廣東省東莞市海逸外國語學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢測英語試卷 （原卷版+解析版）

2024-2025學(xué)年第二學(xué)期十一年級第一次質(zhì)量檢測試卷—英語注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考號填寫在答題卡上，用2B鉛筆將考號、座位號填涂在答題卡上。2．選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案答在試題卷上無效。3．非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答卷上各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自己保留。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)第一節(jié)聽力理解(兩段共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)共兩小段，每段播放兩遍。請根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。聽第一段對話，回答第1～2題。1．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Attheairport.B．Atthetrainstation.C．Atthesubwaystation.2．Howlongwillthewomanhavetowait?A．Aboutanhour.B．Aboutanhourandahalf.C．Abouthalfanhour.聽第二段對話，回答第3～5題。3．Whatarethetwospeakersplanningtodo?A．Togototheparkforapicnic.B．Toenjoythesunshine.C．Toeatoutside.4．Whatwilltheydotoavoidadirtytable?A．Theywillhireacleaner.B．Theywillpacksomethingclean.C．Theywillbringatablecloth.5．Whatmighttheydonext?A．Gotothepark.B．Stayathome.C．GototheKFC.第二節(jié)聽取信息(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)聽下面一段材料。請根據(jù)題目要求，從所聽到的內(nèi)容中獲取必要的信息，填入標(biāo)號為6～10的空格中。聽錄音前，你將有10秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間，錄音讀兩遍。你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。RandyPauschContributionAsaprofessor,he6countlessstudentsintheclassroom.HislifeHeknewthathehadcancerin2006.On7182007,hedecidetogivealecture.Thelastlecture●Inhislastspeech,hedidn’ttalkabouthis8,butsharedwiththeaudiencehis9.●Hislecturebecameaninternationalmediastoryanda(n)10bookthathasbeenpublishedinmorethan35languages.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題2.5分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASciencefictionpioneerandwriterWuYanwontheNationalOutstandingChildren’sliteratureAwardforhislatestworkChinaOrbit.ThebookfocusesonthedevelopmentoftheChineseaerospaceindustry,anditwasinspiredbytheplanningandpreparationforChina’sfirstbutcanceledmannedspacecraft,“Shuguang1”,alsoknownasProject714,duringthelate1960sandearly1970s.“Icollectedmanyhistoricaldocumentsandstoriesandstartedwritingdecadesago,Wuremembered.PartlybasedonWu’sownexperiencesinthe1970s,thebookisacombinationofrealityandfiction,andinsomewayshisownmemoir(傳記)wasaddedintothesciencefiction.Thisinnovativeanduniquewritingmethodmakesthebookstandoutandhasevenstirredupadebateonhowtocategorizeit.Isitsciencefiction,popularscience,children’sliterature,oraerospaceliterature?HisfellowsciencefictionwriterLiuCixin,authorofTheThree-BodyProblem,seesitmoredeeply,andbelievesChinaOrbitisnotreallychildren’ssciencefictionorpopularscience.Hethinksitistoocomplicatedtobeclassedunderasinglecategory.HespeakshighlyofChinaOrbitasauniquesciencefictionnovelthatvividlyshowsachild’sreal-lifeexperienceinamilitaryofaspecificera.InWu’sopinion,Chinaisabigmarketforchildren’ssciencefiction,butitstilllacksextraordinaryworks.HewarnedpeoplenottotrytoearnquickmoneyfromitafterTheThree-BodyProblemfrenzy(狂熱)andmovieblockbuster(轟動(dòng))TheWonderingEarthbecauseChinesesciencefictionstillhasalongwaytogo.WeneedtobuildChinesesciencefictionstepbystep,withanaccumulationofreallygreatworks.Weneedtoinnovate,andtreatitaspartofbuildingChina’snewculture.1.What

is

the

book

China

Orbit

mainly

about?A.The

space

industry

in

China.B.The

introduction

to

Project

714.C.Stories

about

Chinese

outstanding

astronauts.D.Preparations

for

China’s

firstmannedspacecraft.2.What

is

Wu’s

approach

to

writing

China

Orbit?A.He

organizes

the

writing

by

time.BHe

tells

the

story

in

the

form

of

debate.C.He

focuses

on

creating

the

role

of

children.D.He

combines

his

personal

experiences

withfiction.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ChinaObithasgreatcommercialvalue.B.Chinesesciencemoviesareofpoorquality.C.InnovationiscrucialtoChinesesciencefiction.D.WuYanisdisappointedattheChinesefilmmarket.BWetrulyarewhatweeat—andwhatourancestorsate.Foodhaschangedwhoweareandhowwedevelopedforhundredsofthousandsofyears.Fromprocessingtopreservingtocooking,whathumansdidandcontinuetodotofoodplayedabigroleinshapingourevolution.Processedfoodisn’tjustamoderninvention,createdinfactoriesfromartificialingredients.Itisasoldashumanityitselfandmayhavehelpedcreateourspecies.Processingdoesn’tnecessarilymeanaddingchemicals-italsoincludeshittingorslicing(切片)orchangingthefoodinanywaybeforeeating.Comparedtoourancestors,modernhumanteeth,jawsandfaceshavegottensmallerrelativetooverallskullsizebecauseofmakingfoodeasiertochew,especiallyfromcooking.Processingfoodalsoledtoahugegaininleisuretime.Thelesstimepeoplespentchewing,themoretimetheyhadtodevelopcomplexorallanguage.Cookingfoodwasoneofthebiggestchangesinhumanhistory.Researchersbelieveitcouldhaveoccurredbetween1.8millionand400,000yearsago,HarvardprofessorRichardWranghamsaid,accordingtoNationalGeographic.Cookingincreasestheenergyandnutrientswegetfromfood.Withoutcooking,accordingtotheBBC,anaveragepersonwouldhavetoeataround5kilosofrawfoodtosurviveandwe’dhavetospendmostofthedaychewing.Cookingfoodalsobreaksdownitscells,soourstomachsneedtoworklesstoabsorbthenutrientsourbodiesrequire.“This,”saidProfessorPeterWheelerfromLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversity,UK,“freedupenergywhichcouldthenbeusedtopoweralargerbrain.Theincreaseinbrain-sizemirrorsthereductioninthesizeofthegut(腸道).”Processedfoodliterallyshapedusasaspeciesandmadeushuman-theonlyspeciesonEarthwhocancook.4.Whatcanweknowaboutprocessedfood?A.Itmakesfoodeasiertocook.B.Itismostlycreatedfromartificialingredients.C.Itappearsatleastsincethebeginningofhumanbeings.D.Itchangesthewaywetalk.5.Whatisthebenefitofcookingfoodtohumans?A.Itpracticeshumanchewingskills.B.Itcostshumanmoreleisuretime.C.Itreducesfooddigestionofhumans.D.Itsavesenergyforhumanstodevelopbrains.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mirrors”inparagraph4mean?A.benefits. B.reflects. C.influences. D.functions.CGovernmentagenciesandvolunteergroupsinmanyplacesareusingseacreaturestoprotectcoastalareasfromstormsandrisingsealevels.Theideaisthatlargegroupsofoysters(牡蠣)knownascolonies,canhelpreducethepowerofwaves.Powerfulwavescandamagelandsalongtheedgeofoceanwaters.Oystersmayplayanimportantpartindealingwiththeproblem.OystersarecentraltoaprojectthatistakingplacenearVaccaro’srebuilthouse.TheprojectisbeingcarriedoutbytheLittoreSociety.Itreceived$1millionfromtheNewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.Thegrouphasbeenbuildingsteelwirecontainers,fillingthemwithrocksandwhelk(海螺)shellsanpositioningthemalongtheshorelineofBarnegatBay.Tinybabyoystersareattachedtowhelkshellsandplacedintheexistingcagestofurtherstrengthentheshoreline.TheshorelineinVaccaro’sneighborhoodhaslost46metersofbeachsince1995,theLittoralSocietysays.Theoystersappeartobedoingtheirjob.Onerecentday,astrongeastwindblewacrossthebay.Butbetweentheoystersandtheshoreline,thewaterwasmuchcalmer,andwavesgentlywenontotheshorelineinsteadofhittingitwithforce.Asanaddedbenefit,theoystershelpimprovewaterqualityinthebay.TheAssociatedPressreportsthatasingleoystercanfilter(過濾)upto190litersofwateraday.Afewkilometerssouth,agroupcalledReClamtheBayisbuildinganoysterreeftoprotecttheshorelineofMordecaiIsland.Peopledonotliveontheisland,butitprotectstheshorelineofBeachHaven,atownonLongBeachIsland.Volunteersfillbagswith16kilogramsofwhelkshells,towhichmillionsofbabyoystershavebeenattached.Thenvolunteersmovethemouttothereefafewhundredyardsintotheocean.Theyhaveplaced10,000bagsofoystersandwhelkshellstheresince2015.7.Wheredothebabyoystersgrow?A.Onthesearocks. B.Insteelwirecages.C.Inshallowcalmwater. D.Inthefishermen’shouses.8.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph4?A.Thesealifeprojectworks. B.Thebabyoystersgrowwell.C.Thebeachstopsmissing. D.Theseapollutionisdropping.9.WhatdoweknowaboutReClamtheBay?A.ItcooperateswiththeLittoralSociety.B.ItoffersbabyoysterstotheLittoralSociety.CIthasthesameaimastheLittoralSociety.D.IthasmademoreprogressthantheLittoralSociety.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.OysterFarmingHasGreatBenefitsB.VolunteerOceanProtectionIsinActionC.WorldwideBeachesAreDisappearingFastD.LittleSeaCreatureCouldSaveCoastalLand第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyouthinkofthejobsrobotscouldneverdo,youwouldprobablyputdoctorsandteachersatthetopofthelist.It’seasytoimaginerobotcleanersandfactoryworkers,butsomejobsneedhumanconnectionandcreativity.Butareweunderestimating(低估)whatrobotscando?____11____Also,somepatientsmightfeelmorecomfortablesharingpersonalinformationwithamachinethanaperson.____12____BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoveroftheclassroom:2027.____13____Andteacherswillbelikeassistants.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents’facialexpressions,bodymovementsandmaybeevenbrainsignals.Thentheywilladapttheinformationtoeachstudent.It’snotapopularopinionandit’sunlikelyrobotswilleverhaveempathy(同感)andtheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumanslikeanotherhumancan.Onethingiscertain,though.____14____Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’tenoughteachersand9-16percentofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobotsbecausetheycanteachanywhere.Teachersallovertheworldareleavingbecauseitisadifficultjobandtheyfeeloverworked.Perhapsthequestionisnot“Willrobotsreplaceteachers?”but“Howcanrobotshelpteachers?”O(jiān)fficeworkerscanusesoftwaretodothings.____15____Ifrobotscouldcutthetimeteachersspendmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswouldhavemoretimeandenergyforthepartsofthejobhumansdobest.A.Teacherscanbereplacedbyrobots.B.Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.C.Teacherswastealotoftimedoingnon-teachingwork.D.Hepredictsrobotswilldothemainjoboftransferringinformation.E.Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?F.Robotscansavetimethatteachersspendinteachinginclassroom.G.Insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing(診斷)illness.第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasheadinghomeaftergivingmycolleaguealift.Itooka___16___asthesnowstormwasapproaching.Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdown___17___.WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.Thewindowswere___18___andgettingcoveredwithsnow,soIsloweddownandrolleddownmydriver'ssidewindow,thinkingIcouldbetter___19___theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline.Butreally,Ihadno___20___whereIwas.Istoppedandkeptthecarrunningtostay___21___.Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight.Thecallleftmein___22___.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Anideaoccurredtome.I___23___mylocationonlineandexplainedwhatIwas___24___,wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue.Soonenough,peoplestartedchiminginonmypost.Igota____25____fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby.Ihadneverbeenmore____26____.ThenIsawabig____27____inthedark.Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme,____28____thewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.“You’llbeOK.Followme.”Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthe____29____.Idroveslowlybehindhim.