閱讀理解之主旨大意課件高三下學(xué)期英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項

高考英語閱讀理解之主旨大意突破

通過略讀，捕捉文中的關(guān)鍵詞句，把握篇章和段落結(jié)構(gòu)，梳理篇章和段落的行文脈絡(luò)，從而弄清作者的寫作思路，最終歸納出主旨大意。主旨大意題

概述考查主要有以下三種：歸納段落大意、理解全文主旨和選定最佳標(biāo)題。縱觀近幾年的高考，閱讀理解中每年都有考查主旨大意的題目，雖然所占比重不太大，但是難度較大，是考生較容易失分的題型，應(yīng)給予足夠的重視。能力要求主要考查方式技法1段落大意題考查能力：

對段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,提煉出核心信息，然后對比選項，選出最契合段落主要內(nèi)容的選項。常見設(shè)問方式有：Whatisthefirst/second/...paragraphmainlyabout?Whatdoesparagraph...mainlytalkabout?Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinparagraph...?[典例1]

(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷閱讀B)3

LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack，Tindalesays，shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep，butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse，Nappy，“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropractic(按摩療法)adjustment.26．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians'work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.第一步：找題干關(guān)鍵詞，明確范圍第二步：找對應(yīng)段落，看段首句/段位句，若不能歸納；則留意段落中一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等后面的內(nèi)容。第三步：對比分析選項圖解技法主旨大意題之選項特征________強(qiáng)_______恰當(dāng)_______到位_______范圍________全________柱概括性范圍精準(zhǔn)________有擴(kuò)大以偏概偷梁換無中生Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstilleversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater...△Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.Practice1第一步：找題干關(guān)鍵詞，明確范圍第二步：找對應(yīng)段落，看段首句/段位句，若不能歸納；則留意段落中一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等后面的內(nèi)容。第三步：對比分析選項(浙江卷)

Homestodaycouldbebuilttolastjustaslongasthoseoldhomesifpeoplewerewillingorabletopaytheprice.Forexample,morepeoplecannolongeraffordsolidoakstairways,althoughtheywereoncefairlycommoninolderhomes...Andnotonlywouldthesecarpentersknowhowtobuildthem,theywouldprobablydoabetterjobthancarpentersofold.△Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.Peopleinthepastpreferredtouseoaktobuildstairways.B.Itisnowexpensivetoemployacarpenter.C.Modernhouseslastaslongastheoldones.D.Goodcarpentersstillexistinmoderntimes.Practice2第一步：找題干關(guān)鍵詞，明確范圍第二步：找對應(yīng)段落，看段首句/段位句，若不能歸納；則留意段落中一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等后面的內(nèi)容。第三步：對比分析選項技法2標(biāo)題歸納題考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上運用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對文章的主題進(jìn)行提煉或高度概括，最終準(zhǔn)確地選出文章的標(biāo)題。常見設(shè)問方式有：Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?能力要求：[典例2]

(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷閱讀B)Turningsoil，pullingweeds，andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis，saysAbbyJaramillo，whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts，aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills，environmentalawareness，andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo'sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks，”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful，dirtisawful，insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt，mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts'classes，attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools，includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting，flower-and-seeddissection，tastingsoffreshordriedproduce，andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear，studentscookthevegetablestheygrow，andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey'reeatingdifferently，”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram'sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides，workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents，manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside，”shesays，“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．RescuingSchoolGardensB．ExperiencingCountryLifeC．GrowingVegetableLoversD．ChangingLocalLandscape第一步：讀文章;通過串聯(lián)每段的主題句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等詞的句子）理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)第二步：分析選項意思第三步，對比第一步獲取的文章信息與選項，得出正確答案圖解技法

OnMondays,twoofmychildrengetreadyforschoolinanunusualway.Eachpacksplentyoffoodandwater,apairofrubberbootsandsometimesacupofhotchocolate.Then,Idropthemoffatanearbyparkwheretheyspendtheentiredayoutsideatacertifiedforestschool.

WhenIfirstsignedthemupforforestschoolprogram,Ilovedtheidea,butasamum,Iwasconcernedaboutafewthings:Wouldtheybecomfortableoutsideforthatlong?Wouldtheystayengagedforthatmanyhours?ThenIaskedthemiftimeeverseemedtomoveslowly,theystaredatmeinconfusion.Theydidn’tunderstandmyquestion,whichfittinglyremovedit.

Inthisprogram,kidsdirecttheirownplay,climbingtalltreesortestingiceonthefrozenlake.Theyarenevertoldtheirplayistoohighortoosharp,butarerathertrustedtoself-adjust.Somethingelsemysonsappreciateaboutforestschoolisnotbeingtoldtomoveontothenextactivity,butbeinglefttostayinaparticularspotforaslongastheircuriosityallows.

Iappreciateitthatforestschoolisshapingmyboys’relationshipwiththeoutdoors.They’relearninghowtospendextendedperiodsoftimeinnature,whattodotopassthetime,anddevelopingknowledgethatwillgetthemmuchclosertonatureinthecomingdecades.

1.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Nature:awonderlandfortheyoung

B.Forestschoolprogramprovesahit

C.Parksarereplacingtraditionalschools

D.Forestschool:afineplaceformykids第一步：讀文章;通過串聯(lián)每段的主題句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等詞的句子）理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)第二步：分析選項意思第三步，對比第一步獲取的文章信息與選項，得出正確答案Practice1GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget....Theeight-partseries(系列)-----“SaveMoney:GoodFood”,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

Practice2Q:Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext? A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart.B.BalancingOurDailyDiet.C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef.D.CookingWellforLess.

第一步：讀文章;通過串聯(lián)每段的主題句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等詞的句子）理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)第二步：分析選項意思第三步，對比第一步獲取的文章信息與選項，得出正確答案技法3文章大意題在速讀中準(zhǔn)確掌握全文主旨的能力。在理解全文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，通過歸納概括、推理判斷等邏輯思維活動，概括出全文主旨。常見設(shè)問方式有：

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?What'sthemainideaofthetext?Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?能力要求：[典例3]

(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷閱讀C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However，mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney，BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally，itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital，restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically，it'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud，BMFisremotelymonitored.Also，thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil，thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest，userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover，havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition，there'snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice，theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．BMF'smajorstrengths.B．BMF'sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF'sglobalinfluence.D．BMF'stechnicalstandards.第一步：讀文章;通過串聯(lián)每段的主題句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等詞的句子）理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)第二步：分析選項意思第三步，對比第一步獲取的文章信息與選項，得出正確答案圖解技法Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,……Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber…Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages…Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),----noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.Practice1第一步：讀文章;通過串聯(lián)每段的主題句（通常是首句/尾句，或者含有轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however等詞的句子）理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)第二步：分析選項意思第三步，對比第一步獲取的文章信息與選項，得出正確答案Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithh