創(chuàng)新大學英語綜合教程U7課件

Unit7ArchitectureInnovationEnglishIntegratedCourseBook4Lead-inAfter-readingTextADetailedstudyofthetextFromstructuretotextAdditionalMaterialscontent01020304TextA3TeachingSessionsTextB1.5TeachingSessionsListening&Speaking1.5TeachingSessionsExercises2TeachingSessionsSuggestedTeachingSteps01Lead-inLead-inDirections:Pleasewatchthevideoclipandanswerthequstions.Lead-in1.WhatproblemscantheverticaldomeinShanghaihelptosolve?Populationdensity;makethebestuseofthelimitedlandtoaccommodateasmanypeopleaspossible;Shanghaiisoneofthemostpopulouscitiesoftheworld,with24millionpeople.2.WhatchallengesdoesShanghaiTowerface?Howaretheysoled?Thetalleristhestructure,themoreitchallengesMotherNature.Eachsummer,atyphonblaststhecity,andShanghaiTowerbecomesthetarget.Bytwistingtheouterskin120degrees,thewindsafelyglidesaroundthetower.02TextATextAIntensiveReadingDetailedstudyoftheTextFromStructuretoTextTextA

TheLeaningTowerofPisa1.ThetowerinPisa,Italy,isfamoussimplybecauseitleans.Itwasclosedtothepublicin1990,afterfearsthatanentirebusloadoftouristsatthetopwouldbeenoughtomakeitfall.Elevenyearslater,theleanhasbeencorrectedalittle,butnotentirely.Althoughthetowerisfamousbecauseitleans,itisanoutstandingexampleofRomanesquearchitecture,andwouldprobablybefamous,evenifitdidn'tlean.Itstands187feethighanduntil1990wasleaningoveratabouta10-degreeangle,thetopbeing17feetfurtheroverthanwasoriginallyintended.Itwasestimatedthattheleanwasincreasingbyoneinchevery20years.TextA2.In1172,awealthywidowleftsixtycoinsinherwilltobuystonestobegintheconstructionofthetower.Itisabelltowertoaccompanythecathedralthatitstandsnextto.Itisn'tquiteclearwhotheactualdesignerwas,butconstructionwasbegunonAugust9,1173.DuetothefactthatthepeopleofPisawereinvolvedinalotofwars,withseveralstopstofight,ittookuntil1350tocompletethebuilding.Thetoweriscircular,andmadeupofeightfloorsoflimestoneandlimemortarcoveredontheoutsidewithmarble.Theoutsideofeachlevelhascolumnsandarches.Thereisastaircaseof293stepsleadingupfromthegroundtotheeighthfloor:thestepsarebuiltbetweenaninnerwallandtheouterwalls.Theeighthfloorcontainsthebells,seveninall.Thefirststagewasthebuildingofthefirstthreefloors;thisbeganin1173andstoppedin1178,whenPisawasatwar.Constructionbeganagainin1275underanarchitectcalledGiovannidiSimone.Hebuiltthenextthreefloors,andagainworkwashalteduntil1319.Thefinaltwofloorswereaddedbetween1319and1350.TextA3.Only5yearsafterworkonthebuildingbegan,itwasleaningnoticeablytotheNorth.Theleanwasfirstnoticedduringconstructionofthethirdfloor.Duringthebuildingofthenextthreefloors,theleanwascorrectedbybuildingthefloorsparalleltotheground,andnotlevelwiththeleaningbuilding.Duringthisphasethetowerstartedtoleantheotherway.NowitwasleaningtotheSouth.Thetowerisbuiltonunsuitablegroundforsuchaheavyandtallbuilding.Itisonlyabout6feetabovesealevelandbuiltonariverbed.Theunderlyinggroundismadeupoflayersofsandandclay.Thelayersarenotevenandtheweightofthebuildinghascompressedthem.Becausethelayersarenoteven,asthegroundhascompressed,ithassunkmoreinsomeplacesthanothers.4.Thefactthatittooksuchalongtimetobuildmaybethemainreasonithasn'tfallen.Betweentheperiodsofconstruction,thegroundhadtimetosettleandbecomecompacted,makingthefoundationsstronger.Anotherimportantfactoristhematerialitisbuiltfrom;thelimestoneandlimemortarareabletobendandresisttheforcesthatwouldmakeother,morebrittlerocks,crack.TextA5.Severalplanshavebeentriedovertheyearstostopthetowerfromfalling.Someofthemhavebeenalmostdisastrous.In1934anItalianengineerdrilled361holesintothebaseandfilledthemwithmortar.Thetowerpromptlyleanedoversomemore.In1993,650tonsofleadwerehungfromtheNorthsideofthebuildingtotryandstoptheleanincreasing.Forawhileitworked.In1995,theydecidedtotryandincreasethefoundationsundertheSouthsideofthebuilding.Theyfrozethegroundusingliquidnitrogen,tostopitmoving,andthenstartedtoremovestones,sotheycouldinsertmetalrods.Whattheydidn'tknowwasthatthestonestheywereremovingwerepartoftheoriginalfoundationofthebuilding.Thatisthenearestthetowerhascometodisaster.Inonenighttheleanincreasedasmuchasitnormallyincreasesintwoyears.Theyquicklyaddedanother250tonsofleadanddecidedtorethinkthewholething.TextA6.Atthispointeveryonewasjustaboutreadytogiveup.ThenaBritishengineeringprofessorcameupwithyetanotheridea.Hisplanwastoremovegroundfromunderthehighside,insteadoftryingtoaddgroundunderthelowside.In1999workbegan,andwasdoneveryslowly,sothatthebuildingwouldn'tgetasuddenshock.AtthebeginningofJune2001,theworkwascomplete,andthetowerhadbeenstraightenedupbyabout16inches,whichreturnsittothepositionitheldin1838.Theengineersbelievethatitissafeforatleastanother300years.So,iftheyknowhow,whydidn'ttheyjuststraightenitupalltheway?Theanswerliesinthetower'sname.ItistheLeaningTowerofPisaandjustwouldn'tbethesameifitdidn'tlean!SomeoftheresidentsofPisasayitwouldbebettertoletitfalldown,ratherthantostraightenitalltheway.DetailedStudyFromword&sentencetotextDETAILEDSTUDYOFTHETEXTDetailedStudy1)(Para.1)Itwasclosedtothepublicin1990,afterfearsthatanentirebusloadoftouristsatthetopwouldbeenoughtomakeitfall:Withworriesthatalargenumberoftouristsstandingatthetopmightmakethetowercollapse,thetowerwasclosedtothepublicin1990.【譯文】由于擔心一車的游客站在塔頂就會使它倒塌，該塔于1990年停止對游人開放。該句的主句為“Itwasclosedtothepublicin1990.…."?！癮fterfears….”是介詞短語，表明關閉斜塔的原因。“that”引導的從句是“fear”的同位語，說明擔心的內容?！皌hat”從句中的主干是“anentirebusloadoftouristswouldbeenough...”?！癮fter”(prep.)heremeans“becauseofsomethingthathappenedearlier”e.g.I'llneverforgivehimafterwhathesaid.I'mnotsurprisedhewalkedoutafterthewayshetreatedhim.Afteryourletter,Ididn'tthinkI'deverseeyouagain.busloadn.anamountofpeopleonabusthatisfull(一個公共汽車的)載客量e.g.Abusloadoftouristscameinbehindus,maybetwentyHawaiiansinHawaiianshirts,withcamerasandfunnyhats.DetailedStudy2)(Para.1)Althoughthetowerisfamousbecauseitleans,itisanoutstandingexampleofRomanesquearchitecture,andwouldprobablybefamous,evenifitdidn'tlean:Despitethefactthatthetowerisrenownedforleaning.itwouldprobablystillbefamousifitdidn'tleanforitisamarvelousexampleofRomanesquearchitecture.【譯文】盡管此塔因傾斜而聞名于世，但它也是羅馬建筑的杰出典范，即使不傾斜，也可能享譽世界。evenifusedtoemphasizethatalthoughsomethingmayhappenormaybetrue,itwillnotchangeasituation即使，即便e.g.She'sgoingtohaveproblemsfindingajobevenifshegetsherAlevel.Iwouldn'ttellyouevenifIknew.Evenifshesurvives,she'llneverfullyrecover.DetailedStudy3)(Para.1)Itstands187feethighanduntil1990wasleaningoveratabouta10-degreeangle,thetopbeing17feetfurtheroverthanwasoriginallyintended:Itis187feethighandwastiltingatabouta10-degreeanglewiththetopbeing17feetfurtheroverthanwasplannedatthebeginning.【譯文】塔高187英尺，1990年時它的傾斜度大約為10度，塔頂偏離了預先設計位置17英尺。該句中“stand”是系動詞，故“187feet”是表語，而“high”是補語。"thetopbeing17feet...”是由現(xiàn)在分詞短語“being17feet....”構成的獨立主格結構。standv.(1)haveaspecifiedheight高度為e.g.Thetrophystands3feethigh.Hestandssixfeettwo.(2)

