GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷1（共244題）

GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷1

（共9套）

（共244題）

GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷第1

套

一、閱讀（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Caffeine,Ilicslimuiaiilinuuffee,hasbeencalled"themustwidelyusedpsyuhuaulivc

substanceonEarth."Syn-der,DalyandBrunshaverecentlypro-posedthatcaffeine

affectsbehaviorbycounteringtheactivityinthehumanbrainofanaturallyoccurring

chemicalcalledadenosine.Adenosinenormallydepressesneuronfiringinmanyareasof

thebrain.Itapparentlydoesthisbyinhibitingthereleaseofneurotransmitters,chemicals

thatcarrynerveimpulsesfromoneneurontothenext.Likemanyotheragentsthataffect

neuronfiring,adenosinemustfirstbindtospecificreceptorsonneuronalmembranes.

Thereareatleasttwoclassesofthesereceptors,whichhavebeendesignatedAlandA2.

Snyderetalproposethatcaffeine,whichisstructurallysimilartoadenosine,isableto

bindtobothtypesofreceptors,whichpreventsadenosinefromattachingthereandallows

theneuronstofiremorereadilythantheyoth-erwisewould.Formanyyears,caffeine's

effectshavebeenattributedtoitsinhibitionoftheproductionofphosphodiesterase,an

enzymethatbreaksdownthechemicalcalledcyclicAMP.Anumberof

neurotransmittersexerttheireffectsbyfirstincreasingcyclicAMPconcentrationsin

targetneurons.Therefore,prolongedperiodsattheelevatedconcentrations,asmightbe

broughtaboutbyaphosphodiesteraseinhibitor,couldleadtoagreateramountofneuron

firingand,consequently,tobehavioralstimulation.ButSnyderetalpointoutthatthe

caf-feineconcentrationsneededtoinhibittheproductionofphosphodiesteraseinthe

brainaremuchhigherthanthosethatproducestimulation.Moreover,othercompounds

thatblockphosphodi-esterase'sactivityarenotstimulants.Tobuttresstheircasethat

caffeineactsinsteadbypreventingadenosinebinding,Snyderetalcomparedthe

stimulatoryeffectsofaseriesofcaffeinederivativeswiththeirabilitytodislodge

adenosinefromitsreceptorsinthebrainsofmice."Ingeneral,"theyreported,"theability

ofthecompoundstocompetealthereceptorscorrelateswiththeirabilitytostimulate

locomotioninthemouse;i.e.,thehighertheircapacitytobindatthereceptors,the

highertheirabilitytostimulatelocomotion.*'Theophylline,aclosestructuralrelativeof

caffeineandthemajorstimulantintea,wasoneofthemosteffectivecompoundsinboth

regards.Thereweresomeapparentexceptionstothegeneralcorrelationobserved

betweenadenosine-receptorbindingandstimulation.Oneofthesewasacompound

called3-isobutyl-l-methylxan-thine(IBMX),whichboundverywellbutactually

depressedmouselocomo-lion.Snyderetalsuggestthatthisisnotamajorstumbling

blocktotheirhypothesis.Theproblemisthatthecompoundhasmixedeffectsinthe

brain,anotunusualoccurrencewithpsychoac-tivedrugs.Evencaffeine,whichis

generallyknownonlyforitsstimulatoryeffects,displaysthisproperty,depressingmouse

locomotionatverylowconcentrationsandstimulatingitathigherones.

1、Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A、discussaplanforinvestigationofaphenomenonthatisnotyetfullyunderstood.

B、presenttwoexplanationsofaphenomenonandreconcilethedifferencesbetween

them.

C、summarizetwotheoriesandsuggestathirdtheorythatovercomestheproblems

encounteredinthefirsttwo.

D^describeanalternativehypothesisandprovideevidenceandargumentsthatsupport

it.

