2025年高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練專題04 閱讀理解主旨大意題（解析版）

專題04閱讀理解主旨大意題目錄題型綜述 2解題攻略 3題型01文章大意題 3題型02段落大意題 5題型03標(biāo)題歸納題 7高考練場 9題型簡介主旨大意題主要考查考生對文章中心思想或段落大意的歸納、概括和總結(jié)能力。它要求考生能夠理解文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和主要內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫作意圖。這種題型在高考英語閱讀中占有重要地位，因?yàn)樗荏w現(xiàn)考生對文章全局的把握，是一種高層次的閱讀理解能力考查。一般來說，每篇閱讀理解文章都會涉及至少一道主旨大意題，或者與主旨相關(guān)的題目，如最佳標(biāo)題題等。主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式多樣，位置通常在文章后的題目開頭或結(jié)尾部分，但也可能出現(xiàn)在中間位置。命題類型文章主旨題：這類題目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What'sthemainideaofthepassage?”或者“Thepassageismainlyabout...”。答案選項(xiàng)通常是對文章核心內(nèi)容的綜合表述，涵蓋了文章多個段落的要點(diǎn)信息。段落主旨題：主要針對文章中的某一個段落，考查考生對該段落中心內(nèi)容的理解。如“What'sthemainpointofthethirdparagraph?”。答案往往是該段落主題句的同義替換或者對段落細(xì)節(jié)信息的概括。最佳標(biāo)題題：要求考生從選項(xiàng)中選擇一個最適合文章的標(biāo)題。像“Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?”。標(biāo)題要能夠準(zhǔn)確地反映文章的主題，并且具有吸引力，同時還要簡潔明了，避免范圍過大或過小。解題思路尋找主題句法位置判斷：主題句在文章中的位置通常有一定規(guī)律。大部分情況下，主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭部分，開門見山地闡述文章主旨；有些文章主題句在結(jié)尾，起到總結(jié)全文的作用；還有少數(shù)文章主題句在中間，需要結(jié)合上下文來判斷。特點(diǎn)把握：主題句一般具有概括性強(qiáng)、涵蓋范圍廣的特點(diǎn)，能夠準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)文章或者段落的核心內(nèi)容。例如，在一篇講述環(huán)境保護(hù)措施的文章中，開頭的主題句可能是“Variouseffectivemeasureshavebeentakentoprotecttheenvironmentinrecentyears.”。歸納法細(xì)節(jié)整合：如果文章沒有明顯的主題句，就需要對文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。把各個段落的主要內(nèi)容提煉出來，尋找它們的共同點(diǎn)或者關(guān)聯(lián)點(diǎn)，從而概括出文章的主旨。注意事項(xiàng)：在歸納過程中，要避免遺漏重要信息，同時也要排除那些只涉及部分內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。比如，一篇文章分別介紹了科技對教育、醫(yī)療和交通的積極影響，歸納主旨時就要涵蓋這三個方面，不能只強(qiáng)調(diào)其中一個領(lǐng)域。關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞法高頻詞識別：注意文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。這些關(guān)鍵詞往往與文章的主題密切相關(guān)。例如，一篇文章多次出現(xiàn)“AI（人工智能）”“machinelearning（機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)）”“bigdata（大數(shù)據(jù)）”等詞匯，那么文章主旨很可能是關(guān)于人工智能技術(shù)及其相關(guān)應(yīng)用的。同義替換詞注意：同時還要留意與這些關(guān)鍵詞意思相近的表達(dá)，它們也有助于確定文章主旨。比如，除了“AI”之外，還出現(xiàn)了“artificialintelligencetechnology”等表達(dá)。命題方式【常見考法】主旨大意題經(jīng)常使用的提問方式有：1)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?3)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?4)What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?5)What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?題型01段落大意題一、常見設(shè)問方式WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?二、首尾兼顧法尋找主題句：1.段首段尾：段首--主題句多為段首一兩句(觀點(diǎn)或?qū)ο?；段尾--主題句也常為段尾句(結(jié)論或總結(jié))。2.段中：主題句有時在段中(前面的話是為引出主題）。3.無主題句：有時沒有主題句，需根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容自己概括。