2012年高考英語試卷（湖南）（解析卷）

第頁|共頁PartⅠListeningComprehension(30marks)SectionA（22.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearsixconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Foreachconversation,thereareseveralquestionsandeachquestionisfollowedbythreechoicesmarkedA,BandC.Listencarefullyandthenchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.YouwillheareachconversationTWICE.Example:Whenwillthemagazineprobablyarrive?A.WednesdayB.ThursdayC.FridayTheanswerisB.Conversation1Whendoesthewomanfinishwork?A.At6:00B.At7:00C.At8:002.Whatisthemangoingtodotonight?A.SeehisparentsB.WatchanewmovieC.GoforanappointmentConversation23.Wheredoesthemanplaytennis?A.AttheuniversityB.AttheclubC.Atthecommunitycenter4.Howoftendoesthewomanswim?A.OnceaweekB.ThreetimesaweekC.FivetimesaweekConversation35.Whatisthemandoing?A.GettingdressedB.HavinganinterviewC.Celebratingabirthday6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.ParentandchildB.HusbandandwifeC.CustomerandsaleswomanConversation47.Whydidthemancomebacklate

?A.Hewenttothebar.B.Hemethisteacher.C.Heplayedbasketball.8.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?A.Shetookaphysicstest.B.ShehadameetingC.Sheheldaparty9.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoaftertheconversation?A.SeeherfriendsB.GototheschoolC.PreparedinnerConversation510.Wheredidthewomangrowup?A.InSwitzerland.B.IntheUK.C.InFrance.11.WhichofthefollowingdoesthewomanlikebestaboutWeybridge?A.ItssceneryB.ItspeopleC.Itsfacilities12.Whatdoesthemando?A.AteacherB.AhostC.AtourguideConversation613.Whyisthewomanupset?A.Themandidn’tapologizeB.Themandidn’tturnup.C.Themandidn’tcall.14.Whoisthemanspeakingto?A.Awaitress.B.AprofessorC.Adoctor15.Whenwillthetwospeakersseeeachother?A.OnTuesdayB.OnThursdayC.OnFridaySectionB（7.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.listencarefullyandthenfillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.FillineachblankwithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.YouwillheartheshortpassageTWICESchoolLibraryLocationsAndresources·1stfloor

:80,000books·2ndfloor:16___kindsofnewspapersandmagazinesRules·Booksforlendingcanbekeptfora17_____byfull-timestudents.·18_books,newspapersandmagazinescanneverbetakenout.Openingtime·Alldaylong·AllyearroundexceptChristmasDayand19_______Access·By20______聽力答案1-5ACCBA6-10BABCA11-15CBCBA16.9017.month18.Reference19.NewYear’sDay20.IDcard聽力錄音原文Conversation1M:Hey,whenwouldyouliketogotothenewmoviewithmetonight?W:Ifinishworkatsix,thenatseven,I’llseemyparents.Let’smeetateight.M:Actually,eightisnottherighttimeforme.IjustrememberthatIhaveanappointment.W:Allright.Let’smakeittomorrow.Conversation2W:Doyouplaygolfattheclub?M:Never.Idon’tlikeit.Tennisismysport.W:Really?Iusedtotaketennislessonsattheuniversityonceaweek.ButIwasneveranygoodatit.M:Youhavetopracticealot.Iplayfivetimesaweekwithagroupatthecommunitycenter.W:Idon’thavetimeforthat.ButIswimatthehotelpoolthreetimesaweek.Conversation3M:Idon’tknowwhattoweartoday,dear.W:Whydoyoucaresomuchaboutyourclothestoday?M:I’mgoingtohaveanimportantinterview.W:Well,I’msureyou’lldowell,dear.M:Thanks.Doyoulikethissuit?W:Yes.Youlookverysmartinthatblueone.M:Howaboutthetie?Doyouthinkthisonematch?W:No,notreally.Whydon’tyouwearyournewone?M:Whichone?W:Theonethekidsgaveyouforyourbirthday.M:Thatone.I’llgetit.Conversation4W:Peter,thisismum.Areyouhome?M:Yes,mum.Ijustgotbackawhileago.W:Awhileago?Butyoudonothavebasketballpracticetoday.Whydidyoucomehomesolate?M:Well,wegotaphysicstestbacktoday.W:Andwhathasthatgottodowithyourcominghomelate,unlessyoudidpoorlyandyourteacherkeptyouafterschool?M:Oh,no,mum.Whywouldyouthinkthat?Igotthehighestmarkintheclass.SomyfriendsandIhadasmallpartyinthebar.W:Whydidn’tyoucalltotellme?M:Idid.Yourmobilephonewasturnedoff.W:Oh,yes.Iforgottoturnitonaftermymeetingthismorning.Howmanymarksdidyougetanyway?M:93.W:Wow.Now,whatdoyouwanttohavefordinner?Conversation5M:Welcometoourtalkshow,Barbara.Please,makeyourselfathome.First,couldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutwhereyoulive?W:Yes.IwasborninFrance,butIgrewupinSwitzerland.AndIrecentlymovedtotheUK.NowIliveinWeybridge.M:Whatsortofplaceisthat?W:It’salargebusyplacewithbeautifulscenery.It’snearLondon.Ithasgotlotsofpeopleandhouses.It’stypicalofLondonsuburb.M:Isthereanythingyoulikebestaboutit?W:ThegreatestthingaboutWeybridgeisthefacilities.You’llgeteverythingyouneed,shops,busesandtrains,cinemas,pubsandrestaurants,entertainment.M:Isee,thankyou.Now,let’smoveontoyourjob.Conversation6M:I’mreallysorry,ProfessorAaron.Iwasillyesterday.W:Look,I’mnotupsetthatyoucouldn’tkeeptheappointment.Butyoudidn’tcallme.Whensomeonedoesn’tturnupanddoesn’tcall,itmakessomeoneelsewait.M:You’reright.Iapologize.Ididn’tfeelwell.AndIguessIjustwasn’tthinkingofcallingyouatthetime.W:OK.Apologyaccepted.Now,Isupposeyouneedtosetupanotherappointment?M:Yes,Ido.ButI’mreallyworriedaboutmyproject.CanyouseemenowifIwait?W:No,Icanseeyouatthreeo’clockthisafternoon,orduringmyofficehouronTuesdayorThursdayorFriday.M:Great.Yourofficehourisbest.That’stwoo’clock,right?W:That’sright.Whichdaydoyouprefer?M:Tuesday.W:OK.Betherethistime.M:Iwill.Conversation7Goodmorning,todayI’mgoingtotellyoualittleaboutourschoollibrary.Weregardourlibraryasapoolofresourcesthatyoumayneed.Ithasacollectionof80,000booksand90kindsofnewspapersandmagazines.Thebooksareintwocategories:thoseforlendingandthoseforreference.Theyarealllocatedonthefirstfloor.Fornewspapersandmagazines,theyareavailableonthesecondfloor.Booksforlendingcanbekeptforamonthbyfull-timestudents.Asforreferencebooks,newspapersandmagazines,theycannotbetakenoutofthelibraryunderanycircumstances.Thelibraryisopen24hoursaday,7daysaweek,365daysayearexceptChristmasDayandNewYear’sDay.However,togainaccesstothelibrary,youmusthaveyourIDcard.NoIDcard,noentry.Now,anyquestions?PartⅡLanguageKnowledge(45marks)SectionA(15marks)Directions:ForeachofthefollowingunfinishedsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Example:-'Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD,tocoverTheanswerisA.22.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow______laterinlife.A.willberepaid B.wasbeingrepaid C.hasbeenrepaid D.wasrepaid【答案】A【解析】本題考察時態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意：別擔心，你現(xiàn)在的努力今后會得到回報的。