語法時態(tài)語態(tài)課件高三英語一輪復習

動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)謂語動詞非謂語

動詞連系動詞amisarewaswerelooksoundseemgetturn實義動詞/行為動詞(vt./vi)runsinglearnsaywrite助動詞dodoesdidhavehaswill情態(tài)動詞canmaymustneeddare不定式

(todo)現(xiàn)在分詞

(V-ing)過去分詞

(V-ed)時態(tài)語態(tài)虛擬語氣動詞時態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(do)過去時(did)將來時(willdo)過去將來時一般態(tài)do/doesdidwilldowoulddo進行態(tài)(bedoing)bedoingwas/weredoingwillbedoingwouldbedoing完成態(tài)(havedone)have/hasdonehaddonewillhavedonewouldhavedone完成進行態(tài)(havebeendoing)have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavebeendoingwouldhavebeendoingHowmanytenses?Form時：是說明動作發(fā)生的時間。態(tài)：是說明動作完成的程度時態(tài)：英文中，用于說明動作發(fā)生的時間和狀態(tài)的結構1.一般現(xiàn)在時Theyarealwayshappy.Totorooftenplayshappily.主語＋動詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)形式＋其他futurepastnow(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與seldom,often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday,onSundays,onceaweek等頻度副詞和表頻率的時間狀語連用。用法01一般現(xiàn)在時1Igotoschoolatseveneveryday.2

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.(2)表示客觀真理、科學事實和格言警句。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時態(tài)，從句中謂語動詞也要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。(1)表示經(jīng)常性的、習慣性的動作，常與頻度時間狀語連用,如：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,every+時間；on+星期Hesaid用法01一般現(xiàn)在時3I'llgoshoppingwithmymotherifsheisfreetomorrow.(3)在if條件狀語從句中“主將從現(xiàn)”。4ThetrainleavesforJinanat9:00.(4)表示按時間表或安排好的事或將要發(fā)生的事情。如火車發(fā)車，飛機起飛等。2.一般過去時Theywerehappyatthattime.Itrainedheavilylastnight.主語＋動詞過去式＋其他結構futurepastnow02一般過去時用法LastyearIwenttotheHangzhouNationalTeaMuseum.表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Weoften______toworkbybuslastyear.went3.一般將來時Theywillgohometomorrow.Sheisgoingtoreadbookstonight.主語＋will/shall＋動詞原形＋其他主語＋begoingto＋動詞原形＋其他1.表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與soon,next

time,tomorrow,fromnowon,tonight,inafewdays等表示將來的時間狀語連用。2.表示計劃、“打算”，或根據(jù)跡象推測將要發(fā)生的事情也用begoingto；但表示客觀情況、有禮貌的邀請或意愿時用will而不用begoingto；shall表示將來的動作時僅用于I/we。3.現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。表示位置移動的動詞可用“be＋動詞-ing形式”表示將來，如leave,start,begin,stay,come,

go等，表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事。即練單句填空1.Theworld______________(celebrate)EarthDayeveryyearonApril22.2.ThebullettraintoBeijing_______(take)offat11:00am.Let’shurry.3.ItwasAnnathat______________________(introduce)thebookPayItForwardtoSarahtwomonthsago.4.He________________(leave)forLondonintwohourstomeetwithhismanager.celebratestakesintroducedisleaving4.現(xiàn)在進行時Theyareshoutingnow.Look!Theyaredancing.主語＋am/is/are＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其他（1）表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生的動作。Scientistsarenowtryingtomakerobotslooklikehumansanddothesamethingsasus.Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.(2)趨向動詞come,go,leave,fly等用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來TheyareleavingforEnglandtomorrow.(3)表示頻繁發(fā)生的習慣性動作時，常與always等頻度副詞連用，帶有一定的感情色彩Heisalwaystellingalie.5.過去進行時Hewaswaitingforyouatthattime.主語＋was/were＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其他Iwasdoingmyhomeworkallthemorningyesterday.1.表示過去某一時間點或某一段時間正在進行的動作，常與atthis/thetimeyesterday,then,yesterday,atthattime等表示過去的時間狀語連用Weenteredtheroom

while

he

waslisteningtotheradio.2.在含有while引導的時間狀語從句中，從句用過去進行時，表示動作在過去某一時刻同時進行。Thistimetomorrowwe'llbesittinginthecinemaandwatchingafilm..主語＋will＋be+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其他明天這個時候我們會坐在電影院看電影。6.將來進行時常用的時間狀語有:atthistimetomorrow/fromninetotentomorrowevening/alldaytomorrow/...表示將來某時刻正在進行的或延續(xù)的動作7.現(xiàn)在完成進行時Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.表示動作從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能持續(xù)下去。Youhavebeentellingmenottobelatealltheway.主語＋has/havebeen＋ving+其他即練單句填空1.Whilehe______________(wait)forthebus,Iaskedhimtolendmetwentypounds.2.Theweatherisannoying.It_______________(rain)sincelastSunday.3.Janewon’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoon,becauseshe________________(teach)aclassatthattime.4.Jamesisalways________(help)othersinneed.waswaitinghasbeenrainingwillbeteachinghelping8.現(xiàn)在完成時Hehasalreadyfinishedhiswork.TheyhavelearnedEnglishforthreeyears.主語＋has/have＋動詞的過去分詞結構(1)強調過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響;(2)表示過去開始的動作一直延伸到現(xiàn)在,還有可能繼續(xù)下去。已經(jīng)用法08