beinacertainplace,besituated在某處，位于e.g.Alampstoodonthetable.Neartherailwaystationstoodahotel.DetailedStudy4)(Para.1)Itwasestimatedthattheleanwasincreasingbyoneinchevery20years.【譯文】據(jù)估計，比薩塔每20年增加傾斜一英寸。increase(sth.)bysth.

以……為單位增加e.g.Foodpricesincreasedby10%inlessthanayear.5)(Para.2)DuetothefactthatthepeopleofPisawereinvolvedinalotofwars,withseveralstopstofight,ittookuntil1350tocompletethebuilding:BecausemanywarswerewagedinvolvingthepeopleofPisa,theconstructionwasinterrupted;itwasnotuntil1350thattheconstructionwascompleted.【譯文】由于比薩人民頻受戰(zhàn)爭侵擾，塔的修建幾度中斷，直到1350年才竣工。DetailedStudy6)

(Para.2)Thereisastaircaseof293stepsleadingupfromthegroundtotheeighthfloor;thestepsarebuiltbetweenaninnerwallandtheouterwalls.【譯文】從地面到塔的第八層共有293級臺階，臺階建于內墻和外墻之間。increstaircasen.

asetofstairsinsideabuildingwithitssupportsandthesidepartsthatyouholdonto樓梯e.g.Ihearsomeonecomingdownthestaircase.spiralstaircaseasetofstairsarrangedinacircularpatternsothattheygoaroundacentralpointastheygethigher旋轉樓梯movingstaircaseescalator;asetofmovingstairsthattakepeopletodifferentlevelsinabuilding電動扶梯，自動扶梯DetailedStudy7)

(Para.3)Duringthebuildingofthenextthreefloors,theleanwascorrectedbybuildingthefloorsparalleltothegroundandnotlevelwiththeleaningbuilding:Duringtheconstructionofthenextthreefloors,thetiltwaspartiallycorrectedbybuildingthefloorsparalleltothegroundratherthanparalleltothepreviousfloors.【譯文】于是建隨后三層時，人們通過建造與地面而非與塔身平行的層面來校正塔的傾斜。該句的主干是“theleanwascorrectedby...”。介詞短語“bybuildingthefloorsparalleltotheground”作方式狀語，表示糾正塔的傾斜的方式。而“andnotlevelwiththeleaningbuilding”也是介詞短語，省略了介詞，補全的形式應為“notbybuildingthefloorslevelwiththeleaningbuilding”。parallel

adj.(1)

(oftwoormorelines)havingthesamedistancebetweeneachotherateverypoint平行的e.g.Theroadandthecanalareparalleltoeachother.(2)exactlycorresponding,similar相對應的，相同的e.g.Sheandherfriendshaveparallellikesanddislikes.DetailedStudy7)

(Para.3)Duringthebuildingofthenextthreefloors,theleanwascorrectedbybuildingthefloorsparalleltothegroundandnotlevelwiththeleaningbuilding:Duringtheconstructionofthenextthreefloors,thetiltwaspartiallycorrectedbybuildingthefloorsparalleltothegroundratherthanparalleltothepreviousfloors.【譯文】于是建隨后三層時，人們通過建造與地面而非與塔身平行的層面來校正塔的傾斜。parallel

n.(1)

person,situation,event,etc.thatisexactlysimilartoanother相似的人或情形e.g.TheseideashaveparallelsinFreud'sthought,too.(2)(in~withsth./sb.)togetherwithandatthesametimeassth.else(與……)同時e.g.Thenewdegreeandtheexistingcertificatecourseswouldruninparallel.DetailedStudy7)

