GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷3（共208題）

GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷3

（共9套）

（共208題）

GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷第1

套

一、閱讀（本題共23題，每題7.0分，共23分。）

In1977theprestigiousEwhaWUIIICII*sUniversityinScuul,Korea,ainiounucdIlic

openingofthefirstwomen'sstudiesprograminAsia.Fewaca-demicprogramshave

everreceivedsuchpublicattention.Inbroadcastdebates,criticsdismissedtheprogramas

abetrayalofnationalidentity,animitationofWesternideas,andadistractionfromthe

realtaskofnationalunificationandeconomicdevelopment.Evensupporters

underestimatedtheprogram;theythoughtitwouldbemerelyanotherofthemany

WesternideasthathadalreadyprovedusefulinAsianculture,akintoairlines,electricity,

andtheassemblyline.Thefoundersoftheprogram,however,realizedthatneitherview

wascorrect.TheyhadsomereservationsabouttheapplicabilityofWesternfeminist

theoriestotheroleofwomeninAsiaandlekthatsuchtheoriesshouldbeclosely

examined.TheirapproachhasthusfaryieldedimportantcritiquesofWesterntheory,

informedbythespecialexperienceofAsianwomen.Forinstance,liketheWestern

feministcritiqueoftheFreudianmodelofthehumanpsyche,theKoreancri-tiquefinds

Freudiantheoryculture-bound,butinwaysdifferentfromthosecitedbyWestern

theorists.TheKoreantheoristsclaimthatFreudiantheoryassumestheuniversalityofthe

Westernnuclear,male-headedfamilyandfocusesonthepersonalityformationofthe

individual,independentofsociety.Ananalysisbasedonsuchassumptionscouldbevalid

forahighlycompetitive,individu-alisticsociety.IntheFreudianfamilydrama,family

membersareassumedtobeengagedinaDarwinianstruggleagainsteachother-father

againstsonandsiblingagainstsibling.Suchacon-ceptofprojectsthecompetitive

modelofWesternsocietyontohumanpersonalities.ButintheAsianconceptof

personalitythereisnoidealattachedtoindividualismortotheindependentself.The

Westernmodelofpersonalitydevelopmentdoesnotexplainmajorcharacteristicsofthe

Koreanpersonality,whichissocialandgroup-centered.The"sell'isasocialbeing

definedbyandactinginagroup,andthewell-beingofbothmenandwomenis

determinedbytheequilibriumofthegroup,notbyindividualself-assertion.Theidealis

oneofinterdependency.Insuchacontext,whatisrecognizedas"dependence"in

Westernpsychiatrictermsisnot,inKoreanterms,anadmissionofweaknessorfailure.

AllthisbearsdirectlyontheAsianpercep-tionofmen'sandwomen'spsychology

becausemenarealso^dependent."InKoreanculture,mencryandotherwiseeasilyshow

theiremotions,somethingthatmightbeconsideredabetrayalofmasculinityinWestern

culture.Inthekinship-basedsocietyofKorea,fourgenerationsmayliveinthesame

house,whichmeansthatpeoplecanbesonsanddaughtersalltheirlives,whereasin

Westernculture,therolesofhusbandandson,wifeanddaughter,areoftenincompatible.

1、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthecontentofthepassage?

Acritiqueofaparticularwomen'sstudiesprogram.

B、Areportofworkinsocialtheorydonebyaparticularwomen'sstudiesprogram.

C、Anassessmentofthestrengthsandweaknessesofaparticularwomen,sstudies

program.

D、Ananalysisofthephilosophyunderlyingwomen'sstudiesprograms.

E、AnabbreviatedhistoryofKoreanwomen'sstudiesprograms.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主題題型：A.對(duì)一婦女研究計(jì)劃的批評(píng)。木文對(duì)這一計(jì)劃沒(méi)有進(jìn)行

展開(kāi)評(píng)價(jià)，列出正反意見(jiàn)，重點(diǎn)還在于計(jì)劃本身的介紹。B.正確。一個(gè)婦女研究

項(xiàng)目關(guān)于社會(huì)思想的研究報(bào)告。對(duì)此計(jì)劃研究弗羅伊德的成果，文中用大量篇幅說(shuō)

明。C.同A。對(duì)十此計(jì)劃strength和weakness的研究小是此文重要內(nèi)容。D.對(duì)

婦女研究計(jì)劃基本思想的分析。無(wú)。E.abbreviatedhistory4＞無(wú)。

2、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatKoreanscholarsinthefieldofwomen's

studiesundertookananalysisofFreudianiheoryasaresponsetowhichofthefollowing?