(山東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2024~2025學(xué)年高三12月月考英語試題)Peopleusuallywashtheirproducebeforeeatingtoremoveresidue(殘留物)frompesticides.Butareyourfruitsandvegetablesreallycleanenoughtoeat?Now14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe20243MYoungScreentestChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorthatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideresidue.Nowinits17thyear,thecompetitionsupportsmiddleschoolstudentstothinkcreativelyandapplySTEMprinciplestodiscoverrealworld-solutions.Whenthefinalistsarechosen,theyarepairedwitha3Mscientistwhomentorsthemoverthesummertohelptaketheirideasfromjustconceptstomodels.Sirish’sjourneytowinningtheawardcamefromwatchinghismotherwashingvegetablesandfruitsandcautioninghimalwaysdoso.Hewonderedwhetherwashingactuallymadeadifference.SincepesticideresiduesarelinkedtoillnesseslikecancerandAlzheimers’s,it’sveryimportanttoknowifthefruitsandvegetablesaresafe.That’showPestiSCANDisdesigned.Thedeviceworksbyshininglightonthesurfaceoftheproduceandmeasuringthe.wavelengthsthatbounceback.PestiSCANDusesasensorandAI-basedprocessortoachieveanaccuracyofover85percent.Sirishtestedthedeviceonmorethan12,000foodsamplesincludingstrawberries,apples,andtomatoes.Sirishaimsonmakingthistechnologywidelyaccessiblesothatconsumerswillbeabletomakesafefoodchoices.Buthestillbelievesyoushouldwashyourproduceanyway.Heplanstousethe$25,000prizefromthecompetitiontohelpfundhiseducationalgoalofattending.MIT.“Thisyear’sYoungScientistChallengefinalistshavedemonstratedanincredibleabilitytodevelopcreativesolutionstosomeoftheworld’smostpressingchallenges,”TorieClarke,EVPandchiefpublicaffairsofficerat3M,saidinthepressrelease.“Iambeyondimpressedandinspiredbytheirintelligenceandtheirscientificminds.”6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Thedesignprocess. B.Thewideapplication.C.Theworkingprinciple. D.Thetheoreticalfoundation.【答案】6.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要說明了來自喬治亞州的14歲的SirishSubash發(fā)明了一種基于人工智能的手持式農(nóng)藥檢測器，在檢測農(nóng)藥殘留方面非常準(zhǔn)確，贏得了2024年3M青年篩檢挑戰(zhàn)賽。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thedeviceworksbyshininglightonthesurfaceoftheproduceandmeasuringthe.wavelengthsthatbounceback.PestiSCANDusesasensorandAI-basedprocessortoachieveanaccuracyofover85percent.Sirishtestedthedeviceonmorethan12,000foodsamplesincludingstrawberries,apples,andtomatoes.(該裝置的工作原理是將光照射在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品表面并測量其質(zhì)量。反射回來的波長。PestiSCAND使用傳感器和基于人工智能的處理器來實(shí)現(xiàn)超過85%的精度。Sirish對包括草莓、蘋果和西紅柿在內(nèi)的12000多種食物樣本進(jìn)行了測試)”可知，第4段的重點(diǎn)是工作原理。故選C。題型02文章大意題一、提問方式What’sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?Thepassageismainlyabout________.Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.二、主旨大意歸納法：1.略讀法：讀文章標(biāo)題；讀首尾段落；讀段落首尾句；留意表句段關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞之后的內(nèi)容。2.文體法：新聞報道、議論文和說明文--主題句在首段；記敘文、議論文--主題句一般在尾段。3.詞語法：在文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主題詞。4.概括法：無主題句的文章，需讀者自己概括大意。?