(Para.3)Duringthebuildingofthenextthreefloors,theleanwascorrectedbybuildingthefloorsparalleltothegroundandnotlevelwiththeleaningbuilding:Duringtheconstructionofthenextthreefloors,thetiltwaspartiallycorrectedbybuildingthefloorsparalleltothegroundratherthanparalleltothepreviousfloors.【譯文】于是建隨后三層時，人們通過建造與地面而非與塔身平行的層面來校正塔的傾斜。leveladj.(1)

(~with)ofthesameheight,standard,orpositiononascale等高的，同等標準的e.g.Thelittlegirl'sheadislevelwithhermother'sknees.Thetwopicturesarenotquitelevel,thatoneishigherthantheother.(2)havingahorizontalsurface;flat;notsloping水平的，平坦的e.g.Somestreetsinthecityarenotlevel.DetailedStudy8)(Para.3)Becausethelayersarenoteven,asthegroundhascompressed,ithassunkmoreinsomeplacesthanothers:Becausethelayersarenotequalorlevelsomeplaceswouldsinkdeeperthanotherswhenthegroundhasbeenpressed.【譯文】由于地層分布不均衡，地面受壓時，某些地方會沉陷得更厲害。evenadj.(1)

smooth,flat,level平的，平滑(坦)的e.g.Thefloormustbecompletelyevenbeforewelaythetiles/Hehaslovelywhite,eventeeth.(2)unchanginginquality,regular,steady均勻的，有規(guī)律的，穩(wěn)定的e.g.Theroomiskeptataneventemperature.compressv.(1)

topresssth.ormakeitsmallersothatittakesuplessspace;ortobecomesmaller擠壓，壓縮e.g.Woodshavingsandsawdustcanbecompressedintoboards.Hecompressedthedocumentandthene-mailedittome.(2)

towriteorexpresssth.usingfewerwords;toreducetheamountoftimethatittakesforsth.tohappenorbedone縮短，精簡e.g.Shecompressedtwomonths'workintoone.DetailedStudy9)

(Para.4)Betweentheperiodsofconstructionthegroundhadtimetosettleandbecomecompacted,makingthefoundationsstronger:Duringtheintervalsbetweenconstructionthegroundhadtimetoslowlyadjustandbecomecompressed,whichmadethefoundationsbecamestronger.【譯文】在建塔的間隙，地面慢慢下陷、壓緊，地基由此變得更加堅固。foundationn.

(usuallypl.)ofbricks,concrete.etc.formingthesolidundergroundbaseofabuilding地(房)基，基礎e.g.Theflooddisplacedthehousesfromtheirfoundations.Thebuilderspouredasolidfoundationofconcrete.Thehugelorriesshookthefoundationsofthehouse.DetailedStudy10)

(Para.4)Anotherimportantfactoristhematerialitisbuiltfrom;thelimestoneandlimemortarareabletobendandresisttheforcesthatwouldmakeother,morebrittlerocks,crack:Anotherkeyelementliesinitsbuildingmaterial-limestoneandlimemortarwhichareflexibleandareabletowithstandtheforcesthatmightbreakotherlessflexiblerocks.【譯文】另一重要因素是建塔的材料是石灰石和石灰砂漿，它們能夠彎曲并抵抗巨大的外力，不像其他易碎石料，遇外力時會突然斷裂。brittleadj.

hardbuteasilybroken;fragile易碎的，脆弱的e.g.Thismaterialishighlybrittle.Thebranchesweredryandbrittle.crackv.tobreakwithoutdividingintoseparateparts;tobreaksth.inthisway(使)開裂，破裂e.g.Don'tputboilingwaterintheglassoritwillcrack.Shefellandcrackedaboneinherleg.DetailedStudy11)

(Para.5)In1934,anItalianengineerdrilled361holesintothebaseandfilledthemwithmortar.【譯文】1934年，有個意大利建筑師在塔底鉆了361個孔，并在其中灌入灰泥。drillv.(1)

tomakeaholeinsth.usingadrill鉆洞，打孔e.g.Thefarmersdrilledwellsforwater.They'redrillinganewtunnelundertheThames.(2)

totrainstudentssportsplayersetc.bymakingthemrepeatthesamelesson,exercise,etc.manytimes訓(操)練e.g.Theteacherdrilledtheclassinpronunciation.Thewell-drilledcrewmanagedtorescuemostofthepassengers.DetailedStudy12)