A^AttacksbycriticsoftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogram.

B、ThesuperficialityofearliercritiquesofFreudiantheory.

C、ThepopularityofFreudinKoreanpsychiatriccircles.

D^TheirdesiretoencourageKoreanscholarstoadopttheFreudianmodel.

E、TheirassessmentoftherelevanceandlimitationsofWesternfeministtheorywith

respecttoKoreanculture.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：韓國(guó)婦女研究學(xué)者分析弗羅伊德思想是對(duì)下面哪一項(xiàng)的反應(yīng)?A.對(duì)

此計(jì)劃的批評(píng)意見(jiàn)。文中提到過(guò)，但這和弗羅伊德研究無(wú)關(guān)。B.早期弗羅伊惠理

論研究的淺薄。無(wú)。C.弗氏理論在韓國(guó)很流行。無(wú)。D.促使韓國(guó)學(xué)者接受弗氏

理論。無(wú)。E.正確。他們對(duì)西方女權(quán)思想在韓國(guó)文化中的適用性和局限性的估

量，見(jiàn)原文L19—23。作者在做此結(jié)論以后，以對(duì)弗羅伊德的評(píng)價(jià)來(lái)做具體例證。

3、WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheintroductionofWesternideasto

Koreansocietycanbesupportedbyinformationcontainedinthepassage?

A、Exceptfortechnologicalinnovations,fewWesternideashavebeensuccessfully

transplantedintoKoreansociety.

B、TheintroductionofWesternideastoKoreansocietyisviewedbysomeKoreansasa

challengetoKoreanidentity.

C、ThedevelopmentoftheKoreaneconomydependsheavilyonthedevelopmentof

newacademicprogramsmodeledafterWesternprograms.

D^TheextenttowhichWesternideasmustbeadaptedforacceptancebyKoreansociety

isminimal.

E、TheintroductionofWesternideastoKoreansocietyacceleratedafter1977.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：下面關(guān)于向韓國(guó)介紹西方思想的觀點(diǎn)哪一個(gè)是文中說(shuō)明的?A.很少

有西方思想被成功移入韓國(guó)社會(huì)。未提。B.正確。這種西方思潮的介紹被一些韓

國(guó)人認(rèn)為是對(duì)韓國(guó)特性的背離。見(jiàn)原文L7—11的明確說(shuō)法。C.韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展依

賴(lài)于西方式思想的學(xué)術(shù)研究進(jìn)展。無(wú)。D.西方思潮被接受的范圍很小。原文未

提。E."after1977”推不出來(lái)，這是文中所提研究計(jì)劃創(chuàng)建的年代。

4、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebroadcastmediainKoreaconsideredthe

establishmentoftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogram

A^praiseworthy.

B、insignificant.

C^newsworthy.

D、imitative.

F、incomprehensible.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：韓國(guó)廣播對(duì)此大學(xué)婦女研究計(jì)劃持什么態(tài)度?據(jù)原文L6—17在廣播

辯論中，出現(xiàn)了兩種完全相對(duì)的意見(jiàn)，但是文中未提辯論的組織者對(duì)此是何態(tài)度。

??.C有新聞價(jià)值的。其他都帶上了本身的褒貶態(tài)度，不合原文。

5、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepositiontakenbysomeofthesupporters

oftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogramwasproblematictothefoundersoftheprogram

becausethosesupporters

A、assumedthattheprogramwouldbebasedontheuncriticaladoptionofWestern

iheory.

B>failedtoshowconcernfortheissuesofnationalunificationandeconomic

development.

C^wereunfamiliarwithWesternfeministtheory.