E、challengethevalidityofatheorybyexposingtheinconsistenciesandcontradictions

init.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：主題題型：A.討論一個(gè)考察現(xiàn)在還未被完全理解的現(xiàn)象的計(jì)劃，

無。B.給出對一現(xiàn)象的兩種解釋，并調(diào)和兩者差異。文中沒有調(diào)和內(nèi)容。Snyder

等人的看法和以前的看法自始至終是對立的。C.給出兩種理論的總結(jié)，然后遇出

能解決前兩個(gè)理論所遇到的問題的第三種理論。文中無第三種理論。D.正確,描

述一個(gè)替代的設(shè)想并給出證據(jù)和論證過程。Snyder等人的理論就是他們代替不正

確的長久以來看法的替弋理論，作者提到了證據(jù)，并給出了Snyder等人論證老理

論為非，以及一個(gè)例外并不能影響其理論有效性的過程。E.挑戰(zhàn)一個(gè)理論有效

性，指出其內(nèi)部矛盾。Snyder等人在論證老理論為非時(shí)，并沒有指出其內(nèi)部的矛

盾。

2、Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakenthetheoryproposedbySnyderet

al?

A、Atverylowconcentrationsinthehumanbrain,bothcaffeineandtheophyllinetend

tohavedepressiveratherthanstimulatoryeffectsonhumanbehavior.

B、Theabilityofcaffeinederivativesatverylowconcentrationstodislodgeadenosine

fromitsreceptorsinmousebrainscorrelateswellwiththeirabilitytostimulatemouse

locomotionattheselowconcentrations.

C、TheconcentrationofcyclicAMPintargetneuronsinthehumanbrainthatleadsto

increasedneuronfiringcanbeproducedbyseveraldifferentphosphodiesteraseinhibitors

inadditiontocaffeine.

D^Theconcentrationofcaffeinerequiredtodislodgeadenosinefromitsreceptorsinthe

humanbrainismuchgreaterthantheconcentrationthatproducesbehavioralstimulation

inhumans.

E、TheconcentrationofIBMXrequiredtodislodgeadenosinefromitsreceptorsin

mousebrainsismuchsmallerthantheconcentrationthatstimulateslocomotioninthe

mouse.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)成立的話，會削弱Snyder等人的理論?有邏輯意味的題，他

們的理論是：咖啡因通過抑制腺背而引起興奮，應(yīng)該從此處進(jìn)行反駁。A.在低含

量時(shí)，咖啡因和ph都對人行為有抑制而不是興奮作用。ph有無此作用，原文未

提，咖啡因有，在第四段。但這樣不能削弱Snyder等人的觀點(diǎn)，Snyder對此做了

解釋。B.咖啡因衍生物在低含量時(shí)，去除附著在感受器上的腺首的能力和激發(fā)老

鼠的運(yùn)動的能力一致。這是符合第二段Snyder等人論證自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)所做實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)

果的。C.AMP的含量升高除了咖啡因還和其他抑制ph的物質(zhì)有關(guān)。這是老觀點(diǎn)

的內(nèi)容，和Snyder等人觀點(diǎn)無關(guān)。D.正確?？Х纫蛞脒_(dá)到抑制腺營的濃度要

比它引起興奮的濃度高得多。這就割斷了抑制腺昔和引起興奮的聯(lián)系，有趣的是，

原文Snyder也是用同樣的方法來反駁老觀點(diǎn)L39-43,可謂“以其人之道還治其人

之身”。E.IBMX移去感受器上腺首所需劑量要比刺激老鼠運(yùn)動的劑量小得多。這

個(gè)事實(shí)說明造成興奮很有可能是抑制腺昔引起的，和題干要求相反。

3、AccordingtoSnyderelal,caffeinediffersfromadenosineinthatcaffeine

A、stimulatesbehaviorinthemouseandinhumans,whereasadenosinestimulates

behaviorinhumansonly.

B、hasmixedeffectsinthebrain,whereasadenosinehasonlyastimulatoryeffect.

C^increasescyclicAMPconcentrationsintargetneurons,whereasadenosinedecreases

suchconcentrations.

D、permitsreleaseofneurotransmitterswhenitisboundtoadenosinereceptors,whereas

adenosineinhibitssuchrelease.

E、inhibitsbothneuronfiringandtheproductionofphosphodiesterasewhenthereisa

sufficientconcentrationinthebrain,whereasadenosineinhibitsonlyneuronfiring.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D「

知識點(diǎn)解析：Snyder等人認(rèn)為，咖啡因和腺甘的區(qū)別在十：A.咖啡因使人鼠共同

興奮，腺昔只能使人興有。顯然無。B.咖啡因在神經(jīng)中有多種作用，腺昔只有興

奮作用。前半句對，后半句說反了，腺甘抑制神經(jīng)興奮。C.咖啡因增加神經(jīng)元中

AMP含量，腺甘減少這種含量。腺昔根本和AMP無關(guān)。D.正確。當(dāng)咖啡因附著

在腺昔的受體上時(shí)，會促成神經(jīng)元傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì)的釋放，而腺首抑制此種作用。見原文

L19-25,咖啡因附著服許受體上阻止腺甘附著。因此它肯定會促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元傳導(dǎo)物

質(zhì)的釋放。

4、InresponsetoexperimentalresultsconcerningIBMX,Snyderetalcontendedthatit

isnotuncommonforpsychoactivedrugstohave

A、mixedeffectsinthebrain.

B、inhibitoryeffectsonenzymesinthebrain.

C、closestructuralrelationshipswithcaffeine.

D、depressiveeffectsonmouselocomotion.

E、theabilitytodislodgecaffeinefromreceptorsinthebrain.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：對于IBMX說出的（異常的）實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，Synder等人指出精神興奮藥具

有以下哪種特點(diǎn)并不稀奇?A.正確。在腦神經(jīng)中的混合作用。見原文L72—75。

B.對腦神經(jīng)中酶的抑制作用。未提。C.和咖啡因結(jié)構(gòu)相似。未提。D.對老鼠

抑制運(yùn)動。僅說IBMX有此特點(diǎn)，不能推而廣之至一般興奮藥。E.將咖啡因從腦

神經(jīng)受體上移去。無。

5、ThepassagesuggeststhatSnyderetalbelievethatiftheoldertheoryconcerning

caffeine^effectswerecorrect,whichofthefollowingwouldhavetobethecase?I.All

neurotransmitterswouldincreasetheshort-termconcentrationofcyclicAMPintarget

neurons.II.Substancesotherthancaffeinethatinhibittheproductionof

phosphodiesterasewouldbestimulants.Ill.Allconcentrationlevelsofcaffeinethatarc

highenoughtoproducestimulationwouldalsoinhibittheproductionof

phosphodiesterase.

A^Ionly

B、IandIIonly

C、IandIIIonly

D^IIandIIIonly

E、I,IIandIII

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：如果老理論正確，下面哪種情況會發(fā)生?Snyder等人在文中第二段

L39T5為論證老理論為非提到兩條證據(jù)，如果老理論是對的，這兩條證據(jù)就不可

能成立。I.所有神經(jīng)元傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì)將升高神經(jīng)元中AMP的短期含量。所有（疝），在

文中無法找到，L30anumberofo口.正確。除咖啡因以外，能抑制ph產(chǎn)生的，

也應(yīng)是興奮劑。DI.正確。所有能達(dá)到興奮劑量的咖啡因也應(yīng)同時(shí)能抑制ph的產(chǎn)

生。.2口和m

6、AccordingloSnyderclal,allof（hufulluwing（joinpuuiidscanbindlospeuifiu

receptorsinthebrainEXCEPT

A、IBMX.

B、caffeine.

C、adenosine.

D、theophylline.

