大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模擬試卷41（共553題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模

擬試卷41（共9套）

（共553題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模

擬試卷第1套

一、作文（本題共I題，每題7.0分，共I分。）

1、Forthispan,youareallowed30minutesiowriteashortessayemiiledEducation

Feverbasedonthestatisticsprovidedinthechartbelow(FamilySpendingonEducation

inChina).Pleasegiveabriefdescriptionofthechartfirstandthenmakecommentsonit.

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

FamilySpendingonEducationinChina

uoo

1000

800

600

400

200

WWW2

Source:iResearch,Jefferies

EducationFever

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：EducationFeverFromthegraphabove,wecaneasilyobservethatfamily

spendingoneducationinChinahasasteadyincreaseinthepastdecade,withthenumber

reaching983billionin2013,whichnearlytriplesthenumberin2004.Manyfactors

contributetotheever-increasingeducationspending,"lettingchildrenwinatthestarting

line"beingoneofthem.Manyparentsspendalotofmoneyonpre-schooleducation.

Theytrytosendkidstothebestkindergartenswhosetuitionfeesaremuchhigherthan

thatofuniversities.Choosingbetterprimaryandmiddleschoolsalsotakesmoney.

Normally,studentsmustattendschoolswithinthedistrictwheretheylive.However,

manyparentsprefertosendtheirchildrentoabetter-knownschoolinotherdistricts

regardlessofthelargesumof"donations".Apartfromformaleducation,parentsalsopay

theirchildrenforvariousaftcr-schoolprograms,fromcommonpaintingordancing

classestoexpensiveoverseassummercamps.Thereisnothingwrongwithparents,

passionfbreducation,butparentsshouldkeepinmindthatspendingmoremoneydoesn't

necessarilyguaranteeabettereducationfbrchildren.Moneyshouldbeputwhereit

mattersmost.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這篇圖表型作文要求考生結(jié)合圖表就“教育熱''展開(kāi)論述。根據(jù)題目

要求，文章結(jié)構(gòu)可安排如下：第一段簡(jiǎn)要解讀圖表的數(shù)據(jù)，指出十年間中國(guó)家庭

對(duì)教育的支出穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)。第二段論述教育支出不斷增加的原因：家長(zhǎng)想讓孩子贏

在起跑線上：不顧高額的贊助費(fèi)送子女讀名校：喜歡送子女參加各種培訓(xùn)班。第

三段提出自己的建議：家長(zhǎng)對(duì)教育支出的投入不是越多越好，錢應(yīng)花在刀刃上。

二、詞匯理解(本題共70題，每題1.0分，共70分。)

Officialhealthadvicethatsaidhouseholdchoreshelpkeepyouactivehasbeenproved

wrongbytheresearch,whichshowsthatthepeoplewhodothemosthouseworkarealso

themostoverweight.Astudyofthephysicalactivityhabitsof4,563adults,carriedout

byProfessorMarieMurphyattheUniversityofUlsterfoundthatwomenandolder

peoplewereparticularlylikelytolist"[Cl]physicalactivityasasignificant

proportionoftheirmoderateto[C2]physicalactivity".Murphysaid:"We

foundhouseworkwasreversely[C3]toleanness,whichsuggeststhateither

peopleareoverestimatingtheamountofmoderate-intensityphysicalactivitytheydo

throughhouseworkorareeatingtoomuchto[C4]fortheamountofactivity

undertaken."KevinFenton,directorofhealthandwellbeingatPublicHealthEngland,

suggestedthestudycould[C5]evidencethatsomepeoplethoughttheywere

healthierthantheyactuallywere."Atanindividualleveltheremaybea[C6]to

overestimatethelevelof'goodbehaviour*wc'rcdoingandthisisreflectedwhenpeople

usefooddiaries,pedometers(計(jì)步器)orappstomeasuremore[C7]whatthey

haveachieved."hesaid.Buthedefendedeverydaytasksasgenuinelyuseful.Headded:

"Fromanindividual[C8],physicalactivitiessuchashousework,doingthe

shoppingandwalkingtocollectchildrenfromschool,canhave[C9]impactson

physicalandmentalwellbeing.Peoplewhoareevenmoreactivewilloftenseegreater

benefitsanditisimportanttorecognisethathealthyweightisjustoneofthepotential

[CIO]ofphysicalactivity."A)accountE)domesticI)perspectiveM)related

B)adjustedF)gentleJ)positiveN)tendencyC)causesG)objectivelyK)practicallyO)

vigorousD)compensateH)outcomesL)reinforce

2、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空位于動(dòng)詞lisl后和名詞physicalactivity之前，故判斷應(yīng)填入形容