D、werenotthemselvesscholarsinthefieldofwomen'sstudies.

E、acceptedtheuniversalityofFreudiantheory.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：創(chuàng)建E大學(xué)婦女研究計(jì)劃的人認(rèn)為，對(duì)他們的計(jì)劃持支持態(tài)度的

人，其觀點(diǎn)也有問(wèn)題，在于這些支持者：A.正確,認(rèn)為這個(gè)計(jì)劃是建立在全盤(pán)西

化基礎(chǔ)之上。見(jiàn)原文L11—17。B.未顯示對(duì)民族統(tǒng)一和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)心。原文是

反對(duì)該計(jì)劃的人指責(zé)該計(jì)劃內(nèi)容。C.不熟悉西方女權(quán)思想。無(wú)。D.本身不是搞

婦女研究的。無(wú)。E.接受弗氏觀點(diǎn)的普遍性。無(wú)。

6、Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostconsistentwiththeviewofpersonality

developmentheldbytheEwhawomen'sstudiesgroup?

A、Personalitydevelopmentoccursinidentifiablestages,beginningwithdependencyin

childhoodandendingwithindependenceinadulthood.

Anytheoryofpersonalitydevelopment,inordertobevalid,mustbeuniversal.

C、Personalitydevelopmentisinfluencedbythecharacteristicsofthesocietyinwhicha

personlives.

D、Personalitydevelopmentishinderedifapersonisnotpermittedtobeindependent.

E、Notheoryofpersonalitydevelopmentcanaccountfbrthedifferencesbetween

KoreanandWesternculture.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：下面哪一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)符合E大學(xué)的婦女研究項(xiàng)目負(fù)貢人對(duì)人性發(fā)展的看

法?A.人性發(fā)展分階段，由兒童依賴(lài)開(kāi)始，到成年期變?yōu)楠?dú)立。無(wú)。B.所有人性

發(fā)展理論都必須有普遍性。無(wú)。C.正確。人性發(fā)展被一個(gè)人所生活的社會(huì)的特性

所影響。見(jiàn)原文L44-47。弗羅伊德的模式體現(xiàn)了西方競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模式對(duì)人性的影響。

D.如果一個(gè)人不能自立，就不會(huì)有充分的人性發(fā)展。照本文說(shuō)法，這只是西方社

會(huì)才適用。E.沒(méi)有一個(gè)人性發(fā)展理論能解釋韓國(guó)和西方文化的差異。不符文中事

實(shí)，E大學(xué)婦女研究計(jì)劃發(fā)起人就給出了解釋。

7、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheWesternfeministcritiqueofFreudian

theorycanbesupportedbyinformationcontainedinthepassage?

A^ItrecognizestheinfluenceofWesterncultureonFreudiantheory.

B、Itwaswrittenafter1977.

C、Itacknowledgestheuniversalityofthenuclear,male-headedfamily.

D^ItchallengesFreud'sanalysisoftheroleofdaughtersinWesternsociety.

E、ItfailstoaddresstheissueofcompetitivenessinWesternsociety.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：關(guān)于西方女權(quán)主義者對(duì)弗羅伊德觀點(diǎn)的批評(píng)，文中哪一個(gè)說(shuō)法是正確

的?A.正確。承認(rèn)西方文化對(duì)弗羅伊德思想的影響。見(jiàn)原文L27—29,likethe

Westemfeminislcritique即韓國(guó)學(xué)者和西方女權(quán)主義者在此點(diǎn)上是一致的。

B.“writtenafter1977”。無(wú)。C.承認(rèn)核心式男性家庭普遍性。無(wú)。這是弗氏理論

本身的內(nèi)容。D."roleofdaughters"。無(wú)。E.未指出西方社會(huì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。文中未提

有此缺點(diǎn)。

8、Accordingtothepassage,criticsoftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogramcitedthe

programasathreattowhichofthefollowing?I.Nationalidentity.II.National

unification.III.Economicdevelopment.IV.Familyintegrity.

