句子成分課件高一英語初高銜接課程

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sentence句子成分Nothingisdifficulttoawillingheart.angrylargelyunconcious無意識的arriveTomseeminhardmeatveryistheGreatWallhehappiness名詞n.Tom,happiness,theGreatWall代詞pron.he,me形容詞adj.angry,unconscious介詞prep.at,in動詞verbarrive,seem,is副詞adv.very,hard,largely句子成分主語subject謂語verb表語predicative賓語object賓語補(bǔ)足語objectcomplement定語attributive狀語adverbial同位語appositive01主語1.主語(subject)主語表示句子所要說明或描述的人或事物。Researchersarehopingtofindacureforthedisease.Iregisteredthecarinmyname.Toseeistobelieve.Cyclingandboatingaremyfavoritefreetimeinterests.Whoistobeinchargeofthecompanyhasnotbeendecided.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglishwell.名詞代詞動詞不定式動名詞主語從句一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子充當(dāng)，置于句首。形式主語真正主語02謂語2.謂語(verb)謂語用來說明主語做什么或怎么樣。謂語實(shí)義動詞助動詞（be/have/do等+動詞的某種形式）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形及物動詞vt不及物動詞vi系動詞can/could、may/might、must、will/would、shall/should、系動詞分為四類:口訣：Be的一張臉,看似變不變.①be動詞②感官動詞：look,sound,smell,feel,taste;③表示好像：seem,appear④表示狀態(tài)不變的:

remain,stay,keep,stand等；表示狀態(tài)變化的:

become,get,go,turn,grow等。例：OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.02謂語2.謂語(verb)謂語用來說明主語做什么或怎么樣。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Ialwaysarriveatschoolat7:00.Tomshouldgivethetickettoyouyesterday.Hedoesn’tlikechemistry.Iamwritingnow.及物動詞不及物動詞通常由及物動詞、不及物動詞、情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形，助動詞+動詞的某種形式，系動詞來表示，位于主語之后。助動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形助動詞+動詞ing如何定位句子中的謂語動詞——排除法1.主語前的動詞不是謂語動詞.Hearingthenews,Idecidedtotakealook.2.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞前無助動詞(have/be)，不是謂語動詞Thegirlstandingoutofthedoorissmiling.ThebookwrittenbyLuXunwassoldout.3.動詞不定式中的動詞不是謂語動詞.Tofinishtheprojectwilltakemetwodays.04賓語3.賓語(object)

賓語是動作，行為的對象。Hewrotemanyplays.Callmeanytime.Idecidetopickupanewforeignlanguage.Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.賓語從句動詞不定式短語名詞短語代詞一般放在及物動詞或介詞之后，由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞，從句充當(dāng)。04賓語3.賓語(object)賓語是動作，行為的對象。DO–directobject直接賓語

物

IO---indirectobject間接賓語

人

Myparentsboughtmeacomputer.間接賓語直接賓語03表語4.表語(predicative)表語用來表示主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Sheisadoctor.Theclothfeelssoft.Hisfavoritesportisrunning.Yourtaskistofindout

thecost.Sheisintheroom.Mybeliefisthatourcountrywillbecomestrongerandstronger.名詞形容詞動名詞表語從句一般由名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)，位于系動詞之后。介詞短語動詞不定式05賓語補(bǔ)足語5.賓語補(bǔ)足語(objectcomplement)

有些及物動詞（短語）帶了賓語后意義仍不夠完整，還需要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、身份或特征等。Hehasprovedhimselfanexperiencedteacher.Whenwegotthere,wefoundtheinjuredunconsciousandbleeding.Mymotheralwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.名詞短語形容詞介詞短語賓語補(bǔ)足語通常放在賓語之后，一般由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞及短語等充當(dāng)。Option0406定語6.定語(attributive)定語是用來修飾或限定名詞或代詞的。名詞形容詞過去分詞定語從句applehappywhoisfromUSAfallenThesearetrees.Thisisafamily.Thefemaledesignermadeadeepimpressiononus.Theyarecleaningtheleavesintheyard.一般由形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞、從句等充當(dāng)。07狀語7.狀語(adverbial)狀語是用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或整個句子的成分。這種所描述的狀態(tài)可以是：時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、程度、讓步、比較、伴隨。狀語一般由副詞、副詞詞組或從句來充當(dāng)。Irunamarathonyesterday.HeworksinBeijing.Hewaitedbecauseoftherain.TheyoftenspendChristmastogether.Hespoketohimwithsmile.時間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語原因狀語頻繁程度伴隨狀語08同位語8.同位語(appositive)若兩個語法單位指同一個人或事物，并且句法功能也一樣，那么后一項(xiàng)稱為前一項(xiàng)的同位語。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.ProfessorWang,afamousscientist,willgiveusatalktomorrow.小組討論：分析下列句子成分。(1)Isawhimgoingupstairs.(2)Mydutyisto