E、phosphodiesterase.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：以Snyder等人的觀點(diǎn)，下面哪一項(xiàng)不能附著在腦神經(jīng)特殊受體上?按

原文L19—22,咖啡因和腺昔可以附著。，B、C去掉而AIBMX,Dtheophylline都

是咖口非因的衍生物。，只有E,ph不能附著。

7、Snyderetalsuggestthatcaffbine'sabilitytobindtoAlandA2receptorscanbeat

leastpartiallyattributedtowhichofthefollowing?

A^Thechemicalrelationshipbetweencaffeineandphosphodiesterase.

B>Thestructuralrelationshipbetweencaffeineandadenosine.

C、Thestructuralsimilaritybetweencaffeineandneurotransmitters.

D^Theabilityofcaffeinetostimulatebehavior.

E、Thenaturaloccurrenceofcaffeineandadenosineinthebrain.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：咖啡因能附著在Al、A2兩個(gè)受體之上至少可以部分地歸因于：

A.提到ph,是老觀點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，必錯(cuò)，和Al、A2根本無關(guān)。B.正確?？Х纫蚝拖?/p>

昔之間結(jié)構(gòu)上的相似性。見原文L19—22。C.咖啡因和神經(jīng)元傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的

相似性。本文無。D.咖啡因的興奮作用。因果倒置，是咖啡因附著在受體上的能

力導(dǎo)致其興奮作用。E.naiuraloccurrence文中只提到腺首是這樣(L7—8),咖啡因

沒有提到。

8、TheauthorquotesSnyderctalinlines52-59mostprobablyinorderto

A、revealsomeoftheassumptionsunderlyingtheirtheory.

B、summarizeamajorfindingoftheirexperiments.

C、pointoutthattheirexperimentswerelimitedtothemouse.

D、indicatethattheirexperimentsresultedonlyingeneralcorrelations.

E、refutetheobjectionsmadebysupportersoftheoldertheory.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識點(diǎn)解析：作者在L52—59引用Snyder等人的話是為了：A.揭示其理論暗含

的假設(shè)。無。B.正確。總結(jié)其實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要結(jié)果。文章此處正是說明這些人檢驗(yàn)咖

啡因衍生物附著在受體上的能力和其引起興奮能力的關(guān)系。C.指出其實(shí)驗(yàn)只適用

于老鼠。無。D.指出其實(shí)驗(yàn)只是大致關(guān)系結(jié)果。無。E.駁斥舊理論支持人的反

對。此處是他們自己陳述，不是在反駁別人。

9、Thelastparagraphofthepassageperformswhichofthefollowingfunctions?

A、Describesadisconfirmingexperimentalresultandreportstheexplanationgivenby

Snyderetalinanattempttoreconcilethisresultwiththeirtheory.

B、SpecifiesthebasisforthecorrelationobservedbySnyderctalandpresentsan

explanationinanattempttomakethecorrelationconsistentwiththeoperationof

psychoactivedrugsotherthancaffeine.

C、ElaboratesthedescriptionofthecorrelationobservedbySnyderetalandsuggestsan

additionalexplanationinanattempttomakethecorrelationconsistentwiththeolder

theory.

D、ReportsinconsistentexperimentaldataanddescribesthemethodSnyderetalwill

usetoreanalyzethisdata.

E、ProvidesanexampleofthehypothesisproposedbySnyderetalandrelatesthis

exampletocaffbine'sproperties.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：最后一段起什么作用：A.正確。描述了一個(gè)不支持（其觀點(diǎn)的）實(shí)驗(yàn)

結(jié)果，并且給出了Snyder等人試圖使這個(gè)結(jié)果和其觀點(diǎn)相一致所做的解釋。IBMX

的結(jié)果是一個(gè)例外，Syndcr等人將這種現(xiàn)象解釋為在精神興奮藥中，混合現(xiàn)象是

常出現(xiàn)的。B.“咖啡因之外的精神興奮藥”。未提。C.“使這種觀點(diǎn)和老理論一

致未提。D.沒有“reanalyzethisdata”。E.給出Snyder等人假設(shè)的一例子。此

段IBMX例子和Snyder等人設(shè)想的主要內(nèi)容是不相符的。

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.

Onlypaltrysumsarcavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingthe

resultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpriceless

objectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuse-

um-qualitypiecesbeingsoldlothehighestbidder.Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageous

suggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamount

ofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsand

governmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswould

providesubstan-tialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesand

thepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgrip

onthemarket,therebyde-creasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.You

mightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,

ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforall

toappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartistic

meritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreply,everythingthatcomesoutoftheground

hasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectin

claimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificval-ue.Practically,youarewrong.1

refertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicates

ofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeolo-gistsrecentlyuncovered

2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyal

sealimpressionsknownas1'melekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance-morethan

4,000examplessofar.Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostore

theartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeven

tocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessible

asiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifacts

couldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Prior

tosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedon

thecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshould

becomeneededforscientificpurposes.Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegal

diggingwouldstopifarti-factsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandforthe

clandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpot

whenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstrati-

graphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

10^Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose

A、analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts.

B、awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession.

C^awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthose(hathavenosuchvalue.

D、thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites.

E、anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」「

知識點(diǎn)解析：主題題型：A.博物館展出文物的替代方式。無。B.正確。阻止非

法發(fā)掘并且對考古事業(yè)有益的方法。文章第一段就指出，現(xiàn)在考古界有兩個(gè)問題，

一為錢少，二為有非法開掘，作者后面的論述就是針對這兩個(gè)問題給出解決的方

案。C.區(qū)分有無科學(xué)價(jià)值的文物的方法。文章第四段順帶提了一下這個(gè)問題，但

不是全文的重要內(nèi)容。D.對考古地點(diǎn)的政府控制°無。E.給復(fù)制品文物分類的

方法。無。

11、Theauthorimpliesthatallofthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsare

trueEXCEPT:

A^Amarketforsuchanifactsalreadyexists.

B、Suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue.

C、Thereislikelytobeacontinuingsupplyofsuchartifacts.

D^Museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts.

E、Suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseum

collections.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：以下關(guān)于文物復(fù)制品的觀點(diǎn)，作者哪個(gè)不會同意?A.這些藝術(shù)品的

市場已經(jīng)存在了。第一段就指出，非法開掘者出售它們。B.這些文物很少有科學(xué)

價(jià)值°L33—36作者給出的解決辦法就是出售無科學(xué)價(jià)值的文物，而文物復(fù)制品是

他所給的具體方案。C.會有繼續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能。L51-54,博物館將來可能會裝不

下那么多屬于此類的繼續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物。D.博物館已有大量的此種文物。從第五段

的情況可以推出。E.正確。這些文物的質(zhì)量常能超出博物館所藏的已分門別類的

文物。作者之所以同意出售它們，就是因?yàn)槠滟|(zhì)量不高，不值得件件保存。

12、Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoring

artifactsinmuseumbasements?

A、Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B、Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupfbrstorage.

C、Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D、Suchartifactsareoftendamagdedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

E、Suchartifacts,oftenremainuncata-loguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyare

putinstorage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識之解析：哪一點(diǎn)是文中所提的在博物館儲存文物的弊端?A.官員不許學(xué)者接

近這些文物。無。B.本來可以用作展出的地方，被用來儲存。無。C.一次發(fā)掘

出的文物常分開。無。D.文物經(jīng)常被濕度、溫度變化損壞。無。E.正確。這些

文物常常不被分門歸類，而且入臧之后，常就找不到了。原文L54—58。

13、TheauthormentionstheexcavationinCyprus(lines43-50)toemphasizewhichof

thefollowingpoints?

A^Ancientlampsandpotteryvesselsarelessvaluable,althoughmorerare,thanroyal

sealimpressions.

B>Artifactsthatareverysimilartoeachotherpresentcataloguingdifficultiesto

archaeologists.

C^Artifactsthatarenotuniquelyvaluable,andthereforecouldbesold,areavailablein

largequantities.

D、Cyprusisthemostimportantlocationforunearthinglargequantitiesofsalable

artifacts.