A、Ionly

IandIIonly

C、I,IIandIEonly

D、II,HIandIVonly

E、I,II,IIIandIV

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：E大學(xué)婦女項(xiàng)目的批評(píng)者指責(zé)此項(xiàng)目威脅了哪些?此點(diǎn)原文L7—11明

確給過(guò)說(shuō)明。I、民族特性n、民族統(tǒng)一山、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展此三條都是文中指出的。

w、家庭和諧。無(wú)。.??.I、n、山正確。

Inchoosingamethodfordeterminingclimaticconditionsthatexistedinthepast,

palcoclimatologistsinvokefourprincipalcriteria.First,thematerial—rocks,lakes,

vegetation,etc-onwhichthemethodreliesmustbewidespreadenoughtoprovide

plentyofinformation,sinceanalysisofmaterialthatisrarelyencounteredwillnotpermit

correlationwithotherregionsorwithotherperiodsofgeologicalhistory.Second,inthe

processofformation,thematerialmusthavereceivedanenvironmentalsignalthat

reflectsachangeinclimateandthatcanbedecipheredbymodernphysicalorchemical

means.Third,atleastsomeofthematerialmusthaveretainedthesignalunaffectedby

subsequentchangesintheenvironment.Fourth,itmustbepossibletodeterminethetime

atwhichtheinferredclimaticconditionsheld.Thislastcriterionismoreeasilymetin

datingmarinesediments,becausedatingofonlyasmallnumberoflayersinamarine

sequenceallowstheageofotherlayerstobeestimatedfairlyreliablybyextrapolation

andinterpolation.Bycontrast,becausesedimentationismuchlesscontinuousin

continentalregions,estimatingtheageofacontinentalbedfromtheknownagesofbeds

aboveandbelowismorerisky.Oneveryoldmethodusedintheinvestigationofpast

climaticconditionsinvolvesthemeasurementofwaterlevelsinancientlakes.In

temperateregions,thereareenoughlakesforcorrelationsbetweenthemtogiveusa

reliablepicture.Inaridandsemiaridregions,ontheotherhand,thesmallnumberof

lakesandthegreatdistancesbetweenthemreducethepossibilitiesforcorrelation.

Moreover,sincelakelevelsarecontrolledbyratesofevaporationaswellasby

precipitation,theinterpretationofsuchlevelsisambiguous.Forinstance,thefactthat

lakelevelsinthesemiaridsouthwesternUnitedStatesappeartohavebeenhigherduring

thelasticeagethantheyarenowwasatonetimeattributedtoincreasedprecipitation.On

thebasisofsnowlineelevations,however,ithasbeenconcludedthattheclimatethenwas

notnecessarilywetterthanitisnow,butratherthatbothsummersandwinterswere

cooler,resultinginreducedevaporation.Anotherproblematicmethodistoreconstruct

formerclimatesonthebasisofpollenprofiles.Thetypeofvegetationinaspecificregion

isdeterminedbyidentifyingandcountingthevariouspollengrainsfoundthere.Although

therelationshipbetweenvegetationandcli-mateisnotasdirectastherelationship

betweenclimateandlakelevels,themethodoftenworkswellinthetemperatezones.In

aridandsemiaridregionsinwhichthereisnotmuchvegetation,however,smallchanges

inoneorafewplanttypescanchangethepicturedramatically,makingaccurate

correlationsbetweenneighboringareasdifficulttoobtain.

9、Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthedifferencebetweenmarineand

continentalsedimentationissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

A、Dataprovidedbydatingmarinesedimentationismoreconsistentwithresearchers?

findingsinotherdisciplinesthanisdataprovidedbydatingcontinentalsedimentation.

Itiseasiertoestimatetheageofalayerinasequenceofcontinentalsedimentation

thanitistoestimatetheageofalayerinasequenceofmarinesedimentation.

C、Marinesedimentationismuchlesswidespreadthancontinentalsedimentation.

D、Researchersaremoreoftenforcedtorelyonextrapolationwhendatingalayerof

marinesedimentationthanwhendatingalayerofcontinentalsedimentation.