詞。文章探討做家務(wù)和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)方面的聯(lián)系。故可推知這里婦女和老人應(yīng)該是把

“家務(wù)活”當(dāng)成一種體力活動(dòng)，domestic意為“家庭的”，符合語(yǔ)義。

3、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空同樣是位于名詞physicalactivity前，故可推知還是填形容詞，

由空格前的moderateto可知，填入的形容詞與moderate“適度的，溫和的”形成對(duì)

照，程度上比moderate更進(jìn)一步，詞庫(kù)中語(yǔ)義與moderate相關(guān)的有g(shù)entle和

vigorouso但gentle與moderate同義，體現(xiàn)不出空格前的to“從...到..."，故排

除；vigorous表示“有力的，費(fèi)勁的”，能與moderate形成對(duì)照，故為答案。

4、（C31

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空位于was…to的結(jié)構(gòu)中，推測(cè)可能填形容詞或動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。此

處前后提到的對(duì)象分別為housework（家務(wù)活）和leanness（苗條）。根據(jù)全文首句末尾

提到的“做家務(wù)事最多的人，體重最重“，再由reversely（相反地）一詞推知這里提到

的兩者是相反的“關(guān)系”，故填related”相關(guān)的"，符合語(yǔ)義要求。

5、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空位于t。。..」?！Y(jié)構(gòu)后，故此處應(yīng)填原形動(dòng)詞，且需與其后的介

詞for搭配。compensalefor意為“為補(bǔ)償……”，符合上下文語(yǔ)義，表示為補(bǔ)償消耗

的體力進(jìn)食過(guò)多，以至于做家務(wù)的人并不苗條vaccountfor表示“作某事物的解

釋”，放在此處不合語(yǔ)義邏輯。

6、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后，推知應(yīng)填入原形動(dòng)詞。詞庫(kù)中的原形動(dòng)

詞包括compensate,account以及reinforce,但能與名詞evidence搭配的動(dòng)詞只有

reinforce,袤示“進(jìn)一步證實(shí)

7、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格前的不定冠詞a,可知此處應(yīng)該填單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞?？崭窈筇?/p>

到人們高估所做的“良好行為”的水平，以及第3段遑到的“有些人高估了自己的實(shí)

際健康狀況”，都屬于人們的一種意識(shí)行為上的“傾向”，故選tendency。干擾項(xiàng)

perspective尤指受到某種思想、經(jīng)驗(yàn)影響的觀點(diǎn)，其后常接介詞on或of。

8、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空位于動(dòng)詞measure之后，故推測(cè)填入副詞，“more一起修

飾measure。而人們使用進(jìn)食日記、計(jì)步器或其他應(yīng)用軟件會(huì)使得測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)更客

觀直接，故應(yīng)填入objectively“客觀地”。

9、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空位于形容詞individual后，且前面有不定冠詞an,故應(yīng)填入單數(shù)

形式的可數(shù)名詞?？崭窈蟮闹骶洳糠直硎緦こ５捏w力活動(dòng)對(duì)我們身心健康的影響，

這屬于一種觀點(diǎn)和看法的表述。故填入perspective“看法”。

10、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該空位于動(dòng)詞have后和名詞impacts前"故確定應(yīng)填形容詞。由該段

首句可知，本段說(shuō)一些三常家務(wù)是有益處的（useful）,故此處的影響應(yīng)該是積極

的、正面的,故填入positive“積極的”,符合文章語(yǔ)義。

11、[C10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格前的oneof...可知，此處應(yīng)該填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。該句表示“健康

的體重只是身體活動(dòng)的……之一”，根據(jù)兩者的關(guān)系，填outcomes“結(jié)果”。

三、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

WhatIfYouCouldLearnEverything?[A]Imagineeverystudenthasatirelesspersonal

imor,ananificiallyintelligentandinexhaustiblecompanionthatmagicallyknows

everything,knowsthestudent,andhelpsherlearnwhatsheneedstoknow."'Youguys

soundlikeyou'refromthefuture,1"JoseFerreira,theCEOoftheeducationtechnology

startupKnevvton,says."That'sthemostcommonreactionwegetfromothersinthe

industry."|B|Fouryearsago,thiskindoftalksoundedliketypicalSiliconValleyboast

fromanotherchildishfounderofatechnologystartup.Today,Knewlonsaystheycan

deliverthekindsofbreakthroughs:severalmilliondatapointsgenerateddailybyeachof

1millionstudentsfromelementaryschoolthroughcollege,usingKnewton's"adaptive

learning"technologytostudymath,reading,andotherfundamentals.PeterThiel,the

PayPalco-foundcr,Facebookinvestor,andanearlyinvestorinKncwton,toldKnewton's

staffrecentlythatthecompanyhastwokeycharacteristicshelooksforinadeal."Before

theyhappen,everybodythoughtitwasimpossible.Afterwardsit'stoolateforanyone

else,becausethey'vealreadydoneit.”[C]Adaptivelearningisanincreasinglypopular

sayingindicatingeducationalsoftwarethatcustomizesitspresentationofmaterialfrom

momenttomomentbasedontheuser'sinput.It'sbeinghailedasa"revolution"byboth

venturecapitalistsandbig,establishededucationcompanies.Startingthisfall,Knewton's

technologywillbeavailabletothevastmajorityofthenation'scollegesanduniversities

andK-12schooldistrictsthroughnewpartnershipswiththreemajortextbookpublishers:

Pearson,MacMillan,andHoughtonMifflinHarcourt.AndFerreira*sdoneallthiseven

thoughhesaysneitherhisinvestorsnorhiscompetition,tosaynothingofthepublicor

thepress,reallyunderstandwhatKnewtoncando.[D]Buthere'sthevision.Within5or

10years,thepapertextbookandmimeographed（油印的）worksheetwillbedead.

Classroomexercisesandhomework—text,audio,video,games—willhaveshifted

entirelytotheiPadorequivalent.Andadaptivelearningwillhelpeachuserfindtheexact

rightpieceofcontentneeded,intheexactrightformat,attheexactrighttime,basedon

previouspatternsofuse.|E|Inanageofswellingclasssizes,teacherlayoffs,and

studentswithavastgroupingofspecialneedsandlearningstyles,somereformersgreet

theseadaptivelearningsoftwaresystemsasasaviorthatcouldmakelearningmore

customizedandeffectiveandteachingmoreefficient.WhilebattlelinesaresharpinK-12

schoolreformoverissuesfromcharterstotheCommonCorenationalcurriculum

standards,digitalinnovationshavefansacrossthepoliticalscopefortheirpowerto

engagestudentsandbringtheclassroomintothe21stcentury.[F]Knewton,atbase,isa

recommendationenginebutforlearning.Therecommendationengineisacore

technologyoftheInternet,andprobablyoneyouencountereveryday.Googleuses

recommendations:otherpeoplewhoenteredthesesearchtermsclickedonthispage,so

we'llshowittoyoufirst.Themoreyouuseoneofthesewebsites,themoreitknows

aboutyou—notjustaboutyourcurrentbehavior,butaboutalltheothersearchesand

clicksyou'vedone.Intheory,asyouspendmoretimewithasiteitsrecommendations

willbecomemorepersonalized.[G]RatherthanthesetofallWebpagesorallmovies,

thelearningdatasetis,moreorless,theuniverseofallfacts.Ferreiracallsthesefacts

"atomicconcepts,'1meaningthatthey'reindivisibleintosmallerconcepts.Whena

textbookpublisherlikePearsonloadsitscurriculumintoKnewton'splatform,eachpiece

ofcontent——itcouldbeavideo,atestquestion,oraparagraphoftext——istaggedwiththe

appropriateconceptorconcepts.[H]Theplatformformsapersonalizedstudyplanbased

onthatinformationanddecideswhatthestudentshouldworkonnext,feedingthe

studenttheappropriatenewpiecesofcontentandcontinuouslycheckingtheprogress.A

dashbuaid（儀表盤）showsihcstudenthuwmany"niaslciypoints"havebeenauhiuved

andwhattodonext.Teachers,likewise,canseeexactlywhichconceptsthestudentis

strugglingwith,andnotonlywhetherthehomeworkproblemshavebeendonebutalso

howmanytimeseachproblemwasattemptedorhowmanyhintswereneeded.Themore

peopleusethesystem,thebetteritgets:andthemoreyouuseit,thebetteritgetsforyou.

