浙江專用2024高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一第二部分題型應(yīng)對策略第二講做出推理和判斷-推理判斷題教案

PAGE1-其次講做出推理和推斷——推理推斷題推理推斷題是歷年高考英語閱讀理解的命題集中點，包括推理和推斷兩個方面，屬于深層理解題。高考對推理推斷題的考查形式包括以下幾種：推斷隱含意義、推斷目的意圖、推斷文章出處或讀者對象、推斷觀點看法。高考推理推斷題題量統(tǒng)計考綱解讀年份浙江卷(1)推理推斷是指在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的示意，做出確定的推理和推斷，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。(2)主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的實力以及考生的識別實力。(3)推理推斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義?！究疾樘攸c】Ⅰ.把握推理推斷題常見的命題方式：(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat________．(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis________．(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...?(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby________．(8)Thefirst/lastparagraphservesasa(n)________．Ⅱ.駕馭推理推斷題的考查角度：(1)高頻考點：推斷隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點看法。(2)低頻考點：推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、目標(biāo)讀者。eq\a\vs4\al([考向1])推斷隱含意義題——邏輯分析得結(jié)論推斷隱含意義題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出合情合理的推理和推斷，即考生不僅須要讀懂原文，而且還要理解作者的言外之意。其涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句或某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都要以文中供應(yīng)的信息為依據(jù)。常見的設(shè)問方式：◆Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________．◆Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．◆Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________．◆Whatcanweinferabout...?◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?◆Whatdoesthe...paragraphimply?[典例](2024·全國卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto________．A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．a(chǎn)ssessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpoliticseq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息inferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sproject其次步定位到原文信息句，并找出體現(xiàn)觀點看法的關(guān)鍵句Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.第三步進(jìn)行合理推斷得出答案Whaley創(chuàng)辦這個項目的目的不僅僅是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會閱讀和在公共場合演講，更重要的是讓他們發(fā)覺自己的特長，從而樹立自信。自主解答：Aeq\a\vs4\al()第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息。其次步在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，立足原文，再結(jié)合語境和生活常識進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理推斷。eq\a\vs4\al([考向2])寫作意圖題——文體特點看意圖通常狀況下，作者在文中不干脆陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以，這種題型要求考生具備對作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的實力。常見的設(shè)問方式：◆Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?◆Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?◆Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?◆Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?◆Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto________．[典例](2024·浙江卷6月·A)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop？Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60，000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中關(guān)鍵信息purpose其次步速讀文章，試找出相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵句Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.第三步與選項進(jìn)行對比得出答案依據(jù)文中對查爾斯·狄更斯及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的介紹，和文章最終一句可知，本文寫于查爾斯·狄更斯誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀(jì)念查爾斯·狄更斯這位宏大的作家。自主解答：Aeq\a\vs4\al()寫作意圖通常有以下三種：1．toentertainreaders/totellanexperience常見于記敘文、個人經(jīng)驗或故事類的文章。2．topersuadereaders/tosellaproductoraservice/toattractreadersorvisitors常見于廣告。3．toinformreaders/toreport/totell/todescribe常見于科普類、新聞報道類、文化類或社會生活類的文章，以及勸說類或建議類的文章。eq\a\vs4\al([考向3])觀點看法題——依據(jù)措辭定看法高考英語閱讀理解對觀點看法類的設(shè)題越來越敏捷，題目難度也有所增加，考查作者對文中人、事、物或內(nèi)容的觀點或看法的題量較多。