E^Illegalsalesofduplicateartifactsarewidespread,particularlyontheislandof

Cyprus.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：作者在L43—50提到塞浦路斯的一次發(fā)掘是為了：A.lamps,

vessels和sea】在原文都是同一，性質(zhì)的例證。B.cataloguingdifficulties在這一段沒

有提到。C.正確。沒有獨(dú)特價(jià)值可被出售的文物，數(shù)量很多。作者舉這個(gè)發(fā)丸的

例子就是為了說明成千上萬個(gè)復(fù)制出的文物，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)價(jià)值不是很豐富。

D.mostimportantlocation在原文沒有。E.非法出售文物復(fù)制品的行為很猖獗，

尤其是在塞浦路斯。無。

14、Theauthor,sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicate

artifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

A、Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B、Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C、Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D、Illegalexcavatorswouldbeforcedtosellonlyduplicateartifacts.

E、Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateand

prosecuteillegalexcavators.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：作者在出售文物復(fù)制品對非法發(fā)掘造成的影響的論證中做了哪一假

設(shè)?assumption類型邏輯題。作者推論，有標(biāo)有明碓年代的合法文物出售，人們對

無標(biāo)志產(chǎn)品需求將減少。A.正確。買主都更喜歡買真文物。正是指出了這一推理

中的潛在假設(shè)。B.非法開掘的文物會漲價(jià)。無。C.計(jì)算機(jī)跟蹤已售出文物。這

是作者肯定的事實(shí)。D.非法盜掘者將被迫出售復(fù)制文物。無。E.賣真文物的錢

可被用來調(diào)查，檢舉非法開掘。無。

15、Theauthoranticipateswhichofthelollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhis

proposal?

A、Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

BNAnoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C、Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivate

collectors.

D、Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

E、Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：作者預(yù)期反對他的人會提出哪條意見?A.博物館官員將會不愿儲存

文物。無。B.作者沒有提到“供過于求”問題。C.正確。那些本有可能向公眾展

出的文物會賣給私人收藏者。D.非法開掘?qū)⒛芴峁└嘭浽?。無。E.未提“偽造

藝術(shù)品問題

16、Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifacts

weresoldontheopenmarket?I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

ILCypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.III.

Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequently

thantheycurrentlydo.

A、Ionly

R、IIIonly

C>IandIIonly

D、IIandIIIonly

E、I,IIandIII

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析?：如果文物公開出售，會有哪種情況發(fā)生?公開出售文物，是本文作者

給考古學(xué)面臨的難題開出的藥方，當(dāng)然作者是認(rèn)為此看法能使第一段所說的難題迎

刃而解了。另外，在L19—26也對它的作用給出了明確表述。I.非法開掘?qū)⒆罱K

停止。作者在L68—70說，指望能讓非法開掘停止是不切實(shí)際的。H.primary

source原文推不出。HI.正確。考古學(xué)將比以前更有可能多出版一些他們的成果

了。J.B.IHonlyo

Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960swhentheSmallBusiness

Administration(SBA)beganmakingfederallyguaranteedloansandgovernment-

sponsoredmanagementandtechnicalassistanceavailabletominoritybusiness

enterprises.Whilethisprogramenabledmanyminorityentrepreneurstoformnew

businesses,theresultsweredisappointing,sincemanagerialinexperience,unfavorable

locations,andcapitalshortagesledtohighfailurerates.Even15yearsaftertheprogram

wasimplemented,minoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquiteIwopercentofthenational

economy'stotalreceipts.Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproach

intendedtoacceler-atedevelopmentoftheminoritybusinesssectorbymovingaway

fromdirectlyaidingsmallminorityenterprisesandtowardsupportinglarger,growth-

orientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarycompanies.Inthisapproach,large