(Para.5)Theyfrozethegroundusingliquidnitrogen,tostopitmoving,andthenstartedtoremovestones,sotheycouldinsertmetalrods.【譯文】他們先用液化氮冷凍地基防止塔身移動，然后將地基中的石塊挖出以便插人金屬杠。freezev.(1)

tobecomehard,ortochangefromliquidtosolid,asaresultofextremecold;tomakesth.dothis使凍結，凝固e.g.Thecoldweatherfrozethelake.Theclotheswerefrozenonthewashing-line.(2)

tostopmovingsuddenlybecauseoffear,etc.驚(嚇)呆e.g.Iheardasoundandfrozeinmytracks.Shefrozehernoisychildrenwithasinglelook.Thepoliceofficershouted“Freeze!"andthemandroppedthegun.DetailedStudy12)

(Para.5)Theyfrozethegroundusingliquidnitrogen,tostopitmoving,andthenstartedtoremovestones,sotheycouldinsertmetalrods.【譯文】他們先用液化氮冷凍地基防止塔身移動，然后將地基中的石塊挖出以便插人金屬杠。insertv.(1)toputsth.insideorintosth.else插人e.g.Theyinsertedatubeinhismouthtohelphimbreathe.(2)toaddsth.tothemiddleofadocumentorpieceofwriting(在文章中)插入，添寫e.g.Thebookwouldbeimprovedbyinsertinganotherchapter.n.thinginserted,especiallyanadditionalsectioninabook,newspaper,etc.插入物(尤指書、報等的插頁)e.g.Themagazinecontainsaspecialinsertaboutholidaysabroad.DetailedStudy13)

(Para.5)Thatisthenearestthetowerhascometodisaster:Thatwastheclosestthetowercametobeingdestroyed.【譯文】那是斜塔最危險的一次遭遇，整個塔差一點就毀了。cometo

todevelopsothataparticularsituationexists,usuallyabadone發(fā)展至e.g.Thedoctorswilloperateifitprovesnecessarybutitmaynotcometothat.Allthoseyearsofstudying,andintheenditallcametonothing.14)(Para.5)Inonenighttheleanincreasedasmuchasitnormallyincreasesintwoyears:Overnight,theleangrewtoanextentwhichwouldtaketwoyearstoreachatthenormalrate.【譯文】一夜之間塔身傾斜到按理兩年后才會達到的斜度。asmuchas(1)多達……，達到……那種程度(表具體數(shù)量，后常跟具體數(shù)量詞)e.g.Infactitcostsmeasmuchas2,000dollars,whichismymonthlysalary.Shetrainedhardfortherace,sometimesrunningasmuchas100milesaweek.(2)幾乎等于，和……差不多(表模糊數(shù)量，通常不跟具體數(shù)量詞)e.g.Ihaven'tgotasmuchmoneyasIthought.

Ifyouchargeasmuchasthat,youwillscareawaythecustomers.DetailedStudy15)(Para.6)Atthispointeveryonewasjustaboutreadytogiveup.ThenaBritishengineeringprofessorcameupwithyetanotheridea.【譯文】就在大家要放棄時，一位英國工程師又提出了一個建議。16)

(Para.6)AtthebeginningofJune2001,theworkwascomplete,andthetowerhadbeenstraightenedupbyabout16inches,whichreturnsittothepositionitheldin1838:TheprojectwasfinishedatthebeginningofJune2001,andthetowerhasbeenstraightenedupbyabout16inches,returningittothepositionof1838.【譯文】2001年6月初，工程竣工時塔體得以矯正約16英寸，恢復到了1838年時的狀態(tài)。該句是一個并列句，主句是“theworkwascomplete”和“thetowerhadbeenstraightenedupby...”。第二個主句后跟的介詞短語“byabout16inches”用來說明塔被矯正的程度，“which”引導的非限制性定語從句用來說明這次校正的成功之處。cometoDetailedStudystraightenv.(1)(~out)

tobecomestraight.ortomakesth.

straightorflat把……弄直，變直e.g.Hestraightenedthebentstrip.Eventhoughhetried,hecouldn'tstraightenouttherug.(2)(~up)

tomakesb.

orsth.straightandupright變(挺)直e.g.

Asshestraightenedup,theacheinherbackgrewworse.Hemanagedtostraightenupwithanairofstudiedeaseandcourage.(2)(~up)

tomakesth.

tidy整(清)理e.g.