找主題句的技巧：1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意識地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞，通常是主旨。(安徽省卓越聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中考試英語試題)Googleisconsideringchargingforartificialintelligence(AI)-poweredsearchinwhatwouldbethebiggestchangeofitsbusinessmodelsinceitwasfounded.Thelargesearchcompany,whichisownedbyAlphabet,hasneverbeforeputanyofitskeyproductsbehindapaywall.However,bossesareconsideringchargingfornewadvancedsearchfeaturespoweredbyAI.ThecompanyisdealingwithhowtomakeuseoftheAItechnologywithoutthreateningitsadvertising-fundedbusinessmodel.TherearefearsthattheinventionofAIchatbots(聊天機(jī)器人)willweakensearchenginessuchasGooglebyallowingpeopletoaskfortheinformationtheyrequireratherthansearchingforit.Thiswouldrob(掠奪)Googleofthevaluabledataitcollectsfromusers.ItsleadersarenowreportedlyweighingupwhethertoputAI-poweredsearchfeaturesbehindapaywallinawaythatwouldallowittotakeadvantageofthenewtechnologywithoutcompetingwithitscoresearchengine.AlphabetislookingatputtingAI-poweredsearchintoitsadvancedsubscriptionservices.Engineersarereportedlydevelopingthefunctionalityneededforthechangesbuttheleadershavenotmadeadecisiononwhetherorwhentobegintheplan.Undertheplansbeingconsidered,Google’ssearchenginewouldremainfree.AspokesmanofAlphabetsaid:“We’renotworkingonorconsideringanad-freesearchexperience.We’llgoonbuildingnewcapabilitiesandservicestoenhanceoursubscriptionofferingsacrossGoogle.”Thespokesmanadded:“Foryears,we’vebeenreinventingSearchtohelppeopleaccessinformationinthewaythat’smostnaturaltothem.WithourgenerativeAIexperimentsinSearch,we’vealreadyservedbillionsofqueries(詢問).Wewillkeeprapidlyimprovingtheproducttoservenewuserneeds.”Lastyear,Google’sincomefromsearchandadvertisingmadeupmorethanhalfofitstotalsales.Thecompanywascaughtflat-footedbythehugesuccessofChatGPT,whichhasbeenbackedbyitscompetitorMicrosoft.GooglelauncheditsownAIchatbot,Gemini,inresponsebutthetechnologyreceivedalotofcomplaintsforplacingstressondiversityandharmlessanswersinsteadofaccuracy.LaterGooglestoppedthetool’sabilitytodrawpicturesandapologized.11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.Thecompetitionamongtechnologycompanies.B.Google’snewsearchengine.C.TheimportanceofAItechnology.D.AchangeinGoogle’sbusinessmodel.【答案】11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報道。文章主要講述了谷歌考慮對其AI搜索功能收費(fèi)以適應(yīng)AI發(fā)展的商業(yè)策略變化。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Googleisconsideringchargingforartificialintelligence(AI)-poweredsearchinwhatwouldbethebiggestchangeofitsbusinessmodelsinceitwasfounded.(谷歌正在考慮對人工智能（AI）搜索收費(fèi)，這將是該公司成立以來對其商業(yè)模式的最大改變)”并結(jié)合文章主要介紹了谷歌考慮對人工智能驅(qū)動的搜索收費(fèi)，以及這一變化可能對其商業(yè)模式的影響，故本文主要是關(guān)于谷歌商業(yè)模式的改變，D選項(xiàng)“谷歌商業(yè)模式的改變”符合題意。故選D。題型03標(biāo)題歸納題一、提問方式Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.二、文章標(biāo)題四大特性：1.概括性：概括全文，體現(xiàn)主旨；2.針對性：內(nèi)涵相符，范圍一致；

