2025年高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練專題09 閱讀理解議論文（解析版）

專題09閱讀理解議論文

目錄

題型綜述2

解題攻略3

題型01主旨大意題3

題型02細節(jié)理解題5

題型03推理判斷題6

題型04詞義猜測題9

高考練場

題型簡介

高考英語閱讀理解議論文，通常圍繞某一觀點、現(xiàn)象或問題展開論述，作者通過擺事實、講道理，運用

邏輯推理來闡明自身看法，說服讀者接受其觀點。文章往往結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，包含論點、論據(jù)與論證過程，選

材涉及社會熱點、教育理念、科技發(fā)展?fàn)幾h、文化現(xiàn)象剖析等諸多領(lǐng)域，旨在考查學(xué)生對復(fù)雜文本的理

解、分析及批判性思維能力。

命題類型

主旨大意題：要求提煉文章核心論點，常以“What'sthemainideaofthepassage?”這類問句出現(xiàn)，選

項可能是對全文中心思想的精準概括，也可能是過于寬泛、片面的干擾表述。

細節(jié)理解題：針對文中論據(jù)、支撐性事例或特定關(guān)鍵信息設(shè)題，題目會明確指向文章某一處，如

“Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabout...istrue?”，考查學(xué)生捕捉精準細節(jié)的

能力。

推理判斷題：需依據(jù)文章現(xiàn)有論述、語氣傾向推測隱含意義、作者態(tài)度，題干表述多為“Whatcanbe

inferredfromthepassage?”，答案并非原文直白呈現(xiàn)，要經(jīng)適度推導(dǎo)。

詞義猜測題：聚焦文中超綱詞、熟詞僻義或特定語境下有特殊含義的詞匯，例如“Theunderlined

word‘XXX’intheparagraphmostprobablymeans...”，要求結(jié)合上下文破解詞義謎團。

解題思路

讀題預(yù)判：快速瀏覽題目與選項，圈出關(guān)鍵信息，像主旨題中的“mainidea”、細節(jié)題里的專有名詞

等，預(yù)判閱讀重點，帶著問題意識去讀文章。

通讀抓論點：首次通讀，定位文章開頭段，多數(shù)議論文在此點明主題、拋出論點；同時留意各段首

句，它們常起承上啟下、引出分論點的作用，梳理出全文論述脈絡(luò)。

定位找論據(jù)：碰上細節(jié)、詞義類題目，依據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞，精準回文定位，在定位段落中細讀上下文，

借助因果、對比、舉例等邏輯關(guān)系鎖定答案，比如出現(xiàn)“forexample”后的內(nèi)容大概率是在解釋前面

論點，對理解詞義、補充細節(jié)很關(guān)鍵。

推理重邏輯：面對推理題，緊扣文章已知觀點、事實，杜絕過度臆想，分析作者用詞褒貶、論證走向

來判斷態(tài)度傾向；梳理段落、句子間的邏輯鏈條，像因果推導(dǎo)、讓步轉(zhuǎn)折后的語義走向，讓推理有理

有據(jù)。

核查避陷阱：選完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看選項是否契合全文主旨、對應(yīng)細節(jié)是否無誤，警惕

偷換概念、無中生有、以偏概全這類常見陷阱選項。

題型01主旨大意題

（23-24高三上·江蘇揚州·期末）

“Womanreadingbook,underanightsky,dreamyatmosphere,”ItypeintoDeepDreamGenerator’sText2

Dreamfeature.Inlessthanaminute,animageisreturnedtomeshowingwhatI’vedescribed.

WelcometotheworldofAIimagegeneration,whereyoucancreatewhatonthesurfacelooksliketop-rank

artworkusingjustafewtextprompts(提示).Butcloserexaminationshowsoddities.Thefaceofthewomanin

myimagehasveryoddfeatures,andappearstobeholdingmultiplebooks.And,whilethere’saninitialthrillat

seeinganimageappear,there’snocreativesatisfaction.

AIimagegenerationcouldinfluenceeverythingfromfilmtographicnovelsandmore.Children’s

illustratorswerequicktoraiseconcernsaboutthetechnology.TheysayAI-generatedartistheexactoppositeof

whatartisbelievedtobe.Fundamentally,artisallabouttranslatingsomethingthatyoufeelinternallyinto

somethingthatexistsexternally.Whateverformittakes,trueartisaboutthecreativeprocessmuchmorethanit’s

aboutthefinal

piece.Andsimplypressingabuttontogenerateanimageisnotacreativeprocess.

