語法專題復(fù)習(xí)謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)課件高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)Part01謂語動詞被動態(tài)英語動詞的兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。謂語動詞——被動態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+動詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，一般來說只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化。常見的七種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/isaredone

一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone一般將來時(shí)：will/shallbedone 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeingdone 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendone

過去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone一、被動語態(tài)的形成注意：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天八小時(shí)的睡眠必須保證。一、被動語態(tài)的形成1、不知道或沒必要指明動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.運(yùn)動會將在下周進(jìn)行。2、強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時(shí)Tommywasunluckytobehitbythefootball.湯米很倒霉地被那個(gè)足球砸到了。3、動作的執(zhí)行者被較長的修飾語修飾時(shí)。Thecoatwasorderedbythefashionablydressedwoman.這件大衣被那位穿著時(shí)髦的女性預(yù)定了。二、使用被動語態(tài)的主要情況一個(gè)句子賓語變主語的過程就是主動變被動的過程。1、主語+謂語+賓語→被動句Hewaterstheflowerseveryday.→Theflowersarewateredbyhimeveryday.三、主動與被動的轉(zhuǎn)換2、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語→被動句①give，send，take，bring等常帶有兩個(gè)賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語改為主語，另一個(gè)保留不變。在這種變換過程中，如果直接賓語成為被動句的主語，被保留的間接賓語前通常加to。Thestudentsgavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.學(xué)生們給予了外國賓客熱烈的歡迎。1）Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythestudents.2）Awarmwelcomewasgiventotheforeignguestsbythestudents.三、主動與被動的轉(zhuǎn)換2、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語→被動句②buy，make，find，get等在被動語態(tài)中被保留的間接賓語前通常加for。此時(shí)for不可省略，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，間接賓語不作主語。Myfatherboughtmeamobilephone.→Amobilephonewasboughtformebymyfather.Iwasboughtamobilephonebymyfather.（×）三、主動與被動的轉(zhuǎn)換3、主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)→被動句①該結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)，主動句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，原主語常省略。Wecallthiskindofwaterspringwater.我們稱這種水為泉水?！鶷hiskindofwateriscalledspringwater(byus).三、主動與被動的轉(zhuǎn)換②帶有形式賓語it的句子也可以變?yōu)楸粍泳?。Weconsideritimportanttopreparewellforthecomingexamination.我們認(rèn)為充分準(zhǔn)備即將到來的考試很重要?！鶬tisconsideredimportanttopreparewellforthecomingexamination(byus).③省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)要加上toIheardhermovearoundintheroomlastnight.昨晚我聽到她在房間里走動?！鶶hewasheardtomovearoundintheroomlastnight.三、主動與被動的轉(zhuǎn)換1、被動語態(tài)表動作，系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)。Thecatwasfrightenedbylightning.貓被閃電驚嚇到了。（貓被嚇到）Thecatwasfrightened.貓?bào)@嚇到了。（貓?zhí)庴@嚇狀態(tài)。）四、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別2、系表結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞可用quite，very，rather，too，so，more，most等詞修飾，被動結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞可用greatly，much等詞修飾。Themeetingwasarrangedquiteperfect.會議安排得相當(dāng)完美。Weweregreatlytouchedbytheletter.這封信使我們深受感動。四、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別Part02練習(xí)1.Now,peoplecanlearnaboutthehistorythroughadocumentarycalledTheSix:TheUntoldStoryofTitanic’sChinesePassengers,which__________(release)onApril16,2021.2.InAugust2019,ameteorologicalcenterand65staffmembersfromacrosstheprovincebeganoperationsinXi’an.Andnowtheteam__________(support)bytheworkofotherforecastersintheprovince.3.Sofar,anumberofnewtechnologies__________(apply)tothecorecabin(核心艙).練習(xí)wasrealeasedis/aresupportedhavebeenapplied4.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent__________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatasteadypace.5.Fairtradeisthetradethatisgoodfortheproducer,asystemthatensuresmoreofthepriceconsumerspay__________(go)totheproducer.6.TherepairoftheJiankouGreatWall,which__________(start)in2016,wascarriedoutgradually.練習(xí)ispushinggoesstarted7.ThisChinesepalacewithahistoryofabout600yearsreceivesmillionsofvisitorseveryyearandlotsofTVprograms__________(show)theplaceinrecentyears.8.EverytimewhenI__________(be)abletodeliveraspeechtotheaudiencefromaroundtheworld,Ialwaysthoughtofyou.練習(xí)haveshownwas9.AmidtheongoingCOVID-19pandemic,moreandmoreChinesehaverealizedtheimportanceofhealthand__________(start)exercisingathomebecauseofthecontrolandpreventionpolicythathindersthemfromgoingoutsometimes.10.Aneagleflewoverthesnow-cappedmountains,which