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotearsof____30____.16.A.shortcut B.turn C.look D.risk17.A.soon B.fast C.lightly D.suddenly18.A.locked B.closed C.frozen D.broken19.A.follow B.cover C.mark D.remember20.A.plan B.clue C.doubt D.problem21.A.awake B.calm C.warm D.still22.A.confusion B.trouble C.embarrassment D.panic23.A.confirmed B.found C.posted D.checked24.A.lookingat B.goingthrough C.searchingfor D.carryingout25.A.tip B.comment C.like D.message26.A.inspired B.relieved C.convinced D.amazed27.A.policeman B.creature C.shadow D.figure28.A.fighting B.avoiding C.checking D.reporting29.A.goal B.danger C.depth D.direction30.A.hope B.love C.gratitude D.pride第二節(jié)單句語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性，在下面空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語或使用括號中詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。31.Thepurposeofthisactivityis_________(show)ourrichcampuscultureandthestudents’varioustalents.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)32.Asachild,shelovedwatching______(comedy)bestandhopedtobecomeacomedyactoroneday.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)33.WangSulongnowisavery______(influence)figureinthemusicindustry.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)34.Tolivealow-carbonlife,peoplecanrely______publictransportationtogetthemtoandfromwork.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)35.Theproblemcomeswhencoolweatherdelaysthespringharvestofwheat,______inturndelaystheplantingofsoybeans.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)36.Much______(invest)inhospitalsandschoolsisneedednowtomatchthefutureneedsofourcountry.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)37.______exhibitionwillbeheldinmycitynextmonth,butwestilldon’tknowwhatitisabout.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)38.Infact,______weshoulddoistakemeasurestolearnEnglishwell.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)39.Hishome______(destroy)10yearsagoinabigstormthataffectedtheU.S.westcoast.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)40.Scotlandisadestinationforarelaxingholiday,______(describe)as“thehomeofgolf”.(所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空)第四部分寫作(共三節(jié)，滿分55分)第一節(jié)句子考查(51-54小題，每空0.5分，55-57每小題3分;滿分15分)根據(jù)下面各個(gè)句子的要求，完成、改寫或翻譯句子。41.Ithinkpeople,women____________(尤其),tendtoavoidtalkingaboutsuchsensitiveissues.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)42.He________________________(下定決心)tosailaroundtheworld.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)43.Therefore,everymemberinthefamily,includingtheservants,likedher.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Therefore,everymemberinthefamily,includingtheservants,__________________her.44.Asarepresentativeofthestaff,Iwishtoextendourwarmestwelcometoyou.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)__________________thestaff,Iwishtoextendourwarmestwelcometoyou.45.Johnasked,“Didyouseemysonyesterday?”(改為間接引語)____________________________________________________________________________________________46.Reducingtheincomegapinordertobuildaharmonioussocietyisarequirement.(用it作形式主語改寫)___________________________________________________________________________________________47.他當(dāng)時(shí)如此專注他的工作，以至于沒有意識到該吃晚飯了。(用so...that...翻譯)___________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作(滿分15分)48.請你以中學(xué)生李華的名義為一家英語網(wǎng)站寫一篇文章，呼吁更多中學(xué)生加入保護(hù)大熊貓的行列中來。內(nèi)容包括：1.大熊貓(thegiantpanda)是中國的國寶，也是世界稀有動(dòng)物之一；2.大熊貓主要以竹子為食，曾經(jīng)由于竹林遭到破壞，大熊貓覓食越來越困難；3.發(fā)出呼吁。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫(滿分25分)49.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Rick,aten-year-oldboy,wasconstantlyangryateverythingaroundhim.Healwaysfoughtinschoolwiththeotherkids.Oncehehadanoutburstinschool.Upsetbysomethingaclassmatesaidtohim,hepushedtheboy,andafighthappened.Whentheteachersteppedintobreakitup,Rickwentcrazy,throwingpapersandbooksaroundtheclassroomandrushingout.Histeacherscouldn’tsayanythingthatwouldcomfortthekid.Andtheparentsofhisschoolmatesweregettingconcerned.Rickwasearningquitethereputation.Aftertalkingwithschoolofficials,Rick’smomtriedeverythingshecouldtocalmRickdown.Shetrieddifferentmethodsuntilonedayshecamehomewithacanvas(畫布)andpaint.“What’sthis?”,Rickasked.Rick’smomhandedoverthepaintingequipmentandsaid,“Wheneveryoufeelangry,paintwhateveryou’reangryaboutinsteadofburstingout.”Rickwasn’tthathappyaboutitbuthegaveitatryanyway.Overthenextfewweeks,theyoungboycreatedseveralartworks.Theymostlyshoweddisturbingimagesthough.SohismomtookallofthepaintingsandcalledRickoversothattheycouldtalkaboutthem.