[I]Inatraditionalclass,ateachermovesagroupofstudentsthroughapredetermined

sequenceofmaterialatasinglepace.Reactionsaredelayed-youdon'tgethomeworkor

popquizzesbackforadayortwo.Somestudentsarebored:someareconfused.Youcan

missakeyidea,fallbehind,andnevercatchup.Software-enabledadaptivelearningflips

allofthisonitshead.Studentscanmoveattheirownspeed.Theycangethintsand

instantfeedback.Teachers,meanwhile,canspendclasstimetargetingtheirhelpto

individualsorsmallgroupsbasedonneed.|J|TheKnewtonsystemusesitsanalyticsto

keepstudentsmotivated.Ifitnoticesthatyouseemtohaveaconfidenceproblem,

becauseyoutoooftenblowquestionsthatshouldbeeasybasedonpreviousresults,it

willstartyouoffwithafewquestionsyou'relikelytogetright.Ifyou'restuck,choosing

thewrongansweragainandagain,itwillthrowoutbroaderandbroaderhintsbeforejust

showingyoutherightanswer.Itknowswhentodrillyouonmultiplicationandwhento

giveyouafunanimatedvideotowatch.[K]Theseareearlydays,andthequestionsare

mounting.Researchindicatesthatemotionalqualitieslikecourage,persistence,and

motivationmaybeevenmoreimportanttostudents'successthantheknowledgeorskills

theyacquire,andtheyalldependheavilyonhumanrelationships.Knowledgeacquisition

istheonlyaspectofeducationthattoday'sdigitaltechnologyseemsespeciallywell

adaptedto.Sofar,mostsoftwareapplications,platforms,apps,andgames,including

Knewton's,havebeenoptimizedfortransferringquantitative,boundedbodiesoffactsin

fieldslikemath,science,orengineering,aswellasbasicliteracyandgrammar.An

adaptive-learningplatformlikeKnewton'sishelplesstoanalyzeastudent'sinsightin

classdiscussions,thespecialbrillianceofanessay,orcreativityinagrouppresentation.

Inararemomentofmodesty,Ferreiraagrees."Intheend,"hesays,"maybeKnewtonis

justatool.'1

12^Studentsgetpersonalizedstudyplanandteachersgetdetailedinformationabout

students*performancefromKnewtonplatform.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)students,teachers以及personalizedstudyplan定位到H段。H段

首句講述Knewton通過(guò)已經(jīng)獲取的信息為學(xué)生提供個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)方案，比如學(xué)生接

下來(lái)該學(xué)習(xí)什么。第3句則提到，老師也可以通過(guò)該平臺(tái)看到學(xué)生究竟覺(jué)得哪個(gè)概

念難，以及學(xué)生在做家庭作業(yè)時(shí)每道題嘗試了多少次，需耍多少提示等信息，所以

本題是H段的大意概括。

13、Withcooperationwithmajortextbookpublishers,Knewton?stechnologywillbe

accessibletomanyuniversitiesbeginningfromthisautumn.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C、’

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過(guò)textbookpublishers鎖定C段。C段第3句說(shuō)，從這個(gè)秋季尸

始。美國(guó)的大多數(shù)大專院校以及幼兒園到高中范圍的學(xué)校都可以使用Knewion的

技術(shù)，這得益于Knewton與三大教材出版商的新近合作。題目中的cooperation對(duì)

應(yīng)原文的partnerships；accessibleto對(duì)應(yīng)availableto；autumn對(duì)應(yīng)fall,所以本題

信息來(lái)自C段。

14、WhencurriculumsareputintoKnewton'splatform,they'relabeledwithproper

concepts.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)concept鎖定G段。G段第1、2句講到Knewton平臺(tái)是所有“事

實(shí)”的集合，而這些"事實(shí)''可以被稱為“原子概念第3句提到，當(dāng)Pearson等教材

出版商”課程輸入到Knewlon平臺(tái)的時(shí)候。這些內(nèi)容都會(huì)被貼上一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)合適

的概念標(biāo)簽。題目中的putinto對(duì)應(yīng)文中o；labeledwith對(duì)應(yīng)tagged

with；prupci對(duì)應(yīng)叩0。?1訕）其他信息點(diǎn)均致，所以本題信息來(lái)自G段。

15、TheKnewtonsystempaysattentiontostudents*confidenceproblems.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過(guò)confidenceproblems定位到J段。該段首句提到Knewton系統(tǒng)會(huì)

通過(guò)分析來(lái)保持學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。第2句舉例提到當(dāng)它發(fā)現(xiàn)你似乎信心不足時(shí)，

會(huì)讓你從一些你很可能做對(duì)的題目開(kāi)始練習(xí)。題目中的paysattentionto對(duì)應(yīng)原文

的notices,其他信息點(diǎn)均一致，所以本題信息來(lái)自于J段。

16、KnewtonbasicallyworksinthesamewayasGoogle,butonlyforlearning.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過(guò)Google定位到F段。該段首句提到Knewton從本質(zhì)上來(lái)講就是

一個(gè)推薦引擎，只不過(guò)是用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的；第3句提到Google使用的就是推薦引擎，