Imuststraightenupthisroom,myguestsarecoming.holdv.

keep(oneself/sb./sth.)inthespecifiedpositionorcondition使……保持在某一位置或某種狀況e.g.

Weusedrolled-upnewspaperstoholdthewindowsopen.Remembertoholdyourheadupandkeepyourbackstraight.Liftyourheadoffthefloorandholdthispositionforfiveseconds.DetailedStudy

17)(Para.6)So,iftheyknowhowwhydidn'ttheyjuststraightenitupalltheway?Theanswerliesinthetower'sname:Iftheyknowthesolutionwhydidn'ttheystraightenitupcompletely?Thekeyrestswithitsname.【譯文】可他們要是知道如何矯正斜塔的話，為什么不干脆將它完全豎直呢？答案在于此塔的名字。

alltheway(1)(tocontinueanaction)untilcompleted;(togo)thewholedistance自始至終，一直e.g.Shedidn'tspeakawordtomeallthewaybackhome.Thetworunnerscontestedtheracecloselyanditwasnipandtuckalltheway.(2)completely完全地e.g.Youcanfeelthattheaudienceiswithheralltheway./I'llbackyouupalltheway.18)

(Para.6)SomeoftheresidentsofPisasayitwouldbebettertoletitfalldown,ratherthantostraightenitalltheway:SomeofthecitizensofPisawouldratherletitcollapsethancompletelystraightenit.【譯文】一些比薩市民認為，與其不斷嘗試矯正塔身不如任其倒塌。StructureStudyFromword&sentencetotextSTRUCTURESTUDY

SummaryoftheTextDirections:Thetextcanbedividedintofourparts.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromthetexttocompletethemainideaofeachpart.PartsParagraphsMainIdeasPart1Para.1Afterbeing1)closed

tothepublicfor11years,thefamousleaningtowerofPisa—anoutstandingexampleofRomanesque2)architecture

hasbeencorrectedalittle,butnot3)entirely.Part2Para.2Theconstructionwasbegunin1173withthemoneydonatedbyBertadiBernadotobuildabelltowerto4)accompany

thecathedral,andwascompletedin1350afterseveralstopsbecauseoftheinvolvementofalotof5)wars.Part3Paras.3—4Becausethetowerwasbuilton6)unsuitable

ground,itwasleaningonly5yearsafterworkonthebuildingbegan.Luckily,ithasn’tfallenduetothegreatlengthof7)time

spentonconstructionandthematerialitisbuiltfrom.Part4Paras.5—6Afterseveral8)disastrous

attemptsatstoppingthetowerfrom9)falling,aBritishengineeringprofessorcameupwithanotheridea-removinggroundfromunderthe10highside.Finallythetowerhadbeenstraighteneduptosomedegree.DetailedStudy

Directions:Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.1)F

TheLeaningTowerofPisawasdeliberatelybuilttoleantowinworld-widefame.2)

T

TheconstructionoftheLeaningTowerofPisawashaltedseveraltimesbecauseofwars.3)T

TheLeaningTowerofPisastartedtoleanbecauseitwasbuiltonanunevengeographicalstructure

madeupofsandandclay.4)F

PeopletriedthreetimestocorrecttheleaningofthePisaTowerfrom1934to1995,butnothingworked

atall.5)

T

Accordingtothewriter,thelatestattempttocorrecttheleaningofthetowerfrom1999didn'tstraighten

itupcompletelybecausepeopledidn'twantitto.03After-readingAfter-reading點擊此處輸入文字內容KeystoExercisesAfter-readingActivityKeystoExercisesKeytoExercises—Vocabulary1.1)noticeably2)busload

3)

parallel

4)residents5)architect6)inserting 7)straightening

8)promptly

9)compresses10)circular2.1)Germanywasatwarwithmostofthecountriesintheworld.2)Thetwolinesareparallelwitheachother.3)Youreyesshouldbelevelwiththetopofthescreen.4)Helefthisjoblargelyduetothefactthathewashomesick.