corporationsparticipateinthedevelopmentofsuccessfulandstableminoritybusinesses

bymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.Thecapitalisusedbya

participatingcompanytoestablishaMinorityEnterpriseSmallBusinessInvestment

CompanyorMESBIC.TheMESBICthenprovidescapitalandguidancetominority

businessesthathavepotentialtobecomefuturesuppliersorcustomersofthesponsoring

company.MESBIC'saretheresultofthebeliefthatprovidingestablishedfirmswith

easieraccesstorelevantmanagementtechniquesandmorejob-specificexperience,as

wellassubslanlialainuuiilsufcapital,giveslliuscfirmsagreaterupporlunilylodevelop

soundbusinessfoundationsthandoessimplymakinggeneralmanagementexperience

andsmallamountsofcapitalavailable.Further,sincepotentialmarketsfortheminority

businessesalreadyexistthroughthesponsoringcompanies,theminoritybusinessesface

considerablylessriskintermsoflocationandmarketfluctuation.Followingearly

financialandoperatingproblems,sponsoringcorporationsbegantocapitalizeMESBIC's

farabovethelegalminimumof$500,000inordertogeneratesufficientincomeandto

sustainthequalityofmanagementneeded.MESBIC'sarcnowemergingasin-crcasingly

importantfinancingsourcesforminorityenterprises.Ironically,MESBICstaffs,which

usuallyconsistofHispanicandBlackprofessionals,tendtoapproachinvest-meritsin

minorityfirmsmorepragmaticallythandomanyMESBICdirectors,whoareusually

seniormanagersfromsponsoringcorporations.Thelatteroftenstillthinkmainlyinterms

ofthe"socialresponsibilityapproach"andthusseemtopreferdealsthatareriskierand

lessattractivethannormalinvestmentcriteriawouldwarrant.Suchdifferencesin

viewpointhaveproduceduneasinessamongmanyminoritystaffmembers,whofeelthat

minorityentrepreneursandbusinessesshouldbejudgedbyestablishedbusiness

considerations.Thesestaffmembersbelievetheirpointofviewisclosertotheoriginal

philosophyofMESBIC'sandtheyareconcernedthat,unlessamoreprudentcourseis

followed,MESBICdirectorsmayreverttopolicieslikelytorecreatethedisap-pointing

resultsoftheoriginalSBAapproach.

17、Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

A、TheuseofMESBIC'sforaidingminorityentrepreneursseemstohavegreater

potentialforsuccessthandoestheoriginalSBAapproach.

B、Thereisacrucialdifferenceinpointofviewbetweenthestaffanddirectorsofsome

MESBIC's.

C、Afterinitialproblemswithmanagementandmarketing,minoritybusinesseshave

beguntoexpandatasteadyrate.

D^Minorityentrepreneurswishingtoformnewbusinessesnowhaveseveralequally

successfulfederalprogramsonwhichtorely.

E、Forthefirstlimesince1960,largecorporationsaremakingsignificantcontributions

tothedevelopmentofminoritybusinesses.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：本文中心思想（主題題型）：A.正確。MESBIC用來資助少數(shù)民族企

業(yè)似乎比原來的SBA更有成功可能。符合原文?？傮w態(tài)度：先給出SBA失敗結(jié)

果，再詳細(xì)敘述MESBIC的運(yùn)作，最后指出，MESBIC是有前途的。L33—37,

C.錯(cuò)在“expandalasteadyrate”，文中并未指出現(xiàn)在少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的狀態(tài)。D.錯(cuò)

ffi^severalequallysuccessfillfederalprograms'*,文中無。E."firsttime”不正確。文

中并未指出這是第一次出現(xiàn)大企業(yè)為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。

18、Accordingtothepassage,theMESBICapproachdiffersfromtheSBAapproachin

thatMESBIC's

A、seekfederalcontractstoprovidemarketsforminoritybusinesses.

B、encourageminoritybusinessestoprovidemarketsforotherminoritybusinesses.

C、attempttomaintainaspecifiedrateofgrowthintheminoritybusinesssector.

D、relyontheparticipationoflargecorporationstofinanceminoritybusinesses.