3.新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；4.簡短性：名詞短語,動名詞短語或祈使句。文章標(biāo)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：斷章取義(僅為文中一細(xì)節(jié))；以偏概全；離題太遠(yuǎn)。(2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期湖北省市級示范高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟12月月考英語試題)Cuttingbackonanimalproteininourdietscansaveonresourcesandgreenhousegasemissions.Butconvincingmeat-lovingconsumerstoswitchuptheirmenuisachallenge.Lookingatthisproblemfromamechanicalengineeringangle,Stanfordengineersarepioneeringanewapproachtofoodtexture(n.質(zhì)地，紋理)testingthatcouldpavethewayforartificialsteaksthatfoolevencommittedmeatlovers.InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatacombinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplant-basedmeats.Theteamalsofoundthatsomeplant-basedproductsarealreadypresentingthetextureofthemeatsthey’reimitating.“Wewere’surprisedtofindthattoday’splant-basedproductscanreproducethewholetextureofanimalmeats,”saidEllenKuhl,professorofmechanicalengineeringandseniorauthorofthestudy.Meatsubstituteshavecomealongwayfromwhentofuwastheonlyoption,sheadded.Industrialanimalagriculturecontributestoclimatechange,pollution,habitatloss,andsoon.Thatburdenontheplanetcanbeeasedbyexchanginganimalproteinsforplantproteinsindiets.Onestudyestimatedthatplant-basedmeats,onaverage,havehalftheenvironmentalimpactasanimalmeat.Butmanymeateatersarereluctanttochange;onlyaboutathirdofAmericansinonesurveyindicatedtheywere“verylikely”tobuyplant-basedalternatives.“Peoplelovemeat,”saidSkylerSt.Pierre,aPhDstudentinmechanicalengineeringandleadauthorofthepaper.“Ifwewanttoconvincethemeateatersthatalternativesareworthtrying,thecloserwecanimitateanimalmeatwithplant-basedproducts,themorelikelypeoplemightbeopentotryingsomethingnew.”Tosuccessfullyimitateanimalmeat,foodscientistsanalyzethetextureofplant-basedmeatproducts.Unfortunately,traditionalfoodtestingmethodsarenotstandardizedandtheresultsarerarelymadeavailabletoscienceandtothepublic,saidSt.Pierre.Thismakesitharderforscientiststocreatenewrecipesforalternatives.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.FoodTesting:AKeytoMeatRevolution.B.PlantorMeat?That’saquestion.C.NewTechinOurDailyFood.D.Plant-basedmeat:TheNewFashionontheTable.【答案】35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)工程師從機(jī)械工程角度出發(fā)，采用機(jī)械測試與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合的新方法進(jìn)行食品質(zhì)地測試，旨在開發(fā)出能媲美真肉質(zhì)地的人造牛排，以推動植物基肉類的發(fā)展，緩解因畜牧業(yè)對環(huán)境造成的壓力，同時提及該研究的背景、新方法的優(yōu)勢、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及意義等內(nèi)容?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatacombinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplant-basedmeats.Theteamalsofoundthatsomeplant-basedproductsarealreadypresentingthetextureofthemeatsthey’reimitating.(在《食品科學(xué)》的一篇新論文中，該團(tuán)隊證明，機(jī)械測試和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)合可以描述與人類味覺測試儀驚人相似的食物質(zhì)地。這種方法可以加快更好的植物性肉類的開發(fā)。該團(tuán)隊還發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些植物性產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)出他們模仿的肉類的質(zhì)地)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，文章核心圍繞斯坦福大學(xué)開發(fā)的新食品質(zhì)地測試方法展開，該方法對植物基肉類發(fā)展意義重大，可能引發(fā)肉類領(lǐng)域的變革，所以“食品檢測：肉類革命的關(guān)鍵”適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。題型01段落大意題(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語I卷B篇)B“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine–combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.【答案】26.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫(yī)療應(yīng)用于動物，并取得了初步成效。26.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說，查理心臟病發(fā)作后，她準(zhǔn)備讓他進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個月。普里西拉·杜因(PriscillaDewing)報告說，她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動更容易，乘車更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要講述了兩個例子，一個是Farber通過整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie，另一個是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。故選D。題型02文章大意題(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語II卷C篇)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】11.A【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。題型03標(biāo)題歸納題(2024年全國高考英語甲卷B篇)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【答案】7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物來表達(dá)需求、評估環(huán)境和展示愛意?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animals