“Tellme,Rick.Whatarethesepaintingsabout?”“Well,thefirstpaintingisabouthowsomeofthekidsshowofftheirnewclothesandpencilcases.ThenextpaintingisaboutmyteacherwhokeepstellingmeabouthowI’mdoingthingswrong.Andthelastpaintingisabouthowoneofmyschoolmate’sfathersuggestedthatIchangemyattitude.Allofthemmakemesoangry.”Rick’smom,inacalmvoice,tookRickbyhersideandtoldhim:“Don’tyouseeit,Rick?”“Seewhat?”Rickasked.“You’resoangryatallofthesethingsbutnotoncedidyoutrytounderstandwhyyou’regettingsoangry.Whathaveallthesepeopledonetoyou,really?”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Rickwaslostinthought_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rickknewitwastimetochange.__________________________________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2024-2025學(xué)年第二學(xué)期十一年級第一次質(zhì)量檢測試卷—英語注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考號填寫在答題卡上，用2B鉛筆將考號、座位號填涂在答題卡上。2．選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案答在試題卷上無效。3．非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答卷上各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自己保留。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)第一節(jié)聽力理解(兩段共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)共兩小段，每段播放兩遍。請根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。聽第一段對話，回答第1～2題。1．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Attheairport.B．Atthetrainstation.C．Atthesubwaystation.2．Howlongwillthewomanhavetowait?A．Aboutanhour.B．Aboutanhourandahalf.C．Abouthalfanhour.聽第二段對話，回答第3～5題。3．Whatarethetwospeakersplanningtodo?A．Togototheparkforapicnic.B．Toenjoythesunshine.C．Toeatoutside.4．Whatwilltheydotoavoidadirtytable?A．Theywillhireacleaner.B．Theywillpacksomethingclean.C．Theywillbringatablecloth.5．Whatmighttheydonext?A．Gotothepark.B．Stayathome.C．GototheKFC.第二節(jié)聽取信息(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)聽下面一段材料。請根據(jù)題目要求，從所聽到的內(nèi)容中獲取必要的信息，填入標(biāo)號為6～10的空格中。聽錄音前，你將有10秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間，錄音讀兩遍。你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。RandyPauschContributionAsaprofessor,he6countlessstudentsintheclassroom.HislifeHeknewthathehadcancerin2006.On718,2007,hedecidetogivealecture.Thelastlecture●Inhislastspeech,hedidn’ttalkabouthis8,butsharedwiththeaudiencehis9.●Hislecturebecameaninternationalmediastoryanda(n)10bookthathasbeenpublishedinmorethan35languages.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題2.5分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASciencefictionpioneerandwriterWuYanwontheNationalOutstandingChildren’sliteratureAwardforhislatestworkChinaOrbit.ThebookfocusesonthedevelopmentoftheChineseaerospaceindustry,anditwasinspiredbytheplanningandpreparationforChina’sfirstbutcanceledmannedspacecraft,“Shuguang1”,alsoknownasProject714,duringthelate1960sandearly1970s.“Icollectedmanyhistoricaldocumentsandstoriesandstartedwritingdecadesago,Wuremembered.PartlybasedonWu’sownexperiencesinthe1970s,thebookisacombinationofrealityandfiction,andinsomewayshisownmemoir(傳記)wasaddedintothesciencefiction.Thisinnovativeanduniquewritingmethodmakesthebookstandoutandhasevenstirredupadebateonhowtocategorizeit.Isitsciencefiction,popularscience,children’sliterature,oraerospaceliterature?HisfellowsciencefictionwriterLiuCixinauthorofTheThree-BodyProblem,seesitmoredeeply,andbelievesChinaOrbitisnotreallychildren’ssciencefictionorpopularscience.Hethinksitistoocomplicatedtobeclassedunderasinglecategory.HespeakshighlyofChinaOrbitasauniquesciencefictionnovelthatvividlyshowsachild’sreal-lifeexperienceinamilitaryofaspecificera.InWu’sopinion,Chinaisabigmarketforchildren’ssciencefiction,butitstilllacksextraordinaryworks.HewarnedpeoplenottotrytoearnquickmoneyfromitafterTheThree-BodyProblemfrenzy(狂熱)andmovieblockbuster(轟動(dòng))TheWonderingEarthbecauseChinesesciencefictionstillhasalongwaytogo.WeneedtobuildChinesesciencefictionstepbystep,withanaccumulationofreallygreatworks.Weneedtoinnovate,andtreatitaspartofbuildingChina’snewculture.1.What

is

the

book

China

Orbit

mainly

about?A.The

space

industry

in

China.B.The

introduction

to

Project

714.C.Stories

about

Chinese

outstanding

astronauts.D.Preparations

for

China’s

firstmannedspacecraft.2.What

is

Wu’s

approach

to

writing

China

Orbit?A.He

organizes

the

writing

by

time.B.He

tells

the

story

in

the

form

of

debate.C.He

focuses

on

creating

the

role

of

children.D.He

combines

his

personal

experiences

withfiction.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ChinaObithasgreatcommercialvalue.B.Chinesesciencemoviesareofpoorquality.C.InnovationiscrucialtoChinesesciencefiction.D.WuYanisdisappointedattheChinesefilmmarket.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文闡述了作家吳巖憑借其最新作品《中國軌道號》獲得了全國優(yōu)秀兒童文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，并圍繞這部兒童科幻作品，說明中國兒童科幻小說存在的問題和努力的方向。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThebookfocusesonthedevelopmentoftheChineseaerospaceindustry(這本書的重點(diǎn)是中國航空航天工業(yè)的發(fā)展)”可知，ChinaOrbit這本書主要講的是中國的航天工業(yè)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“PartlybasedonWu’sownexperiencesinthe1970s,thebookisacombinationofrealityandfiction,andinsomewayshisownmemoir(傳記)wasaddedintothesciencefiction.Thisinnovativeanduniquewritingmethodmakesthebookstandoutandhasevenstirredupadebateonhowtocategorizeit.(這本書部分取材于他自己在20世紀(jì)70年代的經(jīng)歷，是現(xiàn)實(shí)與虛構(gòu)的結(jié)合，在某種程度上，他自己的回憶錄被添加到科幻小說中。這種創(chuàng)新和獨(dú)特的寫作方法使這本書脫穎而出，甚至引發(fā)了一場關(guān)于如何分類的爭論。)”可知，吳巖把他自己的回憶錄添加到了科幻小說中。因此，吳的寫作方法是他把個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和小說結(jié)合起來。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“WeneedtobuildChinesesciencefictionstepbystep,withanaccumulationofreallygreatworks.Weneedtoinnovate,andtreatitaspartofbuildingChina’snewculture.(我們需要一步一步地建設(shè)中國科幻小說，積累真正偉大的作品。我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新，把創(chuàng)新作為建設(shè)中國新文化的一部分。)”可知，從最后一段我們能推斷出創(chuàng)新是中國科幻小說的關(guān)鍵。故選C。BWetrulyarewhatweeat—andwhatourancestorsate.Foodhaschangedwhoweareandhowwedevelopedforhundredsofthousandsofyears.Fromprocessingtopreservingtocooking,whathumansdidandcontinuetodotofoodplayedabigroleinshapingourevolution.Processedfoodisn’tjustamoderninventioncreatedinfactoriesfromartificialingredients.Itisasoldashumanityitselfandmayhavehelpedcreateourspecies.Processingdoesn’tnecessarilymeanaddingchemicals-italsoincludeshittingorslicing(切片)orchangingthefoodinanywaybeforeeating.Comparedtoourancestors,modernhumanteeth,jawsandfaceshavegottensmallerrelativetooverallskullsizebecauseofmakingfoodeasiertochew,especiallyfromcooking.Processingfoodalsoledtoahugegaininleisuretime.Thelesstimepeoplespentchewing,themoretimetheyhadtodevelopcomplexorallanguage.Cookingfoodwasoneofthebiggestchangesinhumanhistory.Researchersbelieveitcouldhaveoccurredbetween1.8millionand400,000yearsago,HarvardprofessorRichardWranghamsaid,accordingtoNationalGeographic.Cookingincreasestheenergyandnutrientswegetfromfood.Withoutcooking,accordingtotheBBC,anaveragepersonwouldhavetoeataround5kilosofrawfoodtosurviveandwe’dhavetospendmostofthedaychewing.Cookingfoodalsobreaksdownitscells,soourstomachsneedtoworklesstoabsorbthenutrientsourbodiesrequire.“This,”saidProfessorPeterWheelerfromLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversity,UK,“freedupenergywhichcouldthenbeusedtopoweralargerbrain.Theincreaseinbrain-sizemirrorsthereductioninthesizeofthegut(腸道).”Processedfoodliterallyshapedusasaspeciesandmadeushuman-theonlyspeciesonEarthwhocancook.4.Whatcanweknowaboutprocessedfood?A.Itmakesfoodeasiertocook.B.Itismostlycreatedfromartificialingredients.C.Itappearsatleastsincethebeginningofhumanbeings.D.Itchangesthewaywetalk.5.Whatisthebenefitofcookingfoodtohumans?A.Itpracticeshumanchewingskills.BItcostshumanmoreleisuretime.C.Itreducesfooddigestionofhumans.D.Itsavesenergyforhumanstodevelopbrains.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mirrors”inparagraph4mean?A.benefits. B.reflects. C.influences. D.functions.【答案】4.C5.D6.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了食物與人類進(jìn)化之間的關(guān)系，人類隨著食物的變化而逐漸發(fā)展?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itisasoldashumanityitselfandmayhavehelpedcreateourspecies.Processingdoesn’tnecessarilymeanaddingchemicals-italsoincludeshittingorslicing(切片)orchangingthefoodinanywaybeforeeating.(它和人類本身一樣古老，可能幫助創(chuàng)造了我們這個(gè)物種。加工并不一定意味著添加化學(xué)物質(zhì)，它還包括在吃之前擊打或切片或以任何方式改變食物。)”可知，加工食品至少從人類開始就出現(xiàn)了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thelesstimepeoplespentchewing,themoretimetheyhadtodevelopcomplexorallanguage.(人們花在咀嚼上的時(shí)間越少，他們發(fā)展復(fù)雜口語的時(shí)間就越多。)”和第四段“Cookingfoodalsobreaksdownitscells,soourstomachsneedtoworklesstoabsorbthenutrientsourbodiesrequire.“This,”saidProfessorPeterWheelerfromLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversity,UK,“freedupenergywhichcouldthenbeusedtopoweralargerbrain.Theincreaseinbrain-sizemirrorsthereductioninthesize