E、Marinesedimentationismuchmorecontinuousthaniscontinentalsedimentation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：海底和陸地沉積物的情況，可從文中推出的結(jié)論有：A."inother-

disciplines”不合適，文中未提用其他學(xué)科成果來(lái)驗(yàn)證沉積物檢驗(yàn)。B.說(shuō)反了，文

中著重指出，測(cè)定海底沉積物年代比陸地要容易。L22?32。C."muchless

widespread”本篇講兩者區(qū)別，未提分布問(wèn)題。D."moreoftenforcedtorelyon

extrapolation”區(qū)分不出。E.正確。海底沉積物比陸下沉積物更有延續(xù)性。L22-

32。

10、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationotthepassageas

awhole?

A、Theauthordescribesamethodfordeterminingpastclimaticconditionsandthen

offersspecificexamplesofsituationsinwhichithasbeenused.

B、Theauthordiscussesthemethodofdatingmarineandcontinentalsequencesandthen

explainshowdatingismoredifficultwithlakelevelsthanwithpollenprofiles.

C、Theauthordescribesthecommonrequirementsofmethodsfordeterminingpast

climaticconditionsandthendiscussesexamplesofsuchmethods.

D^Theauthordescribesvariouswaysofchoosingamaterialfordeterminingpast

climaticconditionsandthendiscusseshowtwosuchmethodshaveyieldedcontradictory

data.

E、Theauthordescribeshowmethodsfordeterminingpastclimaticconditionswerefirst

developedandthendescribestwooftheearliestknownmethods.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：全文組織結(jié)構(gòu)，主要內(nèi)容：A.描述一種方法，然后給出例子。文中

并不是對(duì)一具體方法給多個(gè)例證。B.“date”不是全文目的，而是考察古氣候的一

個(gè)步驟。C.正確。先給出測(cè)定古氣候方法要滿(mǎn)足的條件（第一段）再給出幾個(gè)方法

的實(shí)例（后兩段）。D.“contradictorydata”原文未提。E.”firstdeveloped"和"earliest”

原文均未提。

11、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpaleoclimatologistshaveconcludedwhichof

thefollowingonthebasisoftheirstudyofsnowlineelevationsinthesouthwestern

UnitedStates?

A^Thereisusuallymoreprecipitationduringaniceagebecauseofincreasedamounts

ofevaporation.

B、Therewaslessprecipitationduringthelasticeagethanthereistoday.

C、LakelevelsinthesemiaridsouthwesternUnitedStateswerelowerduringthelastice

agethantheyaretoday.

D、Duringthelasticeage,coolerweatherledtolowerlakelevelsthan

palcoclimatologistshadpreviouslyassumed.

E、Thehighlakelevelsduringthelasticeagemayhavebeenaresultoflessevaporation

ratherthanmoreprecipitation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：研究美國(guó)西南部雪線，古氣候?qū)W家做出什么結(jié)論?A.冰期多雨。這

是作者反對(duì)的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論，見(jiàn)L46—57的論述。B.上個(gè)冰期比現(xiàn)在降雨少。文中只

說(shuō)不一定比現(xiàn)在更濕潤(rùn)L53—55,推不出此選項(xiàng)。C.湖面在上個(gè)冰期比現(xiàn)在低。

和原文L46—51敘述正相反。D.同上“l(fā)owerlakelevels”說(shuō)反了。E.正確。上一

個(gè)冰期的高水位可能是低蒸發(fā)量的結(jié)果，而不是更多降水。見(jiàn)L51—57。

12、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlikelytopicforaparagraphthatlogically

continuesthepassage?

A、Thekindsofplantsnormallyfoundinaridregions.

Theeffectofvariationinlakelevelsonpollendistribution.

C>Thematerialbestsuitedtopreservingsignalsofclimaticchanges.

D、Othercriteriainvokedbypaleoclimatologistswhenchoosingamethodtodetermine

pastclimaticconditions.