Beyondcreativity,therearedeeperissues.Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabases

ofalreadyexistingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethe

styleofotherartists,withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAIgeneratorsworknodifferentlyto

humanswhenitcomestobeinginfluencedbyothers’work.However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionand

nuance(細微差別)intothemix.AIdoesn’tdothesame—itcanonlycopy.

TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluing(貶低)oftheworkofartists.There’salreadya

negativeprejudicetowardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir“work”isasexcellentasthat

createdbysomeonewhohasspentacareermakingart.It’snonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephoneto

takeanicepictureofyourdaughter,butyouarenomatchforprofessionals.

7．WhatisParagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?

A．ThestylesofhumanartworksandAIones.

B．Humanartists’influenceonAIgenerators.

C．DifferentmeansusedinhumanandAIartcreation.

D．Thedrawbacksofdrawingfromexistingartandtext.

8．Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph?

A．Artisthemirroroflife.B．Romeisnotbuiltinaday.

C．Nomancandotwothingsatonce.D．Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.

【答案】7．C8．B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者認為人工智能圖像生成雖然便捷，但也有不少弊端，在文中從幾個方面進

行了闡述。

7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第二句到第四句“Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabases

ofalreadyexistingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethe

styleofotherartists,withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAIgeneratorsworknodifferentlyto

humanswhenitcomestobeinginfluencedbyothers’work.(為了根據(jù)提示創(chuàng)建圖像，人工智能生成器依賴于

已經(jīng)存在的藝術(shù)和文本數(shù)據(jù)庫。這可能會導(dǎo)致在未經(jīng)其他藝術(shù)家同意的情況下，故意模仿其他藝術(shù)家的風(fēng)

格。有一種觀點認為，人工智能生成器在受他人工作影響方面與人類沒有什么不同。)”和最后兩句

“However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionandnuance(細微差別)intothemix.AIdoesn’tdothesame—

itcanonlycopy.(然而，人類藝術(shù)家也在混合中添加情感和細微差別。人工智能不會做同樣的事情——它只

能復(fù)制。)”可知，第四段主要是講在人類和AI藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中使用的不同手段。故選C。

8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluing(貶低)ofthe

workofartists.(越來越多地使用人工智能也將導(dǎo)致藝術(shù)家的作品貶值。)”可知，“冰凍三尺非一日之寒”最能

總結(jié)最后一段。故選B。

題型02細節(jié)理解題

（23-24高三上·湖南婁底·期末）

Recently,Iwaswalkingwithsomeparentswhenwecameacrossafive-poundnotelyingontheground.

Westoodarounditforamoment,abitawkwardly,untilsomeonesuggestedputtingitonanearbybench.Then

oneoftheparentsremarkedthatwe’dprobablyhavebehaveddifferently—thatis,wewouldhavejusttakenthe

money—hadwebeenalone.

Thisrelatestoaclassicquestioninstudiesofhumangenerosity:dowebehavemoreselfishlywhenwe

aren’tbeingobserved?Thedebategoesonacrossthepsychologicalandbiologicalsciences,aswellasinpopular

culture,aboutwhetherkindnesscanexistinacompetitiveworld.

YomKippurisaJewish(猶太人的)religiousholidaywhenJewishpeoplefastandaskforforgivenessfor

thewrongsthey’vecommitted.OneofthepointsofYomKippuristobehavebetterregardlessofwhoiswatching.

There’sanevolutionarybeautytotheteachingsofYomKippur,whicharetheproductsofthousandsofyearsof

culturalchangesandevolution.

TheMaasaipeopleofKenyapracticeosotua:relationshipsbetweenpeoplethatoperatebasedonneed.

Whensomeoneformsanosotuarelationshipwithanother,theyenterintoanunwrittencontracttohelptheir

partnerintimesofneed.Andhunter-gatherergroups,whichcanrepresentthecircumstancesourspeciesevolved

in,havemanysimilarexamples.

Culturalevolutionhelpstoexplaintheexistenceandcomplexityofthesesystems.Culturalchangesarefar

fasterthanbiologicalevolution,allowingintelligentspecieslikehumanstodevelopbehavioraladaptationsfor

managingcomplexsocialenvironments.Osotua,oranyotherpracticethathelpstomaintaingoodtreatmentof

othersinsociety,istheresultoftensofthousandsofyearsofculturaltrialanderror.Thecustomspasseddown

overtimearethosethathelpustodevelopasculturalgroups.

Thestudyofthosechangeshashelpedustounderstandhowwesuccessfullyspreadaroundtheworldas

cooperativegroups.Biologicalevolutionhashelpedhumansbemorecooperative,butculturalchangeshave

acceleratedthisprocess.

Culturalevolutionhelpsustoovercomeourselfishnatures.Trytounderstandrulesbeforeyouignorethem

—andnexttimeyoufindafiverontheground,youmightthinkabouttheawkwardsituationyourdiscovery

represents.

13．Whatmadetheparentsfeelabitawkward?

A．Thedifficultysharingthemoney.

B．Thedifficultyfindingtheownerofthemoney.

C．Thethoughtofputtingthemoneyonthebench.

D．Thethoughtofkeepingthemoneyforthemselves.

15．Howisbiologicalevolutiondifferentfromculturalevolution?

A．Itevolvesmuchslower.B．Ittakesmuchlesstime.

C．Itisamorecomplexprocess.D．Itmakeshumansmorecooperative.

【答案】13．D15．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了在這個充滿競爭的世界里善行是存在的，不同的社會中存在

不同的善行的事例，而善行的存在是千百年來的文化進化所致，它幫助我們克服自私的本性。

13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Westoodarounditforamoment,abitawkwardly,untilsomeonesuggested

puttingitonanearbybench.Thenoneoftheparentsremarkedthatwe’dprobablyhavebehaveddifferently—

thatis,wewouldhavejusttakenthemoney—hadwebeenalone.(我們圍著它有點尷尬地站了一會兒，直到

有人建議把它放在附近的長凳上。然后，其中一位家長說，如果我們單獨在那里，我們的行為可能會有所

不同——也就是說，我們會直接拿走錢)”可知，當(dāng)看到地上的錢時，這些父母們實際上產(chǎn)生了自私的想

法：將錢占為己有，這種想法使人感到有點尷尬。故選D項。

15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Culturalchangesarefarfasterthanbiologicalevolution,allowingintelligent

specieslikehumanstodevelopbehavioraladaptationsformanagingcomplexsocialenvironments.(文化的變化

比生物進化要快得多，這使得像人類這樣有智力的物種能夠發(fā)展出適應(yīng)復(fù)雜社會環(huán)境的行為)”可知，生物

進化與文化進化的不同之處在于它進行地慢得多。故選A項。

題型03推理判斷題

（23-24高三上·河北石家莊·期末）

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosing

struggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeen

inprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeter-minestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.Thatformerprisoner

wasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉訶德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:why

dosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingabout

thosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningon

growingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecialization

andthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,

theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswe

can’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenever

goingtoloveus——anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitisto

havemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomething

largerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate(視……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.

Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuch

excellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore———maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekind

ofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.

1．ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat________.

A．lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativity

B．a(chǎn)geisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoal

C．miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D．disabilitycannotstopaman′spursuitofsuccess

2．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A．Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B．Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C．Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D．Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

3．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A．Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B．Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C．Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D．Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A．Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B．Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C．Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D．Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章以名著《堂吉訶德》的作者Cervantes的事跡為例，講述了想要成功，

就要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)，這樣人生才有意義。

1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebt

andmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenby

heaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeter-minestowriteabook.(他今年53歲。他成年后的大部分時間都在與債

務(wù)和不幸作著失敗的斗爭。一次戰(zhàn)爭受傷使他的左手失去了功能，他經(jīng)常被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄。不知出于什么動

機，他決定寫一本書。)”可知，Cervantes已經(jīng)53歲，不再年輕，前半生一直生活在不幸中，但即便這

樣，他還是決定寫一本書；根據(jù)第二段“Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformore

than350years.(事實證明，這本書350多年來一直受到全世界的歡迎。)”可知，他最終實現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)，并取

得了巨大成功。由此推知，文章用Cervantes的故事作為開始，是為了告訴讀者年齡不是實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的障

礙。故選B。

2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,

theopportunitiesareeverywhere.(沒什么讓我們驚訝的。我們失去了驚奇感。但是，如果我們愿意學(xué)習(xí)，機

會無處不在。)”可知，從第4段可以推斷出機會垂青于有好奇心的人。故選C。

3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.We

learnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus——anideathattroublesatfirst

butiseventuallyrelaxing.(我們學(xué)會忍受我們無法改變的事情。我們學(xué)會避免自憐。我們知道，無論我們多

么努力

地取悅別人，有些人永遠不會愛我們——這個想法一開始會讓人煩惱，但最終會讓人放松。)”可推知，作

者是想告訴我們，要學(xué)會用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹韺Υ?。故選D。

4．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第六段“Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.

Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwe

havemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellow

humans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.(有了高度的動力和熱情，我們就能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。然后我們就會知

道在我們的生活中有意義是多么重要。然而，只有當(dāng)我們對比我們的小我更重要的事情做出承諾時，我們

才能獲得意義，無論是對所愛的人，對人類同胞，對工作，還是對某些道德觀念。)”可知，作者的目的是

為了給人們指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾芜^上有意義的成年生活。故選A。

題型04詞義猜測題

（23-24高三上·廣東東莞·期末）Themushroomingvideoscreensinbuses,taxisandapartmenthallsin

citieslikeShanghaiaretakingawayouralreadyrareresource:aplaceforamomentofpeace.Takinganapor

readingabookonbusesislesspleasantnow,astheLCDscreensbroadcastnews,entertainmentand

advertisementsatunbearablevolumes.

Youpaythebusfaresimplytogetaride—undisturbed—butnowyouareexposedtothis“addedvalue”,

whetheryoulikeitornot.Ifit’sacrowdedbus,thenoiseisevenmoreexasperating.MoreandmoreChinese

citieshavejoinedShanghai,regardedasthefirsttoputvideoscreensonbuses,disturbingmillionsofpassengers.

29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exasperating”inParagraph2mean?

A．Entertaining.

B．Encouraging.

C．Disappointing.

D．Annoying.

【答案】29．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了在公交車、出租車、公寓大廳里用視頻屏幕播放內(nèi)容這一現(xiàn)象，

這奪走了人們尋找片刻安寧的機會。

29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前句“Youpaythebusfaresimplytogetaride—undisturbed—butnowyouare

exposedtothis‘a(chǎn)ddedvalue’,whetheryoulikeitornot.(你支付公交車費用只是為了乘車——不受干擾——但

現(xiàn)在你暴露在這種‘附加值’中，無論你喜歡與否。)”可知，乘客

乘坐公交車是為了不受干擾地乘車，但視頻屏幕播放內(nèi)容會打擾乘客享受安寧，再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中的

“acrowdedbus”和“thenoise”可推知，在擁擠的公交車中，播放視頻的噪音會更加讓人生氣。exasperating

意為“惹人生氣的”，與annoying意思最接近。故選D。

（23-24高三上·廣東深圳·期末）First-yearcollegestudentsoftenareexpectedorrequiredtolivein

dormitories.Intherestyears,it’susuallyuptothosestudentstodecidewhethertoliveonoroffcampus.

Atfirstglance,off-campushousingcanappearlessexpensive.Buttheadditionalexpensesoutsideofrent—

likeutilities,groceries,Internetaccess,cableandfurniture—areoftenoverlooked.Toreduceoff-campuscosts,

somestudentschoosetooverpackhousesorapartments,sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroom

house.Unlikeoff-campushousing,thetotalcostoflivingoncampusistypicallyall-inclusive,covetingrent,

utilities,furniture,Wi-Fiandamealplan.

19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overpack”inthelastparagraphmean?

A．Overlook.B．Overconsume.C．Overestimate.D．Overload.

【答案】19．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要介紹的是大學(xué)生選擇校內(nèi)外住宿的優(yōu)劣，并提供了選擇建議，分析了校

內(nèi)住宿對學(xué)習(xí)的益處和校外住宿的獨立生活技能需求。

19．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“Toreduceoff-campuscosts(為了減少校外居住的成本)”以及劃線單詞

后的“sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroomhouse(有時四五個人住在一套兩居室的房子里。)”

可知，為了降低成本，有些學(xué)生選擇在兩室的臥房里住進四五個人，說明房子里住的人太多，由此可推

斷，劃線單詞overpack的意思應(yīng)與“塞滿或者擠滿”意思相近。故選D項。

(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語I卷C篇)

Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoand

viewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstoboth

questionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,an

entertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’son

paperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareading

passage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.

Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoften

linktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowing

hypothesis(假說)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,

whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.

Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturnto

thesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,

psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthanif

theylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailablein

print.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’t

assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents'attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

【答案】28.D29.A30.A31.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果。

【28題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymore

successfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.(當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或

更多的文本時，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功。大量的研究證實了這一發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)

更有成效，以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideaina

readingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.(當(dāng)實驗人員

從提出簡單的任務(wù)(如識別閱讀文章的主旨)轉(zhuǎn)移到需要思維抽象的任務(wù)(如從文本中推斷)時)”推知，此處

應(yīng)是表達“當(dāng)實驗者從簡單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要精神抽象的任務(wù)時，紙質(zhì)閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見”之意，所

以shinethrough應(yīng)是“顯而易見”之意，和D項意思相近。故選D項。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposeda

theorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswitha

mindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyare

readingprint.(但同樣重要的是精神層面。閱讀研究人員提出了一個名為“shallowinghypothesis”的理論。根

據(jù)這一理論，人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)接觸數(shù)字文本，這些文本通常不那么嚴肅，與閱讀印刷品時相

比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowinghypothesis假設(shè)讀者在閱讀數(shù)字文本時會持有一種輕松的心

態(tài)，不會像閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍那樣投入太多的心理努力。故選A項。

【30題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachers

increasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.(音

頻和視頻可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大學(xué)教師越來越多地轉(zhuǎn)向這些技術(shù)，例如分配在線講座而不是同一

作者的文章)”可知，音頻和視頻比文本更能吸引學(xué)生的注意力，所以大學(xué)教師越來越多地使用這些技術(shù)。

故選A項。

【31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenproviding

resourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalled

for,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.(數(shù)字文本、音頻

和視頻都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中無法獲得的資源時。然而，為了在需要精神集中和反思的

情況下最大限度地學(xué)習(xí)，教育工作者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞)”可知，盡

管數(shù)字

文本、音頻和視頻在教育中有一定作用，但當(dāng)需要精神集中和反思以最大化學(xué)習(xí)時，教育者不應(yīng)假定所有

媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞。這表明作者認為紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因

此暗示紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的重要性。故選C項。

(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語甲卷D篇)

“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,and

IwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossby

GeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutit

beyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthe

charactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thavea

traditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,

buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.

Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifI

wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’t

guess,I’dpickupamystery(懸疑小說).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.

Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.

Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.

Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfits

what’srightforthecharacters.

That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingfor

whateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucan

trytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelsto

seewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.

Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—buit

mightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.

12.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?

A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.

C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.

13.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?

A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.

B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.

C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.

D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.

14.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?

AItsatisfiesreaders’taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.

C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.

15.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?

A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.

C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.

【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章首先通過作者與教授關(guān)于小說結(jié)局的討論引發(fā)了對結(jié)局的思考，接著闡

述了不同類型的文學(xué)作品結(jié)局的特點，最后提出了寫作好的結(jié)局的重要性并介紹了《Writer’sDigest》雜

志如何幫助作家寫出更好的結(jié)尾。

【12題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunior

yearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.Ihadjustfinishedreading

TheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,

askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.(“我不喜歡這個結(jié)局，”我對我最喜歡的大學(xué)教授

說。那是我大三的時候，我正在做一項關(guān)于維多利亞文學(xué)的獨立研究。我剛剛讀完喬治·艾略特的《弗洛

斯河上的磨坊》，讀到結(jié)尾我很傷心。格雷西教授耐心地讓我考慮一下，不要只看我喜不喜歡)”可知，作

者去找格雷西教授是為了討論小說。故選A項。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesameway

again.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwanted

anendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(懸疑小說).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingto

happen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.(這對我來說是一個頓悟的時刻，我再也沒有

想過同樣的結(jié)局。從那時起，如果我想讀一個保證幸福的結(jié)局，我就會選一部愛情小說。如果我想要一個

我猜不到的結(jié)局，我會選一本神秘小說。一種是我知道會發(fā)生什么，歷史小說。選擇讀什么變得更容易

了)”可知，見過格雷西教授后，作者意識到了每種類型的文學(xué)都有其獨特的結(jié)局。故選C項。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuch

weightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat’sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefrom

nowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.(但是寫出結(jié)局——那很難。對作家來說很難，因為結(jié)局

對讀者來說意義重大。你必須平衡創(chuàng)造一個不可預(yù)測的結(jié)局，但這個結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來，要適合角

色的設(shè)定)”可知，人們對一個好結(jié)局的期望是結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來，要適合角色的設(shè)定，也就是符合

故事的發(fā)展。故選B項。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowto

writethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdown

sixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefi