車(chē)鉤緩沖裝置CouplerandDraftGear課件

車(chē)鉤緩沖裝置CouplerandDraftGear1號(hào)、2號(hào)和15號(hào)車(chē)鉤的鉤頭內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同。零件可以互換，故這三種類(lèi)型車(chē)鉤作用原理完全相同，所不同的是2號(hào)車(chē)鉤有上作用和下作用式，1號(hào)、15號(hào)只有下作用式。TheinternalstructureofthecouplerheadofNo.1,No.2andNo.15couplersisexactlythesame.Partscanbeinterchanged,sothesethreetypesofcouplersworkonthesameprinciple,thedifferenceisthattheNo.2couplershavearoleintheupperandloweractiontype,No.1,No.15onlyloweractiontype.15號(hào)車(chē)鉤使用在客車(chē)上，由鉤體、鉤舌及鉤頭配件等組成，其中鉤體分為鉤頭、鉤身、鉤尾三部分。鉤頭與鉤舌通過(guò)鉤舌銷(xiāo)相連接，鉤舌可繞鉤舌銷(xiāo)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，鉤頭內(nèi)部裝有鉤鎖鐵、鉤舌推鐵、鉤推銷(xiāo)等零件。No.15couplersusedinpassengercars,bythecouplerbody,couplerknuckleandcouplerfittings,etc.,ofwhichthecouplerbodyisdividedintothecouplerhead,couplerbody,couplertailthreeparts.couplerheadandcouplerknuckleareconnectedthroughthecouplerknucklepin,thecouplerknucklecanberotatedaroundthecouplerknucklepin,andthecouplerheadisequippedwithcouplerlockingiron,couplerknucklepushingiron,couplerpushpinandotherparts.15號(hào)車(chē)鉤No.15coupler鉤體Couplerbody

鉤體是車(chē)鉤的基礎(chǔ)部分，其它零件與其配合共同完成車(chē)鉤的作用，可分為鉤頭、鉤身和鉤尾三部分。Thecouplerbodyisthebasicpartofthecoupler,andotherpartscooperatewithittocompleteitsfunction.Itcanbedividedintothreeparts:thecouplerhead,thecouplerbodyandthecouplertail.（1）鉤頭是車(chē)輛摘掛的重要部分；Thecouplerheadisanimportantpartofthevehicle’sdecoupling.（2）鉤身是傳遞牽引力和沖擊力的部位。它做成中空方形結(jié)構(gòu)，具有較大的強(qiáng)度和剛度；Thecouplerbodyisthepartthattransmitstractionandimpactforce.Itismadeintoahollowsquarestructurewithhighstrengthandstiffness.（3）鉤尾供安裝鉤尾框用。其上開(kāi)有鉤尾銷(xiāo)孔，鉤尾端面為圓弧面。Thecouplertailisusedforinstallingthecouplertailframe.Itisequippedwithacouplertailpinhole,andthecouplertailendfaceisacirculararcsurface.15號(hào)車(chē)鉤鉤體及配件示意圖

SchematicdiagramofNo.15carcouplerbodyandaccessories15號(hào)車(chē)鉤鉤體及配件1—鉤腕Couplerwrist；2—鉤鎖腔Couplerlockchamber；3—下鉤耳孔lowerpivotlughole；4—上鉤耳孔u(yù)pperpivotlughole

；5—鉤肩horn；6—鉤舌couplerknuckle；7—鉤鎖Couplerlock；8—鉤舌推鐵couplerknucklepushiron；9—下鎖銷(xiāo)Lowerlockliftpin；10—鉤舌銷(xiāo)couplerknucklepin；11—銷(xiāo)螺母pinnut；12—圓棒形下鎖銷(xiāo)桿Round

barshapedlowerlockliftpinrod鉤體Couplerbody

鉤舌裝在上下鉤耳之間，插入鉤舌銷(xiāo)后以鉤舌銷(xiāo)為軸而轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，利用鉤舌的開(kāi)閉可進(jìn)行車(chē)輛互相連掛和摘解。其上有牽引突緣，傳遞牽引力。Thecouplerknuckleisinstalledbetweentheupperandlowerpivotlugpins,andafterinsertingthecouplerknucklepin,itrotateswithitastheaxis.Theopeningandclosingofthecouplerknucklecanbeusedtoconnectanddetachvehiclesfromeachother.Itissurmountedbyatractionprotrusionthattransmitstraction.

鉤舌銷(xiāo)穿過(guò)鉤耳孔及鉤舌銷(xiāo)孔，將鉤舌與鉤體聯(lián)系在一起，鉤舌可繞其轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。正常情況下，鉤舌銷(xiāo)不受牽引力、沖擊力，僅起到轉(zhuǎn)軸作用。Thecouplerknucklepinpassesthroughthepivotlugholeandcouplerknucklepinhole,connectingthecouplerknucklewiththecouplerbody,andallowthecouplerknucklerotatearoundit.Undernormalcircumstances,thecouplerknucklepinisnotsubjectedtotractionorimpactforceandonlyservesasarotatingshaft.15號(hào)車(chē)鉤鉤舌1-鉤腕牽引面couplerwristtractionsurface

；2-鉤舌銷(xiāo)孔；Couplerknucklepinhole;3-上牽引突緣uppertractionrim；4-鉤舌尾端面Tailsurfaceofcouplerknuckle；5-鉤舌鎖面Couplerknucklelockface；6-下?tīng)恳痪塱nferiortractionalrim；7-內(nèi)腕insidewrist；8-鉤舌鼻couplerednose（3）鉤頭內(nèi)部零件Internalpartsofthecouplerhead

鉤頭內(nèi)部零件包括鉤鎖、鉤舌推鐵和下鎖銷(xiāo)。Theinternalpartsofthecouplerheadincludethecouplerlock,couplerknucklepushironandlowerlockliftpin.

鉤鎖（見(jiàn)下圖1）裝在鉤鎖腔內(nèi)鉤舌尾部側(cè)面，在閉鎖位置時(shí)擋住鉤舌尾部，起鎖鉤作用，在全開(kāi)位置時(shí)，推動(dòng)鉤舌推鐵能使鉤舌張開(kāi)。Couplerlock:installedonthesideofthetailofthecouplerknuckleinthecouplerlockchamber,blockingthetailofthecouplerknuckleinthelockingpositiontolockthecoupler.Inthefullyopenposition,pushingthecouplerknucklepushironcanopenthecouplerknuckle.

鉤舌推鐵（見(jiàn)下圖2）：懸掛在鉤鎖腔內(nèi)，上部嵌入鉤舌推鐵槽內(nèi)，下端靠在鉤舌尾部側(cè)面，全開(kāi)位置時(shí)能踢動(dòng)鉤舌轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。couplerknucklepushiron:suspendedinthecouplerlockchamber,withtheupperpartembeddedinthecouplerknucklepushirongroove,andthelowerendrestingonthesideofthetailofthecouplerknuckle.Whenfullyopen,thecouplerknucklecanbekickedtorotate.

15號(hào)車(chē)鉤鉤舌推鐵是在縱向面旋轉(zhuǎn)，13號(hào)推鐵是在水平面旋轉(zhuǎn)TheNo.15couplerknucklepusherrotatesinthelongitudinalplaneandtheNo.13pusherrotatesinthehorizontalplane.15號(hào)車(chē)鉤鉤鎖圖

couplerLockDiagramforCarcouplerNO.15圖115號(hào)車(chē)鉤鉤鎖couplerlockforNo.151-導(dǎo)向角guideangle；2-全開(kāi)作用面fullyopenplayingsurface；3-開(kāi)鎖坐鎖面LockSittingLockFace；4-鎖銷(xiāo)作用槽（十字銷(xiāo)凹槽）Lockingpinactiongroove(crosspinnotch)圖215號(hào)車(chē)鉤鉤舌推鐵No.15couplerknucklepushiron1-全開(kāi)作用端；Fullopenactionend;2-推鐵踢足；Pushironkickingfoot;3-全開(kāi)支點(diǎn)Fullopeningpoint鉤頭內(nèi)部零件Internalpartsofthecouplerhead

下鎖銷(xiāo)及下鎖銷(xiāo)桿：鉤鎖銷(xiāo)在其一端兩側(cè)有圓柱形十字銷(xiāo)，置于鉤鎖背部十字銷(xiāo)凹槽內(nèi)，以便推起鉤鎖。端部除十字銷(xiāo)外，還有防脫（跳）止端，以便在閉鎖位置起防脫（跳）作用。下鎖銷(xiāo)桿是下作用式車(chē)鉤用以保持下鎖銷(xiāo)正確作用位置的配件。一端安裝在鉤舌銷(xiāo)下部，另一端與下鎖銷(xiāo)及下作用式車(chē)鉤提桿套裝在一起。LowerlockliftpinandLowerlockliftpinrod:Therearecylindricalcrosspinsonbothsidesofoneendofthelowerlockliftpin,whichareplacedinthecrosspingrooveonthebackofthecouplerlocktopushupthecouplerlock.Inadditiontothecrosspin,theendalsohasananti-detachment(jump)stopendtoplayananti-detachment(jump)roleinthelockingposition.Thelowerlockliftpinleverisanaccessoryusedtokeepthelowerlockliftpininthecorrectpositionforthelower-actinghitch.Oneendismountedonthelowerpartofthecouplerknucklepinandtheotherendisfittedtothelowerlockliftpinandtheloweractinghitchlever.下鎖銷(xiāo)及下鎖銷(xiāo)桿LowerlockliftpinandLowerlockliftpinrod

下鎖銷(xiāo)上、下防脫（跳）臺(tái)及作用1—上防脫（跳）止端Upperanti-detachment(trip)stop；2—十字銷(xiāo)crosspin；3—下防脫（跳）止端loweranti-detachment(trip)stop；4—下鎖銷(xiāo)桿銷(xiāo)孔Lowerlockliftpinbarpinhole；5—上防脫（跳）位置upperanti-skippingposition；6—下防脫（跳）位置Loweranti-jumpposition三、車(chē)鉤的三態(tài)作用

Threestateactionofthecouplerbelow

（1）閉鎖位置：車(chē)輛連掛后，兩個(gè)車(chē)鉤均須處于閉鎖位置時(shí)才能傳遞牽引力。Lockingposition:Afterthevehicleiscoupled,bothcouplersmustbeinthelockingpositioninordertotransmittraction.15號(hào)車(chē)鉤閉鎖位置1—鉤頭couplerhead；9—鉤舌couplerknuckle；10—鉤舌銷(xiāo)couplerknucklepin；11—鉤舌推鐵couplerknucklepushiron；12—鉤鎖鐵couplerlockiron；13—下鎖銷(xiāo)lowerlockliftpina—鉤鎖位置couplerlockposition；b—上防跳位置upperanti-skippingposition；c—下防跳位置Loweranti-jumpposition.（2）開(kāi)鎖位置：兩連掛著的車(chē)輛欲要分開(kāi)，必須有一個(gè)車(chē)鉤處于開(kāi)鎖位置。

Unlockposition:Toseparatetwoconnectedvehicles,onecouplermustbeintheunlockposition.15號(hào)車(chē)鉤開(kāi)鎖位置1—鉤頭couplerhead；9—鉤舌couplerknuckle；10—鉤舌銷(xiāo)couplerknucklepin；11—鉤舌推鐵couplerknucklepushiron；12—鉤鎖鐵couplerlockiron；13—