E、Athirdmethodforinvestigatingpastclimaticconditions.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：后接本文將會(huì)講什么內(nèi)容?看本文結(jié)構(gòu)，先講了測(cè)定古氣候方法的條

件，并給出兩個(gè)有問(wèn)題的方案。接下去應(yīng)該續(xù)寫(xiě)方法，直到給出一個(gè)較滿(mǎn)意的方

法。J.E正確，第三種測(cè)定古氣候的方法。A."aridregions”和本文無(wú)關(guān)。

B.“pollendistribution”已經(jīng)在第三段提過(guò).C.適宜保存氣候變化信息的材料、第

一段所講條件內(nèi)的問(wèn)題。D."othercriteria”不可能，本文第一段先講標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，再分講

各種方法，不可能再回講標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

13、TheauthordiscusseslakelevelsinthesouthwesternUnitedStatesinorderto

A^illustratethemechanicsoftherelationshipbetweenlakelevel,evaporation,and

precipitation.

B、provideanexampleoftheuncertaintyinvolvedininterpretinglakelevels.

C、provethattherearenotenoughancientlakeswithwhichtomakeaccurate

correlations.

D、explaintheeffectsofincreasedratesofevaporationonlevelsofprecipitation.

E^suggestthatsnowlineelevationsareinvariablymoreaccuratethanlakelevelsin

determiningratesofprecipitationatvariouspointsinthepast.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者為什么討論美國(guó)西南部湖水位問(wèn)題?A.講述水位、蒸發(fā)、降水

間關(guān)系。過(guò)具體，文中討論的中心問(wèn)題是古氣候研究的方法。B.正確。提供分析

湖水位方法不確定性的一個(gè)例證。即原文L45―46utheinterpreta—donofsuchlevels

isambiguous”。C.“notenoughancientlakes”不是這個(gè)例子所說(shuō)內(nèi)容。D.蒸發(fā)增加

對(duì)降水影響。無(wú)。E.雪線比湖水位要更精確。無(wú)。文中提到雪線只是說(shuō)明湖水位

測(cè)定有誤差，而并沒(méi)有把它提了I到與測(cè)湖水位法平等的地位上。

14、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanenvironmentalsignalfoundingeological

materialwouldnotbeusefultopaleo-climatologistsifit

A、hadtobeinterpretedbymodernchemicalmeans.

B、reflectedachangeinclimateratherthanalong-termclimaticcondition.

C、wasincorporatedintoamaterialasthematerialwasforming.

D^alsoreflectedsubsequentenvironmentalchanges.

E^wascontainedinacontinentalratherthanamarinesequence.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中指出，地質(zhì)材料中的環(huán)境信息如果怎樣，對(duì)古氣候?qū)W家就沒(méi)有用

了?推論：見(jiàn)原文L16—19,第三個(gè)要求，這些材粒中信息不受其后環(huán)境變化的影

響，取非得：,?.D.也反映了其后的環(huán)境變化。A、B、C、E和原文敘述不一致。

15、Accordingtothepassage,thematerialusedtodeterminepastclimaticconditions

mustbewidespreadforwhichofthefollowingreasons?I.Paleoclimatologistsneedto

makecomparisonsbetweenperiodsofgeologicalhistory.II.Paleoclimatologistsneedto

comparematerialsthathavesupportedawidevarietyofvegetation.III.

Palcoclimatologistsneedtomakecomparisonswithdatacollectedinotherregions.

A、Ionly

IIonly

C、IandIIonly

D、IandIIIonly

E、IIandIIIonly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：為什么測(cè)量古氣候的材料分布要廣泛?此原因見(jiàn)原文L8—11的解

釋?zhuān)瑥V泛材料能反映時(shí)空方面更大一些的范圍。I.正確。古氣候?qū)W家需對(duì)冰期不

同時(shí)間作比較?？?“vegetation”在此處未提。HI.正確。古氣候?qū)W家需對(duì)其他地

區(qū)的資料作比較，即“otherregions“。J.D.I,皿正確。

16、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthestudyofpast

climatesinaridandsemiaridregions?

A、Itissometimesmoredifficulttodeterminepastclimaticconditionsinaridand

semiaridregionsthanintemperateregions.

B、Allliuugliin(liepastmureresearchliasbeendoneontemperateregions,

paleoclimatologistshaverecentlyturnedtheirattentiontoaridandsemiaridregions.

C、Althoughmoreinformationaboutpastclimatescanbegatheredinaridandsemiarid

thanintemperateregions,datingthisinformationismoredifficult.

D、Itisdifficulttostudytheclimatichistoryofaridandsemiaridregionsbecausetheir

climateshavetendedtovarymorethanthoseoftemperateregions.

E、Thestudyofpastclimatesinaridandsemiaridregionshasbeenneglectedbecause

temperateregionssupportagreatervarietyofplantandanimallife.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：關(guān)于干旱、半干旱區(qū)古氣候研究，哪一點(diǎn)可從原文推出?A.正確。

有時(shí)確定干旱、半干旱區(qū)古氣候比溫和濕潤(rùn)區(qū)要難。第二段湖水位法、第三段花粉

測(cè)定法都能推出這個(gè)結(jié)論。B.過(guò)去研究溫潤(rùn)區(qū)，現(xiàn)在學(xué)者更關(guān)注干旱區(qū)。原文

無(wú)。C.干旱區(qū)過(guò)去氣候資料能更多得到。無(wú)。D."varymore”原文無(wú)。

E."neglected”原文未提。

Sincethelate1970's,inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,

manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——and

thereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness—throughcost-cutting

programs.(Cost-cutlinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamount

oflaborconslant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity-thevalueofgoods

manufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput-didnotimprove;andwhilethe

resultswerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percent

lowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesame

time,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cutting,the

moretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25

companies;itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivity

isfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa"40,40,20"rule.Roughly

40percentofanymanufactur-ing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-term

changesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthenumber,size,location,and

capacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrom

majorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestson

implementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledocsnotimplythatcost-cut-ting

shouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproach—includingsimplifyingjobs

andretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder-doproduceresults.Butthetools

quicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.Anotherproblemisthatthecost-

cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAber-nathy's

studyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerof

itsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnew

products.Andmanagersunderpressuretomaximizecost-cuttingwillresistinnovation

becausetheyknowthatmorefundamentalchangesinprocessesorsystemswillwreak

havocwiththeresultsonwhichtheyaremeasured.Productionmanagershavealways

seentheirjobasoneofminimizingcostsandmaximizingoutput.Thisdimensionof

performancehasuntilrecentlysufficedasabasisofeval-uation,butithascreateda

penny-pinching,mechanisticcultureinmostfactoriesthathaskeptawaycreative

managers.EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,in

part,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocuses

onthemanufacturingstructureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inone

companyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecialize

indifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach;withinthreeyears

thecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,

successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

besidescuttingcosts.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferent

wayofmanaging.

17、Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

A、summarizingathesis.

R、recommendingadifferentapproach.

C、comparingpointsofview.

D、makingaseriesofpredictions.

E、describinganumberofparadoxes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主題題型：A.總結(jié)論點(diǎn)。無(wú)。B.介紹一不同的方法。正確。針對(duì)

“降低成本法”，作者提出自己的意見(jiàn)，并且在最后給出替代的方案。C.比較觀

點(diǎn)。無(wú)。D.做預(yù)言。無(wú)。E.anumberofparadoxeso文中只提出了一個(gè)。

18^Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturesmentionedinline3

expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould

A、encourageinnovation.

B、keeplaboroutputconstant.

C、increasetheircompetitiveadvantage.

D^permitbusinessupturnstobemoreeasilypredicted.

E、causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)》析：第3行所提這些制造企業(yè)主期待其施行的措施能：第3行這些企業(yè)

主，即推行“削減成本法”的人。.￡正確，提高其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。L5-7明確說(shuō)法。A、

B、D未提。E.使管理人關(guān)注更廣目標(biāo)。這是文章最后作者所提解決方案的效

果。

19^Theprimaryfunctionofthefirstparagraphofthepassageisto

Axoutlineinbrieftheauthor'sargument.

B、anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow.

C、clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms.

D、summarizeanumberoflong-acceptedexplanations.