這對考生對文章的主旨大意和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的理解提出了更高的要求，考生要利用多種閱讀理解的技巧來細(xì)致確定提干的關(guān)鍵信息，借此定位文中的原句并精確推斷出答案。常見的設(shè)問方式：◆Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?◆Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?◆Whatistheauthor’sopinionon/about...?◆Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards/to...?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundin...paragraph?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?◆Theauthorthinks...is________．◆Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________.[典例](2024·北京卷·D片段)PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcars...Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.50．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself－drivingcars?A．Doubtful. ．Positive.C．Disapproving. ．Sympathetic.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息theauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars其次步定位到原文信息句，并找出進(jìn)行推斷的關(guān)鍵句首段中的Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.和尾段中的Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.第三步進(jìn)行合理推斷得出答案無人駕駛汽車的時代立刻到來，打算好迎接它吧。由此推斷作者對無人駕駛汽車的發(fā)展持主動樂觀的看法。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()1．留意作者或文中人物的措辭：文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或看法往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。(1)正確駕馭字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不行用自己的觀點來代替作者或文中人物的觀點。(2)留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達(dá)情感、看法或觀點的詞語或句子。(3)結(jié)合平常所積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景學(xué)問來進(jìn)行合理的推斷。2．牢記常見有關(guān)作者情感看法的詞語：(1)表示支持或確定：positive主動樂觀的；supportive支持的；optimistic樂觀的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic熱忱的；pleasant開心的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感愛好的，漠不關(guān)切的；uninterested不感愛好的；objective客觀的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。(3)表示反對或否定：disgusted憎惡的，厭惡的；critical指責(zé)的；negative否定的，消極的；suspicious/skeptical懷疑的；disappointed悲觀的；disapproving不贊成的。eq\a\vs4\al([考向4])文章出處或讀者對象題——語言特色推出處或讀者對象文章來源題要求考生具備確定的常識，能夠依據(jù)文章的體裁和題材來推斷文章的出處和類別。讀者對象推斷題要求考生依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷文章的讀者對象，即作者預(yù)定的讀者對象是什么人。常見的設(shè)問方式：◆Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?◆Inwhichofthefollowingwouldthispassagemostlikelybefound?◆Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________．◆Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear?◆Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor________．◆Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________．◆Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?[典例](2024·全國卷Ⅰ·C片段)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.31．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. ．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. ．Amagazine.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息likelyfrom其次步定位到原文，找尋相關(guān)信息ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.第三步進(jìn)行合理推斷得出答案依據(jù)本文的話題“智能鍵盤”以及關(guān)鍵詞researchers，low-costdevice等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報道。科研報道，最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。自主解答：Deq\a\vs4\al()從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)推斷其出處：1．報紙：前面常會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱。2．廣告：格式特別，簡單分辨。3．產(chǎn)品說明：常含有操作方式、運(yùn)用方法等。4．網(wǎng)頁：常含有網(wǎng)頁的典型用語，如click等。(2024·浙江卷6月·B)Money__with__no__strings__attached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的)backgroundsgaveandtook，”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles，”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”【解題導(dǎo)語】文章介紹了TylerBridges發(fā)起的一個項目，讓有實力的人捐助錢財，讓須要的人自取錢財，而這個項目的宗旨是讓人們能夠相互幫助。24．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.C解析：句意理解題。依據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合木板上寫的“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed”可知，附在木板上的錢是可以隨意取的，并不附帶任何條件，故選C項。25．WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A．Womentendedtobemoresociable.B．Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C．Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D．Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Peopleofallages,races...evenhadabride”可推知，作者提到新娘參與該活動來說明參與人員的多樣性，故選B項。26．WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A．Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B．Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C．Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D．Topromotekindnessandsympathy.D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段第一句中的“Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，Bridges開展這個活動的目的在于傳遞“慷慨和憐憫之心”，故選D項。eq\a\vs4\al()一“抓”一“整”找“依據(jù)”，巧做推理推斷題1．抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：要擅長抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即用某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、推斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理。2．整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時須要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理推斷，確定最佳答案。3．以事實為依據(jù)：推斷確定要以文章所供應(yīng)的事實為依據(jù)，不能憑空想象，這樣才能做出合理的推斷。A(2024·杭州診斷)AtinyAlaskavillagehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyearsaspolarbearsspendmoretimeonlandthanonArcticseaice.Morethan2，000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2024toseepolarbearsinthewild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(棲息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticingachangeinthemid-1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmorefemalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.U．S.FishandWildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareaintheearly2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight(逆境)ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,moretouristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.“Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011，”saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge.“Todaywe’retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundtheworldeachyear，”Reedsaid.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesofferswildlife-viewingtours,saidhe’sbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients(客戶)arefromChinaandEurope,aswellasfromthelower48U．S.states.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemoreeffectiveprotectionforpolarbearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。氣候變暖導(dǎo)致海冰溶化，北極熊登陸，為阿拉斯加的一個小村莊帶來了巨大的人氣，促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)發(fā)展，當(dāng)?shù)厝擞钟寐糜螛I(yè)的收入為北極熊供應(yīng)主動的愛護(hù)。1．WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?A．Foodshortage.B．Climatechange.C．Habitats’movementtoshore.D．Theirpreferenceforland.B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(棲息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.”可知，全球變暖加速了海冰溶化，破壞了北極熊原本的棲息地，越來越多的北極熊待在陸地上以找尋食物。故選B。2．Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsonland?A．Excited. B．Puzzled.C．Concerned. D．Shocked.C解析：觀點看法題。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，隨著越來越多的北極熊出現(xiàn)在陸地上，探討人員、生物學(xué)家等也越來越多地關(guān)注北極熊所處的這一逆境，隨后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大眾對更多北極熊登陸現(xiàn)象表示關(guān)注。故選C。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.B．Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.C．Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.D．Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Mosttouristsvisitinthefall”及“Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.”可知，大多數(shù)游客會選擇在秋季去Kaktovik巡游，而且許多游客會在這個小村莊待上幾天，而這個小村莊只有兩個小旅館，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅館很搶手。故選A。4．Whichsayingcandescribethetext?A．Thefittestcansurvive.B．Afterastormcomesacalm.C．Thereisalwaysopportunityincrisis.D．Everycoinhastwosides.D解析：推理推斷題。通讀文章可知，因為全球氣候變暖，北極熊被迫登陸來找尋食物以生存下去，這原來是北極熊的逆境，然而北極熊登陸卻促進(jìn)了一個小村莊旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，這對小村莊來說是一個機(jī)遇，同時，村民又利用旅游業(yè)的收入為北極熊供應(yīng)更多愛護(hù)。因此D項“事物都有兩面性”符合語境。故選D。B(2024·浙江金麗衢十二校高三聯(lián)考)TheBBChasmadeitssecondannualreportknownsinceitsnewcharterwasestablishedandthebroadcasterpaintsaratherbleak(暗淡的)pictureforitself.Ithighlightsthefactthatthemedialandscape(局面)haschangedquiterapidlyinrecentyearsandwillmostcertainlycontinuetodoso,anditsaysthattheindustryis“moreandmoredominatedbyasmallnumberofUS-basedmediagiantswithextraordinarycreativeandfinancialfirepower”.TheBBCadded，“Theirbusinessmodelsandhugebudgetsmeanweareincreasinglybeingsqueezedoutofanevermorecompetitiveenvironment.BritishcreativityandBritishcontentarenowunderrealthreat.”However,thebroadcasterisdeterminedtodoallitcantosurviveintheevermoredigitalTVworldincreasinglycontrolledbycompanieslikeNetflixandAmazon.Inthatregard,itlaidoutafewgoalsfortheyearthatareaimedatkeepingtheBBCcompetitive.OnefocuswillbeitsiPlayerplatform.ItnotesthatyoungeraudiencesaremorefrequentlychoosingNetflixovertheBBCandit’s,therefore,makingsomechangestoiPlayerthatwillhopefullymakeitadestinationitselfratherthanjustawaytocatchuponshowsviewershavemissed.TheBBChasalreadystartedtointroducepersonalizationintoitsiPlayercontentandgoingforward.Itwillworktostrengthentheuserexperience,boost(促進(jìn))personalizationandaddmorelivecontent.Butmostimportantly,theissuecomesdowntomoney.“Thecostofsportsbroadcastingrightshasskyrocketedwhile,overall,thecostofideasandtalenthasrisenfast.”Thebroadcasterconcludesthatithasshrunkwhilethemarkethascontinuedtogrow.“Inthiscontext,theBBC’surgentchallengeistodevelopnewwaystogrowourincomesothatwecankeeppacewiththemarketaroundus,aswellassuccessfullysafeguardBritishcontentandBritain’screativetrackrecord，”itsaid.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇爭論文。文章介紹了英國廣播公司正面臨激烈的競爭，它不僅要實行措施使自己更加有競爭力，還要保持自己的特色。5．WhatsituationistheBBCin?A．Itfacesseverecompetition.B．Itsbusinessbudgetsarehuge.C．Itprovidesbleakpictures.D．Itscreativityhasbeenlost.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“theindustryis‘moreandmoredominatedbyasmallnumberofUS-basedmediagiantswithextraordinarycreativeandfinancialfirepower’”可知，BBC面臨巨大的競爭壓力。故選A。6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“dominated”inparagraph1?A．Considered. B．Chosen.C．Controlled. D．Improved.C解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)句意，這個行業(yè)“越來越多地被有著非凡的創(chuàng)建力和經(jīng)濟(jì)實力的以美國為基礎(chǔ)的傳媒大鱷所限制”。controlled“限制”符合句意，故選C。7．What’sthekeymeasuretheBBChastakentosurvive?A．Catchinguponprogrammes.B．ImprovingitsiPlayerplatform.C．SharingitsiPlayercontent.D．Reducingliveshows.B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“OnefocuswillbeitsiPlayerplatform.”和“TheBBChasalreadystartedtointroducepersonalizationintoitsiPlayercontentandgoingforward.Itwillworkto...”可知BBC為了生存有競爭力，一個目標(biāo)就是改善iPlayer平臺，且有詳細(xì)的改善措施。故選B。8．WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphabouttheBBC?A．Ittriestodevelopwhilekeepingitsownstyle.B．Itintendstoraisethecostofbroadcastingrights.C．Itschallengeistosafeguardthemarketaround.D．Itsideasofcostandtalenthavechangedrapidly.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Inthiscontext,theBBC’surgentchallengeistodevelopnewwaystogrowourincomesothatwecankeeppacewiththemarketaroundus，aswellassuccessfullysafeguardBritishcontentandBritain’screativetrackrecord”可知，BBC在保持自己風(fēng)格的同時也在努力發(fā)展自己。