所以得出Knewton和Google的工作原理是一樣的，所以本題是對(duì)該段第1句和第

3句的概括總結(jié)。

17、Adaptivelearningisaphraseusedtoindicateeducationalsoftwarethatchangesthe

materialspresentedtousersaccordingtotheirinput.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)educationalsoftware和input鎖定C段。該段首句提到自適應(yīng)學(xué)

習(xí)這個(gè)說(shuō)法日益普遍，它指那些時(shí)刻根據(jù)用戶的輸人來(lái)提供個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)材料的教學(xué)

軟件。題中的phrase與原文的saying對(duì)應(yīng)，changesthematerialspresentedtousers

與customizesitspresentationofmaterial對(duì)應(yīng)，其他信息點(diǎn)也一致，所以本題信息來(lái)

自C段。

18、Knewtonhelpslittleindevelopingstudents*emotionalqualities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)emotionalqualities定位到K段。該段第2句提到有研究表明：

比起學(xué)生所獲取的知識(shí)或者技能，像勇氣、毅力和積極性這些情商因素對(duì)學(xué)生的成

功更重要，而這些因素很大程度上取決于人際關(guān)系。而第3句提出目前的電子數(shù)碼

技術(shù)只特別適用于知識(shí)的獲取，故可推知其在培養(yǎng)情商方面幫助不大。

19、Adaptivelearningsoftwaresystemshavemanypoliticalsupporters.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)politicalsupporters定位至I」E段.該段第2句說(shuō)雖然關(guān)于學(xué)校改

革的爭(zhēng)議不斷，但是電子數(shù)碼領(lǐng)域的革新卻因其可以吸引學(xué)生并能使課堂向21世

紀(jì)的現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)變而在整個(gè)政界贏得了眾多支持者，這里的電子數(shù)碼領(lǐng)域的革新包含

自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)軟件，因此可判斷本題信息來(lái)自E段。

20、Inatraditionalclass,studentscan'tgettimelyhomeworkfeedback.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)Inatraditionalclass定位到I段。該段第1句說(shuō)在傳統(tǒng)的課堂

里，老師用單一的節(jié)奏領(lǐng)著一群學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)順序既定的教學(xué)材料。第2句繼續(xù)講述傳

統(tǒng)課堂的情況，提到（老師的）反饋是延遲的，比如你需要一到兩天后才能拿回咋業(yè)

或者突擊測(cè)驗(yàn)卷。題目信息是對(duì)這兩句的總結(jié)，因此選I。

21、AninvestorbelievedinKnewtonbecauseitownsthecharacteristicshevaluesina

deal.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)investor,characteristics和inadeal鎖定B段。該段第3句說(shuō),

Knewton的一個(gè)早期投資人PeterThiel告訴Knewton的員工，Knewton擁有兩個(gè)他

在做交易時(shí)所尋求的重要特征，由此可判斷，本題信息來(lái)自B段。

四、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共70分。）

Girlsthinktheyarecleverer,moresuccessfulandharderworkingthanboysfromas

youngasfour,astudyhasfound.Boyscomeroundtothisviewbytheageofsevenor

eightandassumethatgirlswilloutperformthematschoolandbehavebetterinlessons,

researchfromtheUniversityofKentshows.Thestudy-GenderExpectationsand

StereotypeThreat—arguesthatteachershavelowerexpectationsofboysthanofgirlsand

thisbelieffulfilsitselfthroughoutprimaryandsecondaryschool.Girls1performanceat

schoolmaybeboostedbywhattheyperceivetobetheirteachers'beliefthattheywill

achievehigherresultsandbemoreconscientious(勤奮的)thanboys,theacademics

claim.Boysmayunderachievebecausetheypickuponteachers'assumptionsthatthey

willobtainlowerresultsthangirlsandhavelessdrive."Bysevenoreightyearsold,

childrenofbothgendersbelievethatboysarclessfocused,ableandsuccessfulthan

girls—andthinkthatadultsendorse(認(rèn)可)thisstereotype,"theacademicBonnyHartley

said."Therearesignsthattheseexpectationshavethepotentialtobecomeself-fulfilling

ininfluencingchildren'sactualconductandachievement."Hartleysaidthatwhileitwas

unacceptabletodivideclassesbytheraceoftheirpupils,thiswasnotthecaseforgender.