can

express

their

needs

using

a

lot

of

ways.(動物可以用很多方式來表達(dá)他們的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式，包括叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物的習(xí)慣，以及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的貓的行為)”作文文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。A（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·階段練習(xí)）Ifirstsawtheearth—thewholeearthfromtheshuttleChallengerin1984.Theviewtakesyourbreathawayandfillsyouwithchildlikewonder.That’swhyeveryshuttlecrewhastocleannoseprintsofftheirspaceraft’swindowsseveraltimesaday.Anincrediblybeautifultapestry(織錦)ofblueandwhite,tan,blackandgreenseemstoglidebeneathyouatanelegant,statelypace.Butyouareactuallygoingsofastthattheentiremapoftheworldspinsbeforeyoureyeswitheach90-minuteorbit.Afterjustoneortwolaps,youfeel,maybeforthefirsttimelikeacitizenofaplanet.Allthecolorsandpatternsyousee—thevisibleevidenceofthecomplexworkingofthenaturalsystemsthatmakeourplanethabitable—seembothvastandprecise,powerfulandyetsomehowfragile.Youseevolcanoesspewingsmoke,hurricanesroilingtheoceansandevenfinetendrils’ofSaharandustreachingacrosstheAtlantic.Youalsoseethebig,graysmudgesoffields,paddiesandpastures,andatnightyoumarvelatthelights,likebrilliantdiamonds,thatrevealamosaicofcities,roadsandcoastlines—impressivesignsofthehandofhumanity.Scientiststellusthatourhandisheavy,thatwearewipingoutofotherspeciesatanunprecedentedrateandprobablytransformingourclimate.Willtheimmensepowerofglobalsystemswithstandtheimpactofhumanity?Orisitpossiblethatourcollectiveactionswillchangethenatureofourplanetenoughtocrippleitsabilitytosupportlife?Inolongerbelievethatwecanwaitforallthescientificdataneededtoanswerthesequestionsconclusively.Wemustrecognizeimmediatelywhatitmeanstobecitizensofthisplanet.Itmeansacceptingtheobligationtobethestewardsoftheearth’slife-givingcapacities.Ashomeowners,wewouldn’tneglectordamageourhousesuntiltheyweren’tfittolivein.Whywouldwedothatwithourplanet?1．WhatdoesthewriterwanttoexpressinParagraph1?A．Theyareawedbytheviewoftheearth. B．Theyarehomesickinthespaceshuttle.C．Theyfeelscaredflyingintheouter-space. D．Theyfeelexcitedtoexploretheuniverse.2．What’sthemainfunctionofParagraph3?A．Providingdataforthewriter’sargument. B．Summarizingthemainideaofthetext.C．Settingthestageforfurtherdiscussion. D．Introducingdifferentideasonhumanimpact.3．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementdoesthewriteragreewith?A．It’snotclearwhathumanscandotonatureB．Wemustactnowtotakecareofnaturebeforeit’stoolateC．HumanbeingsarenottheonlycreatureoftheearthD．Theearthisstrongenoughtosupportmorelives.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AGlimpseofHome B．GoingGreenwithOurEarthC．FlyingtotheFuture D．MyExperienceasanAstronaut【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要介紹了作者從太空中看到地球的美景和對地球的思考。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifirstsawtheearth—thewholeearthfromtheshuttleChallengerin1984.Theviewtakesyourbreathawayandfillsyouwithchildlikewonder.That’swhyeveryshuttlecrewhastocleannoseprintsofftheirspaceraft’swindowsseveraltimesaday.(我第一次看到地球——整個地球，是從1984年的挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機(jī)上。這景色會讓你屏住呼吸，讓你充滿孩子般的驚奇。這就是為什么每個航天飛機(jī)機(jī)組人員每天都要清理幾次他們的飛船窗戶上的鼻印。)”可知，作者第一次從航天飛機(jī)上看到地球的全貌時，被地球的美景震撼，充滿了童真的驚奇。故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Youseevolcanoesspewingsmoke,hurricanesroilingtheoceansandevenfinetendrils’ofSaharandustreachingacrosstheAtlantic.(你會看到火山噴出煙霧，颶風(fēng)在海洋中肆虐，甚至撒哈拉沙漠的塵埃細(xì)沙也橫跨大西洋。)”可知，第三段描述了地球上發(fā)生的災(zāi)難，為后續(xù)討論人類應(yīng)如何保護(hù)地球做鋪墊。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itmeansacceptingtheobligationtobethestewardsoftheearth’slife-givingcapacities.Ashomeowners,wewouldn’tneglectordamageourhousesuntiltheyweren’tfittolivein.Whywouldwedothatwithourplanet?(它意味著接受成為地球賦予生命的能力的管理者的義務(wù)。作為房主，我們不會忽視或損壞我們的房子，直到它們不適合居住。我們?yōu)槭裁匆@樣對待我們的星球呢？)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們要立即認(rèn)識到作為地球公民的責(zé)任，在為時已晚之前保護(hù)好我們的星球并保護(hù)好自然。故選B。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Ifirstsawtheearth—thewholeearthfromtheshuttleChallengerin1984.Theviewtakesyourbreathawayandfillsyouwithchildlikewonder.That’swhyeveryshuttlecrewhastocleannoseprintsofftheirspaceraft’swindowsseveraltimesaday.(我第一次看到地球——整個地球，是從1984年的挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機(jī)上。這景色會讓你屏住呼吸，讓你充滿孩子般的驚奇。這就是為什么每個航天飛機(jī)機(jī)組人員每天都要清理幾次他們的飛船窗戶上的鼻印。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者從太空中看到地球的美景和對地球的思考，最好的標(biāo)題是選項(xiàng)A“AGlimpseofHome(家園一瞥)”。故選A。B（24-25高三上·廣東東莞·階段練習(xí)）Ifastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmightwelleatit.Butwhatiftheyofferedtoalsogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydeclineandwalkawaythinking,“Somethingsmellsfishy.”InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”(aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices)becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue”.Theresearchbridgeseconomicsandpsychologytoexplainwhyfinancialattractioncanbackfire.Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely,comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$2aswell.“Peopletypicallyimaginethingslikethatsomeonedidsomethingdisgustingtothecookie,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch,apsychologicalscientistatUniversityofCanterburyinNewZealand.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentothercases.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,incrediblyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainthreshold(門檻),higherfinancialprofitreducedparticipants’potentialofacceptingtheoffer.Ifsomeoneseemstogoagainstacceptednormssuchasself-interestwithoutexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”:imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue”.Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedovergenerositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologiststudyingdecision-makingatEngland’sUniversityofReading.“Theoldsaying‘there’snosuchthingasafreelunch’isclearlyaliveandwell.”Anotherexperimentfoundthathighscorersonmeasuresofdistrustinferredmorephantomcosts.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtoalleviatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmorewillingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientexplanation.”5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backfire”inPara.1mean?A．Resultinanoppositeeffect.B．Boostthesuccessofanoffer.C．Increasetheappealofaproposal.D．Causeapositiveoutcomeunexpectedly.6．Whyisthequote“there’snosuchthingasafreelunch”mentionedbytheauthor?A．Toprovethephantomcosts.B．Topromotegenerosityinsociety.C．Todoubthiddencostsofgenerousoffers.D．Toremindpeopletobecautiousoffreeitems.7．Whathelpsmakethe“cheapflights”moreacce