故選A。[長難句分析]Inthatregard,itlaidoutafewgoalsfortheyearthatareaimedatkeepingtheBBCcompetitive.(其次段其次句)分析：本句是主從復(fù)合句。其次個that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾afewgoals。譯文：在這方面，它為今年制定了一些目標(biāo)，旨在保持英國廣播公司的競爭力。推理推斷題——推斷隱含意義題(建議用時：25分鐘)A(2024·紹興診斷性考試)I’vebeenavolunteerintheMacmillan@GlasgowLibrariesprogrammeforjustoverayear.IgotinvolvedbecauseIwaslookingforsomethingtovolunteerforafterIretiredfromwork.IthoughtbeingaMacmillanCancerInformationandSupportVolunteermightbeagoodwaytodothatbyusingsomeoftheskillsIlearnedatwork.Atonetime,IfeltImadearealdifferencewhenaladycameintousetheservice.Shewasveryupset,butshewasnotthepersonwithcancer.Itwasherpartner.Shehadlotsofthingsonhermind.We,togetherwithacounselor,hadachatabouthertohelpdealwithalltheemotions(情感)shefelt.Weknewwecouldarrangesomething,sowediscussedwithherwhatcouldbedoneforherfamily.Shewasrelievedthatwecouldgetsomethingarrangedforherandlikedthefactthatwemanagedtogettheballrollingduringhervisit.Thegoodthingabouthavingtheservicesinthelibraryisthattheenvironmentisnon-clinicalandthereforemorerelaxingthanthehospitalordoctor’ssurgery.Theteaminthelibraryarenotmedicallytrained.Thatmeanswedonotusebigwordsormedicaltermsveryoften.It’sgreatthatthepeoplewhovolunteerallworkwelltogether,helpingeachothertogetaresolution(解決)forpeoplewhocomein.It’sgoodtohavetheteamattheotherendofthephonewheneverwegetsomethingunusual.Itisapleasuretobeabletohelpasavolunteer.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在本文中記敘了自己作為一名志愿者的經(jīng)驗。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去幫助那些須要幫助的人，并從中得到了歡樂。1．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A．Heisaretireddoctor.B．Heisvolunteeringinahospital.C．Heisacounselorincancer.D．Hehasfoughtagainstcancerbefore.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)退休，而且有醫(yī)學(xué)方面的技能；結(jié)合第三段的內(nèi)容，可以推想出作者是一名退休醫(yī)生。2．Whydidtheladyfeelupset?A．Becauseshewasaffectedbycancer.B．Becauseherhusbandsufferedfromcancer.C．Becauseshedidn’tknowhowtotreatcancer.D．Becauseshehadapoorrelationwithherhusband.B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Shewasveryupset,butshewasnotthepersonwithcancer.Itwasherpartner.”和“wediscussedwithherwhatcouldbedoneforherfamily”可知，這位女士的丈夫得了癌癥。留意：此處的“partner”表示“配偶”。3．Whatdoweknowaboutthevolunteers?A．Theydowellinteamwork.B．Theyreceivemedicaltraining.C．Theyallusedtobehelped.D．Theyoftenmeetunusualthings.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的首句“It’sgreatthatthepeoplewhovolunteerallworkwelltogether,helpingeachothertogetaresolution(解決)forpeoplewhocomein.”可知，全部的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此幫助，為來求助的人供應(yīng)好的解決方案。由此推知，他們具有很強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊意識，擅長團(tuán)隊合作。4．Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A．Tocallonreaderstodovoluntarywork.B．Toshowushowtohelpthoseintrouble.C．Tosharehisexperiencesasavolunteer.D．Toteachushowtotakecareofcancerpatients.C解析：寫作意圖題。綜合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講解并描述的是作者的志愿者經(jīng)驗。因此，作者寫作的目的也就是要共享他作為志愿者的經(jīng)驗。BAwomangraspedherphonetoherheartthewayaministermightholdaBible.Shewasanxioustotakeapictureofabunchofflowersthatsatnot10feetaway,butfirstshehadtogetthroughacrowdofotherspushingtodothesame.ThecauseofthiswasBouquetstoArt,oneofthemostpopularannualeventsatthedeYoungMuseuminSanFrancisco.Forthe34thyear,artistswereaskedtocreateflowerbunchesthatrespondtopiecesofartondisplay,fromancientcarvingstocontemporarysculptures.It’stimetotakeaphototopostonInstagram,buttothepointthatithasbecomeaproblem.Inrecentyears,thedeYoungreceivedmorethanathousandcomplaintsfrompeoplewhofeltthatcellphoneshadruinedtheirexperience.Infact,institutionsoffineartaroundtheworldfacesimilarproblemsasthedesiretotakephotographsbecomesahugedrawformuseumsaswellassomethingthatupsetssomeoftheirvisitors.SothedeYoungrespondedwithakindofcompromise:carvingout“photofree”hoursduringtheexhibition’ssix-dayrun.Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.ArecentstudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencesuggeststhereissometruthtothis;itfoundthatpeoplewhotookphotosofanexhibitratherthansimplyobservingithadahardertimerememberingwhattheysaw.Buttheissueiscomplicatedfortheprofessionalsrunningmuseums.LindaButler,thedeYoung’sheadofmarketing,communicationsandvisitorexperience,acknowledgesthatnoteveryonewantsamuseumtobe“aphoto-takingplayland”.Yetalotofotherpeopledo,andshethinksthatthedeYoungisinnopositiontojudgethatonemotivationforbuyinga$28ticketismorevalidthananother.“Ifweremovedsocialmediaandphotography，”shesays,“wewouldriskbecominglesspopular.”Ifthisisabattle,signsindicatethatthepro-phonecrowd(親自機(jī)人群)hasalreadywon.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹deYoung博物館收到了許多關(guān)于在展館內(nèi)拍照的投訴，對此博物館管理方作出回應(yīng)，最終實行了一個折中的方法，即在展期內(nèi)抽出“自由拍照”時間。5．Whatwerethecrowdeagertodoinparagraph1?A．ToholdaBible.B．Toadmireflowers.C．Totakeaphoto.D．Toseetheexhibition.C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“Shewasanxioustotakeapictureofabunchofflowersthatsatnot10feetaway,butfirstshehadtogetthroughacrowdofotherspushingtodothesame.”可推知，人們都在忙于拍照。故正確答案為C。6．HowdidthedeYoungrespondtothecomplaints?A．Bysettingperiodswithoutphoto-taking.B．Bymakingtheexhibitionfreeofcharge.C．Bycompromisingwithotherinstitutions.D．Bygivingextratimetotakephotosfreely.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“SothedeYoungrespondedwithakindofcompromise:carvingout‘photofree’hoursduringtheexhibition’ssix-dayrun.”可知，管理方規(guī)定在特定時間內(nèi)不許拍照。故正確答案為A。7．Whatcanweinferabouttheuseofsocialmediainmuseumsaccordingtotherecentstudy?A．Ituncoversthetruth.B．Itaccumulatesevidence.C．Itcausescomplaints.D．Itplaysanegativerole.D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.”及語境可推知，最近探討表明，在博物館中運(yùn)用社交媒介起到了負(fù)面作用。故正確答案為D。8．WhichofthefollowingmayLindaButlersupport?A．Cateringtovisitors.B．Reducingadmissionprices.C．Reservingjudgementinpublic.D．Banningsocialmediaandphotography.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)其次句“‘Ifweremovedsocialmediaandphotography，’shesays,‘wewouldriskbecominglesspopular.’”可推知，LindaButler支持迎合游客的做法。故正確答案為A。[長難句分析]Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.(第三段第一句)分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)表語從句；because引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句。譯文：在關(guān)于社交媒介對博物館文化產(chǎn)生的影響的持續(xù)爭辯中，一個普遍的埋怨是人們好像忽視了這種藝術(shù)體驗，因為他們忙于收集(他們來過的)證據(jù)。CTechnologyoffersconveniencessuchasopeningthegaragedoorfromyourcarorchangingthetelevisionstationwithouttouchingtheTV.NowoneAmericancompanyisofferingitsemployeesanewconvenience:amicrochipimplantedintheirhands.Employeeswhohavethesechipscandoallkindsofthingsjustbywavingtheirhands.ThreeSquareMarketisofferingtoimplantmicrochipsinalloftheiremployeesforfree.Eachchipcosts$300andThreeSquareMarketwillpayforthechip.Employeescanvolunteertohavethechipsimplantedintheirhands.About70outof80employeeshavechosentodoso.Thepresidentofthecompany,hiswifeandtheirchildrenarealsogettingchipsimplantedintheirhands.Thechipisaboutthesizeofagrainofrice.Implantingthechiponlytakesaboutasecondandissaidtohurtonlyverybriefly.Thechipsgoundertheskinbetweenthethumbandforefinger.Withachipinthehand,apersoncanentertheofficebuilding,buyfood,signintocomputersandmore,simplybywavingthathandnearascanner.Thechipswillbealsousedtoidentifyemployees.E