"Inthisway,itiswidelyacceptabletopitchtheboysagainstthegirlsor'harmlessly'

dividetheclassinthiswayforpracticalease."JennyParkes,seniorlectureratthe

InstituteofEducation,UniversityofLondon,saidtherehadbeenmarkedchangesingirls'

achievementintheUKinthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,inpartthankstofeminism's

influenceonthewaygirlsviewthemselves."Thisseemstobeparticularlythecasefor

middle-classgirls.Somestudieshavelookedathowacademicworkisseenas'feminine'

andsoforsomeboysachievinghighlyatschoolrisksbeinglabelledasfeminine,"Parkes

said."Atthesametime,thisdiffersacrossdifferentcountries,ethnicandsocialclass

groupsandfromsubjecttosubject.Adultsdohaveanimportantroleinhelping

children—whethertheyaregirlsorboys,highorlowachievers——tohaveconfidencein

themselvesaslearners."

22>ThestudyGenderExpectationsandStereotypeThreatshowsthat.

ANgirlsbecomeclevererthanboysfromasyoungasfour

B、teachersbelievethatgirlscouldoutperformboysatschool

C^teachershavehigherexpectationsofgirlsonlyduringprimaryschool

D、boysbegintofulfillthemselvesintheirstudybytheageofsevenoreight

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段提到該研究指出，老師對(duì)男孩的期望值比女孩要低(lower

expectationsofboysthanofgirls),B中的girlscouldoutperformboys與此同義;第1

段末也出現(xiàn)類似說(shuō)法(girlswilloutperformthematschool),故B為正確答案。

23、Thelikelyresultofteachers'genderprejudiceisthat.

A、boyshavenotenoughmotivationtodowellatschool

B、girlsarelesssuccessfulintheirstudythanboys

C^parentsalsopickuponthesamenotion

D、boysareunderestimatedbygirls

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該段提到教師的偏見(jiàn)所產(chǎn)生的后果：女孩因受鼓勵(lì)而表現(xiàn)更優(yōu)異

(Girls,perfbnnance...maybeboosted...),男孩因缺乏動(dòng)力(havelessdrive)表現(xiàn)不佳

(Boysmayunderachieve)oA與該段最后一句意思相同，故為答案。

24、WhatdocsBonnyHartleythinkofclassdivisionbygender?

A、Inevitable.

Unpractical.

C、Beneficial.

D、Unacceptable.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該段倒數(shù)第2句說(shuō)到Hartley認(rèn)為盡管按種族來(lái)分班的做法不可取，

但按性別類分班卻另當(dāng)別論。言下之意即為，按性別分班的方法是可取的。同時(shí)結(jié)

合該段最后一句的關(guān)鍵詞widelyacceptable,harmlessly,forpracticeease等可知，

按性別分班的做法是“有益的”，故應(yīng)選C。

25、WhydidBritishgirlshavegreatacademicprogressinthelatterhalfofthe20th

century?

A^Boyswithgoodperformanceatschoolwerelabeledasfeminine.

B、Feminismadvocatedwomen'ssuperiorityovermen.

C、Middle-classgirlswereparticularlysmart.

D^Feminismaffectedthegirls'viewofthemselves.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第5段末的inpartthanksto之后的內(nèi)容即為原因，D中的affected對(duì)

應(yīng)文中的influence；thegirls'viewofthemselves對(duì)應(yīng)文中的thewaygirlsview

themselves,故D為正確答案。

26、Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A、Adultsshouldbesureofthemselvesaslearners.

B、Adultscouldcontributealottochildren'slearning.

C^Adultsshouldpayalltheirattentiontoboysoflowachievement.

D、Allthecountrieshavethesameattitudetochildren'slearning.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章最后一句提到大人在幫助孩子建立自信的方面起著至關(guān)重要的作

用，B”大人可以對(duì)小孩的學(xué)習(xí)作出很多貢獻(xiàn)”是合理的推斷，故為正確答案。

"Wehavebeenignoringthebiggestglobalhealththreatofthe21stcentury."Thiswasthe

messagespelledoutinareportlaunchedbydoctorsandclimatologists（氣候?qū)W家）in

London.Overthecomingcentury,climatechangewillworsenvirtuallyeveryhealth

problemweknowof."Thehealthsectorhasinthepastnotonlyunderestimatedbut

completelyneglectedandignoredtheissues/1saidRichardHorton,editorofTheLancet.

"Thishasnotbeenanissueontheagendaofanyprofessionalbodyinhealthoverthelast

10yearsinanysignificantway."TheLancetcommissionedthereportfromapanelof

specialistsatUniversityCollegeLondon.Thedoctorssaidtheyfeltthetidewasturning,

however."Itistruethatthehealthsectorisbeginningtowakeuptothis,'1saidHugh

Montgomery,directorofUCL*sInstituteforHumanHealthandPerformance.Hecited

theUK'sRoyalCollegeofPhysicians,whosepresidenthasmadeclimatechange"pretty

muchitsnumberonepriority".AnthonyCostello,directorofUCL'sInstituteforGlobal

Health,saidthathelpingtowritethereporthadbeenapersonalwake-upcall."Eighteen

monthsago,Ifelttherewereotherpriorities,"hesaid."Ithoughtinfantdeathswerea

muchmoreimmediaterisktothedevelopingcountriesIvisited."Thereportalertedhim

uptothefactthattheworldisfacingaglobalcrisis.'*1wanttoretainsomeoptimism.If

wedoactnow,wecanholdbackthiscrisis.'*Thedoctorsandresearcherslistedshortages

ofwaterandfood,alongwithwarandecologicalcollapse,asthemostpressinghealth

threatsposedbyclimatechange.Themessagedoesnotappeartohavefilteredthroughto

thefamilydoctorsandhealthpolicy-makerswhosejobistosavelives."Thinkofthe

averagegeneralpractitioner,"saidMarkMaslin,aclimatologistatUCL.Betweenshort

appointmentsandstrugglingtokeepupwithmedicaljournals,theyhavelittletimeto

factorclimatechangeintotheirlonglistofresponsibilities."Thisreportsaysthemedical

professionhastowakeup,"saidMaslin."Pullingourhairout,sayingwe'reailgoingto

diehorriblydoesnotsavelives."

27、Inthe21stcentury,people'shealthwillbethreatenedmostseverelyby.

A、climatechange

B、thewatershortage

C、thecontinualwars

D、infantdeaths

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第1句即提到?份新報(bào)告指出“21世紀(jì)全球健康狀況的最大威脅

一直被我們忽視”，第2段則指出這個(gè)威脅就是climatechange,故A為答案。

28、TheUK'sRoyalCollegeofPhysiciansiscitedbyHughMontgomeryto.

A^wakeuppeopletopaycloseattentiontoclimatechange

B、provethatpeoplewasturningtheirattentiontoclimatechange

C、praisethepresidentofthatcollegewhowasveryfar-sighted

D^showthatpeoplehadfocusedonclimatechangelongbefore

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該段最后一句提到該學(xué)院的校長(zhǎng)將氣候變化視為“頭號(hào)考慮對(duì)

象”(numberonepriority),證明他們對(duì)climatechange的重視。這與該段第1句提到

的醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為thetidewasturning(其中thetide指第3段提到的climatechange被醫(yī)

學(xué)界忽視的問(wèn)題)相吻合，故可確定這個(gè)例子是為J’說(shuō)明thetideisturning這一主題

的，B與此相符，故為答案。

29、WecanlearnfromParagraph5thatAnthonyCostello.

A^isthedirectorofUniversityCollegeLondon

B、waswokenupafterreadingthereport

C、hadvisitedsomedevelopingnationswheremanyinfantsdied

D^realizedthethreatofclimatechangeonhisvisitstodevelopingnations

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第5段第3句提到AnthonyCoslello去過(guò)一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家，并因此認(rèn)

為infantdeaths才是這些國(guó)家現(xiàn)在面臨的首要危機(jī)，由此可推測(cè)這些國(guó)家的嬰兒死

亡率一定很高，C與此相符，故為答案。

30、Thephrase"theaveragegeneralpractitioner"(Line1,Para.7)mostprobablyrefers

to.

A、thedoctorofaverageability

BNthemedicalresearchspecialist

C、theordinaryfamilydoctor

D、thebusypracticalnurse

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由該段可知，Iheaveragegeneralpraciilioner有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：需”出

診”(shortappointments)和追蹤醫(yī)學(xué)期刊上的最新進(jìn)展(keepupwithmedical

journals),并且沒(méi)有時(shí)間關(guān)注climatechange,這與第6段末提到的familydoctors

的情況類似(該句指出氣候變化的嚴(yán)重性還沒(méi)有被家庭醫(yī)生所知曉)，據(jù)此，可以確

定C最符合文意，為正確答案。

31、Whatisthepracticalvalueofthereportmentionedinthepassage?

A、Ithelpsthemedicalfieldpredictthatallthepeoplewilldieterribly.

Itidentifiesthemostsuitableplaceforpeopletolivein.

C、Itanalyzesthepotentialthreatspeoplewillmeetwithinthe21stcentury.

