己是如何成為現(xiàn)在的自己的。)”可知，上文提到敘事有助于理解自我，空處應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說明生活事件和故事之間的關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ifeisn’tjustalistofevents(你的生活不僅僅是一系列事件)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選C?！?0題詳解】由下文“Butwhenlifeisreallygoodorwhenthingsarereallybad,havingmeaninggivesyousomethingtoholdonto.(但是，當(dāng)生活真的很好或者事情真的很糟糕的時(shí)候，擁有意義會(huì)給你一些堅(jiān)持下去的東西。)”可知，B選項(xiàng)“Happinessesandgoes(幸福來去匆匆)”符合題意，與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，說明通常情況下幸福來去匆匆，但是在生活很好或很糟糕時(shí)，擁有意義能讓我們堅(jiān)持下去。故選B。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題1分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasacollegestudentwhenacallcamethenightbeforeanexam.Myfatherhadfallenintoaa(昏迷)afewweeksearlierandIwasresponsibleforhis____21____decision.Afterafewhoursofrestlesssleep,Iwas第14頁/共24頁hardlyina(n)____22____totaketheexam.Itoldmyprofessorwhathadhappenedandrequestedanalternativeexamdate,whichwas____23____.Thisexperiencemademeunwillingtobe___24___aboutmystruggles.WhenIsoonhadtomakethe____25____totakemyfatherlifesupport,Itoldnobody.___26___thatsadness,Iwasabletomakeitthroughmystudiesandlaterbecameaprofessor.Asanewteacher,IfeltIneededto____27____atoughclassroompersona(表面形象)toearnrespect.Then,thepandemichit.Iwastootiredtokeepupthe____28____,andmystudentsneededsupport.So,I____29____mystoryaboutmyfather’sillnessanddeath.ItoldmystudentsIknewtheymightbe_____30_____andthatiftheycametomeneedinghelp,Iwouldunderstand.The_____31_____wasimmediateandpowerful.Studentsbecameunafraidtosharetheirstorieswithme.IchangednothingaboutthewayI_____32_____coursematerial,butstudentexamscoresimproved.AlthoughIstill_____33_____themtolearn,Icaredabouttheirwellbeing._____34_____yourimperfections,connectingwithstudentsonadeeperlevel,andcreatingspaceforthemandyoutogrowwillalwaysbechallenging,butitisworthit.Icannotknoweverythingthatisgoingonineverystudent’slife,butIcanalwayschoose_____35_____.21.A.financialB.mentalC.medicalD.physical22.A.B.stateC.gestureD.bid23.A.deniedB.acceptedC.understoodD.acknowledged24.A.certainB.seriousC.anxiousD.honest25.A.requestB.C.decisionD.attempt26.A.B.DespiteC.ForD.Against27.A.copyB.dropC.reflectD.adopt28.A.trendB.actC.paceD.flow29.A.sharedB.wroteC.madeD.read30.A.changingB.sufferingC.tryingD.pretending31.A.responseB.answerC.situationD.atmosphere32.A.preparedB.addressedC.producedD.delivered33A.forcedB.allowedC.pushedD.persuaded34.A.CorrectingB.ExposingC.RemovingD.Embracing35.A.passionB.ignoranceC.acceptanceD.empathy第15頁/共24頁【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.B29.A30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者面對(duì)父親病重時(shí)的心路歷程與教學(xué)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周前，我父親陷入了昏迷，我負(fù)責(zé)他的醫(yī)療決定。A.financial財(cái)務(wù)的；B.mentalC.medicalD.physical身體的。根據(jù)上文“Myfatherhadfallenintoaa”以及后文“decision”可知，父親陷入了昏迷，此處指作者負(fù)責(zé)父親昏迷后的醫(yī)療決定。故選C。【22題詳解】A.B.state狀態(tài)；C.gesture手勢(shì)；D.bid努力。根據(jù)上文“Afterafewhoursofrestlesssleep”和后文“to