E、selectminoritybusinessesonthebasisoftheirlocation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D-

知識點(diǎn)解析：MESBIC計(jì)劃哪點(diǎn)和SBA計(jì)劃不同?A.用聯(lián)邦合同為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)

提供市場。無。B.鼓勵(lì)一些少數(shù)民族企業(yè)為另一些少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供市場。無。

C.試圖保持少數(shù)民族企業(yè)增長的速度。無。D.正確。依靠大公司的參與為少數(shù)

民族企業(yè)提供資金。見原文L25—33。而SBA的敘述中不見類似內(nèi)容敘述。E.基

于地理位置挑選少數(shù)民族企業(yè)。無。

19>Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorcitetosupporttheconclusionthattheresults

oftheSBAprogramweredisappointing?

A、Thesmallnumberofnewminorityenterprisesformedasaresultoftheprogram.

B、Thesmallnumberofminorityenterprisesthattookadvantageofthemanagementand

technicalassistanceofferedundertheprogram.

C、Thesmallpercentageofthenation'sbusinessreceiptsearnedbyminorityenterprises

followingtheprograms,implementation.

D^Thesmallpercentageofrecipientminorityenterprisesthatwereabletorepay

federallyguaranteedloansmadeundertheprogram.

E、Thesmallnumberofminorityenterprisesthatchosetoparticipateintheprogram.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：哪一個(gè)被作者引用，用來說明SBA計(jì)劃是令人失望的?A.由此計(jì)劃

而建立的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)很少。無。B.從此計(jì)劃中受到管理和技術(shù)上幫助的少數(shù)民

族企業(yè)很少。無。C.此計(jì)劃實(shí)行后，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的收入占國民收入的份額很

小。正確。見原文L13—17,原文就是用這個(gè)比例數(shù)字來論證SBA計(jì)劃結(jié)果使人

失望。D.此計(jì)劃中只有很少一部分少數(shù)民族企業(yè)能歸還聯(lián)邦貸款。原文無。

E.參加此計(jì)劃的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)很少。原文無。

20、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSBAprogramcanbeinferredfromthe

passage?

A、Themaximumtermforloansmadetorecipientbusinesseswas15years.

B、Businessloanswereconsideredtobemoreusefultorecipientbusinessesthanwas

managementandtechnicalassistance.

C、Theanticipatedfailurerateforrecipientbusinesseswassignificantlylowerthanthe

ratethatactuallyresulted.

D^Recipientbusinesseswereencouragedtorelocatetoareasmorefavorablefor

businessdevelopment.

E、Thecapitalizationneedsofrecipientbusinesseswereassessedandthenprovidedfor

adequately.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：關(guān)于SBA計(jì)戈U,可從文中推出：A.貸款給企業(yè)最高期限是15年。

15年只是作者論述SBA效果令人失望的所舉出的一個(gè)年限。B.對于接受此計(jì)劃

的企業(yè)來說，商業(yè)貸款比管理和技術(shù)上資助要有效。無此種比較。C.正確。預(yù)期

的失敗比率要明顯比現(xiàn)在低。文中L9—13指出，SBA計(jì)劃令人失望，因?yàn)槭?/p>

比率特別高。取非得：原來設(shè)想應(yīng)沒有現(xiàn)在高。D.沒有提到“relocateto

areas.E.先評估接受資助企業(yè)的需求量再提供合適的量。原文無此過程

描述。

21、Basedoninformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldbeindicativeof

thepragmatismofMESBICstaffmembers?I.Areluctancetoinvestinminority

businessesthatshowmarginalexpectationsofreturnontheinvestments.II.Adesireto

investinminoritybusinessesthatproducegoodsandserviceslikelytobeofusetothe

sponsoringcompany.III.Abeliefthattheminoritybusinesssectorisbestservedby

investingprimarilyinnewlyestablishedbusinesses.

A、Ionly

B>IIIonly

C、IandIIonly

D、IIandIIIonly

E、I,IIandIII

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知