D、Italertsthemedicalfieldtothehealththreatcausedbyclimatechange.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：綜觀全文，該報(bào)告揭示了一直被人們低估甚至忽略的問(wèn)題：氣候變化

是全球健康的最大威脅。由文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的wakeuptothis,wake-upcall,

alerted...up,hastowakeup等詞可知，該報(bào)告旨在熊醒人們要重視氣候變化對(duì)健康

的威脅，D與此相符，故為答案。

五、翻譯?漢譯英(本題共［題，每題7.0分，共I分。)

32、刺繡(embroidery)是一種具彳j悠久歷史的傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)手工藝品(handicraRarl)。刺

繡是用繡針和彩線在織物繡制各種圖案。傳統(tǒng)刺繡既可以單面繡圖，也可以雙面繡

圖。人們將中國(guó)的繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)應(yīng)用在刺繡中。刺繡的圖案包括花鳥(niǎo)魚(yú)蟲(chóng)、風(fēng)景和人物

等。人物刺繡強(qiáng)調(diào)逼真的圖案。作為中國(guó)古代的一種工藝品，刺繡極大地促進(jìn)了中

國(guó)物質(zhì)文明的發(fā)展。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：EmbroideryisakindoftraditionalChinesehandicraftartwithalong

history.Itreferstocreatingvariouspatternsonfabricswithneedlesandcoloredthreads.

Traditionalembroideryproductscandisplaypatternseitherononesideoronbothsides.

TheartofChinesepaintinghasbeenappliedtoembroidery,whosedesignsinclude

flowers,birds,fish,insects,landscapesandhumanfigures.Embroideryofhumanfigures

emphasizesvividpatterns.AsoneoftheancienthandicraftartsofChina,embroideryhas

greatlycontributedtothedevelopmentofChinesematerialcivilization.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：1.翻譯較長(zhǎng)的陳述句，首要任務(wù)是分析句子主干，確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

第1句的主干是“刺繡是一種手工藝品”，定語(yǔ)成分“具有悠久歷史的“可使用介詞短

語(yǔ)withalonghistory來(lái)表達(dá)。2.第2句是對(duì)“刺繡”下定義，本句若按中文語(yǔ)序譯

成Embroideryistouse...tocreate…則是中式英文，不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。譯文將其

處理成F定義的refersto…的句型。“繡制J”可直譯成embroider,也可按意思處理成

create或draw。"彩線"的“彩"譯成colored,也可譯成colorful。前者代表“看了色的

線”，后者指“五顏六色的“，用在此處都恰當(dāng)。3.第3句的主語(yǔ)“傳統(tǒng)刺繡”增譯

produci一詞，意為刺繡產(chǎn)品，表達(dá)更加完整?！爸皇菃蚊胬C圖”可轉(zhuǎn)譯成“展示的圖

案只有一面“，避免了動(dòng)詞embroider(繡)和名詞embroidery兩個(gè)同根詞出現(xiàn)在同一

個(gè)句子中，使句子表達(dá)更簡(jiǎn)潔?！凹瓤梢浴部梢浴笨捎胑ither…or…表達(dá)。

4.翻譯第4句時(shí)可進(jìn)行語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換，將“繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)”譯成主語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，以示強(qiáng)

調(diào)。5.第4句和第5句中的“圖案”可譯成pattern或design。但譯成picture則不恰

當(dāng)，這個(gè)詞主要指“圖畫(huà)、繪畫(huà)、圖片6.最后一句“促進(jìn)了"可譯成promoted或

boosted,也可用coniribuledlo來(lái)表達(dá)，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)除了常表達(dá)的“對(duì)……有貢獻(xiàn)”之

外，還有“促成，促進(jìn)”的意思。

六、短篇新聞(本題共7題，每題1.0分，共7分。)

33、

A、Sheoperatedheraircraftsingle-handed.

B、ShefollowedBoeing'scommercialroute.

「、Shedroveanoldaircra什sponsoredhyRoeing.

D、Shestoppedoccasionallytorepairaircraft.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題目詢問(wèn)Ms.Taylor怎樣完成飛行。新聞中有明確提到她是獨(dú)自駕

駛飛機(jī)的(drivealone),A中的single-handed指“獨(dú)自完成的”，與新聞中的drive

alone同義，故A為本題答案。

34、

A、Sheuploadedherpicturesontwitter.

B、Shelosthertemperseveraltimes.

C>Shearguedheatedlywithtechnicians.

D、Sheleftphotographersbehindhalfway.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題目詢問(wèn)飛行期間Mrs.Taylor經(jīng)歷了什么。新聞后段提到，她承認(rèn)

中途停下來(lái)加油時(shí)沖地勃發(fā)過(guò)火(nownintoarage),B“她有幾次發(fā)了脾氣”與新聞

內(nèi)容一致，為本題答案。

35、

A、Itraisedthefoodprices.

B、Itmethugerentrises.

C、Itattractedmorediners.

D、Itgained