5)Socialreformerssometimescomeupwithsomeblue-skythoughts.6)Mydogwalkedbesidemeallthewaytotheriverside.KeystoExercisesKeytoExercises—Structure1.1)Itisestimatedthatthetreeisatleast700yearsold.2)Itwasestimatedthatthefilmcost25milliondollarstomake.3)Itwasestimatedthatthecostofrepairswas150dollars.4)Itisestimatedthatbetween70and90percentofcarcrimesoccurinthedaytime.5)Itisestimatedthatitisabout200mileslong.6)Itwasestimatedthathisincomewasabout$80,000dollarsayear.2.1)onlyreflectingthesunlightshiningonit2)theeggsheldcarefullyinherhand3)Circumstanceschanged4)Havingconsideredboththebrightsideandthedarkside5)Allflightsbeing/havingbeencancelledbecauseofthesnowstormKeystoExercisesKeytoExercises—Cloze1)E2)I3)F4)K5)G6)D7)L8)J9)N10)CKeytoExercises—TranslationTheLeaningTowerofPisaisoneofthemosticonicarchitecturallandmarksintheworld.TheRomanesquetowerofthePisaCathedralhasbeensinkingintothegroundsinceitsconstruction,causingittonoticeablyleantooneside.ThousandsofvisitorstraveltoPisaeveryyearforaglimpseofthefamousstructure.ThoughtheTowerhadbeenclosedtovisitorsduringthe1990s,successfulrenovationallowedofficialstoreopenitin2001.After-readingActivityActivityOne:TalkingaboutPicturesDirections:Architectureiscomparedtomusicinspace,whichreflectstheculture,valuesandhistoryofacountry.Whenwetalkaboutfamousarchitectureintheworld,whatimagescomeintoyourmind?Arethey

amongthefollowingpictures?Talkaboutthefollowingpictures,andsharewhatyouknowaboutthem

withyourclassmates.After-readingActivityActivityTwo:PairWorkDirections:Beijing,anintegralpartofChina'shistoryforcenturies,isrenownedforitsopulentpalacesandtemples.Buttheearly21stcenturyhaswitnessedtremendousgrowthofnewbuildingconstructions,whichbringsamixtureofbotholdandnewstylesofarchitecture.ButifaskedtochooseonlyonlyonearchitecturetorepresentBeijing,whichonewouldyouchoose?TheForbiddenCity,theGreatWall,theBirdsNestortheBeijingNationalTheatre?Discusswithyourpartnerandpresentyourideasinclass.After-readingActivityActivityThree:GroupWorkDirections:Inthe21stcentury,Chinaisfacingthecollisionandfusionbetweenlocalandforeigncultures,andthatbetweenmodernityandtradition.Architecturewithitsdistinctiveculturalnatureisinvoluntarilydrivenalongwithalltheothersbythiswave.So,doyouthinkmodemarchitecturecanexistinharmonywithtraditionalarchitecture?Whatshouldbegivenpriority,thepreservationofChinesetraditionalarchitectureortheconstructionofmodembuildings?Andwhy?04AdditionalMaterialsAdditionalMaterialsActivityOneActivityTwoBackgroundInformationDirections:Thepicturesbelowmustbefamiliartoyou.Theyarethemostrecognizableimagesofthemodernworldandthemostphotographed.Let’sworktogethertofindouttheirnamesandlocations,aswellastheyeartheywereconstructed.Feelfreetoshareanythingyouknowaboutthem.ActivityOneActivityOneTips:Colosseum

(Rome),

80ADSydneyOperaHouse,1973St.

Paul’sCathedral,London,

1708LeaningTowerofPisa,

1372PetronasTower,KualaLumpur,1996TajMahal,India,1648ActivityTwoDirections:Architectureistheartoftellingstories.Sometimes,thestoryofwhathappenedinthatbuildingalsobecomespartofthebuilding.Youmightbefamiliarwiththefollowingcartoon.Workwithyourpartnertoreceivewhathappenedthatday.Tips:Accordingtothetraditionalaccount,torefutetheAristoteliannotionthatheavierobjectsfallfasterthanlightones,GalieoperformedanexperimentfromthetopoftheleaningtowerofPisa.Hedroppedtwospheresofdifferentweightandobservedthatbothhitthegroundatthesametime.Galileocorrectlyreasonedthatwhenanobjectfallsmoreslowly,itisduetoairresistance.

BackgroundInformation1.TheLeaningTowerofPisaTheLeaningTowerofPisa,orsimplyTheTowerofPisa,isthecampanile,orfreestandingbelltower,ofthecathedraloftheItaliancityofPisa.Itissituat