現(xiàn)在完成時分類用法舉例延續(xù)性動詞能夠延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài),在完成時中能與表示持續(xù)一段時間狀語連用work,study,live,keep,stay非延續(xù)性動詞短暫性動詞、瞬間動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，在完成時中不能和表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，如果和表示一段時間的狀語連用，就要用其他詞代替go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry，end,die注意:非延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示段時間連用非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhaveborrow/lendhave/keepbecomebebegin/startbeoncome/gobackbebackclosebeclosedcatchacoldhaveacolddiebedead延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉化用法08

現(xiàn)在完成時Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.Ididn’tknowIhadgivenyousomuchtrouble.9.過去完成時had＋動詞的過去分詞（done）1.表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài),即“過去的過去”futurepastnow2.表示從過去某一時間延續(xù)到另一過去時間的動作。常用的時間狀語有:by+過去時間(then/theendoflastmonth/bythetimewegothome/…)futurepastnowBytheendofyesterday,wehadreceivedover1,000lettersfromallovertheworld.到昨天為止,我們已經(jīng)收到了來自世界各地的1,000多封信。表示到將來某一時間或動作之前已發(fā)生的動作。

常用的時間狀語有:by+將來時間；bythetime+句子Bytheendof2037,theworld’spopulationwillhavereached9billion.（將來完成時）futurepastnow將來完成時10.將來完成時主語＋will＋have+動詞的過去分詞(done)即練單句填空1.ItisthefirsttimethatI________(meet)mynephew.2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Overtheyears,John________(take)onmanybigjobs.3.We_______________(learn)3，500wordsbytheendoflastterm.4.Nosooner________sheheardthebadnewsthansheburstintotears.5.We_______________(finish)thereportbynextMonday.havemethastakenhadlearned/learnthadwillhavefinishedVoice(語態(tài)):

表示主語與謂語動詞之主客關系的動詞形式稱為語態(tài)。若主語為動作動詞的行為發(fā)出者，那么表達這種關系的動詞形式叫做主動語態(tài).

（ActiveVoice）反之，若主語為動作動詞的承受者，那么表達這種關系的動詞形式叫做被動語態(tài).（PassiveVoice）They

respect

him.Heisrespectedbythem.語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)&被動語態(tài)常用動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)一覽表(以do為例）形式時間一般式（bedone)進行式(bebeingdone)完成式(havebeendone)現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedone

shall/willhavebeendone構成：bedoneTips判斷主語是動作發(fā)出者還是動作承受者；判斷語句中的時態(tài)（根據(jù)時間副詞或從句）；動詞的被動語態(tài)與主語保持主謂一致（第三人稱人數(shù)、復數(shù)等）。Peopleregarditasamascot(吉祥物)inThe2022OlympicWinterGames.

It___________asamascot(吉祥物)inThe2022OlympicWinterGames(bypeople).主語A+謂語動詞B1（及物動詞）+賓語C主語C+謂語動詞B2(變被動,與主語一致)+賓語Ado/does---一般現(xiàn)在時isregardedam/is/aredoneCaoxue,dean（院長）ofGuangzhouAcademyofFineArts(廣州美術學院),designedtheimageofBingDwenDwenin2019.TheimageofBingDwenDwen______________byCaoxue,deanofGuangzhouAcademyofFineArts(廣州美術學院)in2019.一般過去時did---wasdesignedwas/weredoneWewilldefeatCOVID-19inthefuture.Dr.ZhongNanshansaidwewoulddefeatCOVID-19inthefuture.COVID-19________________(byus)inthefuture.Dr.ZhongNanshansaidCOVID-19_______________

(byus)inthefuture.一般將來時過去將來時willdo---woulddo---willbedefeated

wouldbedefeatedwillbedonewouldbedoneSomepeople______________________(quarantine隔離)nowduetothepandemic.Iheardthenewsthatsomepeople____________________(quarantine)duetothepandemicwhenIwaswatchingTV.現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時am/is/aredoing---was/weredoing---arebeingquarantinedwerebeingquarantinedam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneDoctorshavefoundaneffectivewaytodefeatthediseasesofar.PeoplehadnotneededmasksbeforetheoutbreakofCOVID19.現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時has/havedone---haddone---Aneffectivewaytodefeatthedisease_____________

(bydoctors)

sofar.Masks______________beforetheoutbreakofCOVID19.

hasbeenfoundhadnotbeenneeded

has/havebeen