E、presentahistoricalcontextfbrtheauthor'sobsenations.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段的職能：A.總括作者論證。無(wú)。B.anticipatechallenges□

無(wú)。C.解釋一些概念。無(wú)D.總結(jié)一些長(zhǎng)期被接受的解釋。無(wú)。E.正確。紿作

者的觀察提供一歷史背景。作者在此指出“削減成本法”及其失敗。后文再做具體的

理論論述。

20、TheauthorreferstoAbernathy'sstudy(lines49-50)mostprobablyinorderto

A、qualifyanobservationaboutonerulegoverningmanufacturing.

addresspossibleobjectionstoarecommendationaboutimprovingmanufacturing

competitiveness.

C、supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity.

D、suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturing

industry.

E、givenanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisinga

manufacturingstrategy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者為什么在L49—50提出Abernathy的研究?A.限制關(guān)于一個(gè)控制

制造業(yè)的規(guī)則的觀察。無(wú)。B.對(duì)于一個(gè)提高制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的方法的介紹提出反

對(duì)。易混。這個(gè)方法應(yīng)該指“降低成本法”，但對(duì)此方法的反對(duì)已在第一、二段進(jìn)

行。在這里早已不是“possibleobjections"。C.正確。支持一個(gè)關(guān)于一種提高生產(chǎn)率

的方法的斷言。此方法即指“削減成本法“earlierassertion”即指作者在前己充■其

做出負(fù)面的評(píng)價(jià)，在這里是提出另一個(gè)論據(jù)。D.美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的核心。無(wú)E.修正

生產(chǎn)策略的主意的效果被質(zhì)問(wèn)。無(wú)

21、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas

A、cautious.

B、critical.

C、disinterested.

D、respectful.

E^adulatory.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠的文化氣氛，作者持什么態(tài)度?從L63—68的敘述中，

可以看出作者是持一種不贊成的負(fù)態(tài)度。.,上批判性的。A、C、D、E都不符合原

文敘述。

22、Inthepassage,theauthorincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT

A、personalobservation.

B、abusinessprinciple.

C、adefinitionofproductivity.

D、anexampleofasuccessfulcompany.

E、anillustrationofaprocesstechnology.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中指出下列信息，惟獨(dú)沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)?A.個(gè)人觀察。第二段、第四

段都提到作者自己的觀察。B.商業(yè)規(guī)律。L27—38的“40、40、20”定律。C.生

產(chǎn)率的定義。L8—10的括號(hào)中。D.成功企業(yè)的例子。見(jiàn)第四段。E.正確。對(duì)加

工技術(shù)的描述。原文提到過(guò)這種技術(shù)，但未加以具體描述。

23>Theauthorsuggeststhatimplementingconventionalcost-cuttingasawayof

increasingmanufacturingcompetitivenessisastrategythatis

A、flawedandruinous.

shortsightedanddifficulttosustain.

C>popularandeasilyaccomplished.

D、usefulbutinadequate.

E、misunderstoodbutpromising.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者指出：使用傳統(tǒng)的削減成本法試圖提高制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)力是一種：

據(jù)作者在文中敘述（第一、二段）：此方式有些道理，但是很快就會(huì)達(dá)到極限，基本

上是不可行的。??.D有用但不合適。A.錯(cuò)誤且災(zāi)難性的。過(guò)強(qiáng)，文中態(tài)度未達(dá)

到。B.短視而難以維持的。不合適是對(duì)的，但不合適的方法不一定就維系不下

去，想想我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)界長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的做法。C.普及且易有成效的。說(shuō)反了。E.被誤

解但有前景。說(shuō)反了。

GMAT(VERBAL)閱讀模擬試卷第2

套

一、閱讀(本題共23題，每題7.0分，共23分。)

Historiansofwomen'slaborintheUnitedStatesatfirstlargelydisregardedthestoryof

femaleserviceworkers-womenearningwagesinoccupationssuchassalesclerk,

domesticservant,andofficesecretary.Thesehistoriansfocusedinsteadonfactorywork,

primarilybecauseitseemedsodifferentfromtraditional,unpaid"women'swork"inthe

home,andbecausetheunderlyingeconomicforcesofindustrialismwerepresumedtobe

gender-blindandhenceemancipatoryineffect.Unfortunately,emancipationhasbeen

lesspro-foundthanexpected,fornoteven