本題考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)先時后態(tài)，判斷出時間為將來(laterinlife以后的日子中)本句中的時間狀語laterinlife相對于now來講當然是將來時間，故可以確定為將來時。24.Bicyclingisgoodexercise;_______,itdoesnotpollutetheair.A.nevertheless B.besides C.otherwise D.therefore【答案】B【解析】句意：騎自行車是一種很好的運動，而且，還不污染空氣。本題考查連詞的用法。連詞的選擇主要從上下文的邏輯關(guān)系出發(fā)來考慮。此處，isgoodexercise和doesn’tpollutetheair之間應為順承關(guān)系，所以選besides。而nevertheless“然而”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，otherwise“否則”表選擇關(guān)系，therefore“因此”表因果關(guān)系，故都排除。27."Themoment_____soon,"hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.A.cameB.hastomeC.wascomingD.iscoming【答案】D【解析】本題考查時態(tài)。句意：“這一時刻馬上就要來了，”他想——他等的都有點緊張了。先時后態(tài)，判斷出時間為將來(soon)，就說明這一時刻還沒到來但即將到來。28._____IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.A.WhileB.OnceC.IfD.Until【答案】A【解析】本題考查狀語從句。句意：盡管我總覺得能考及格，但我從未想過能得A。在確定狀語從句的引導詞時，要從上下文的邏輯關(guān)系入手，根據(jù)語境，“我總覺得能考及格”和“我從未想過能得A”存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應用“盡管；雖然”來引導，while在此就表此意。31.Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlazenight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted【答案】A【解析】本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意：會議在昨天晚上七點開始，會后有進行了用天文望遠鏡觀測月亮的活動。start一詞在此既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞，因此此處不必分析主被動邏輯關(guān)系；此處主要考查的是時態(tài)觀念，不定式含有的將來含義并線不符合語境，先可排除C、D；start又為短暫動詞不可用過于“進行”含義，而beingstarted“正在被開始”強調(diào)進行含義，不妥，排除B；A項starting雖為現(xiàn)在分詞形式，在此并無進行含義，可視為whichstarted…從句省略而來。32.hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whenever【答案】A【解析】本題考查的讓步狀語從句。句意：如果你不減少飲食的話，無論你多么努力嘗試，也難減肥成功。此處的關(guān)鍵字眼是hard，hard既然被提到主語前，說明引導詞應和hard一起來引導從句，而能夠修飾hard的只有however一詞，所以答案選A。另外，however還可用作連接性副詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折，“然而”之意。此處的however意為“無論多么”。35.Allthescientificevidencethatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarmingdamagingourhealth.A.show;areB.shows;areC.show;isD.shows;is【答案】D【解析】本題考查主謂一致。句意：所有的科學證據(jù)表明在農(nóng)業(yè)中越來越多地使用化學物質(zhì)正在危害我們的健康。evidence是不可數(shù)名詞，所以主句的謂語動詞為shows；而在賓語從句中主語部分increasinguseofchemicalsinfarming的中心詞為use，所以謂語動詞為is。PartⅡSectionB(18marks)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext."What'sitliketohaveagapbetweenyourteeth?"agirlaskedmeoneday.Nobodyhadever_.36_before.Myhandunconsciouslyrosetocovermymouth.But,asshelookedatme,sincerelywaitingfor__37__,1realizedshewasnottryingtoberude."Ineverthinkaboutit,"Itruthfullyreplied.Shenoddedandturnedaway.Iwasleftwonderingifpeople_38__meandsawonlygappyteeth.Laterthatdayathome,Ibeganto__39__myteethagain.Ifeltupset.Ithoughtmylifewouldbesomehowbetterifmyteethwerenotgappy.HowIwantedtheperfectteeththateveryoneelseseemedtohave!Ofcourse,Mom40everything.Shehaslivedherentirelifewithgappyteeth,andtriedtoconvincemethattherewasnothingto__41__.WhenIrefusedtolisten,shetoldmeIcouldgetthesurgerytoclosethegapifitwasthatimportant."Let'sbe42__,though,"shesaid."Ifeveryonegotsurgeriestobecomepretty,everyonewouldbeexactlythesame.Thereisbeautyindifferences."Her__43__mademeconsidermyteethseriously.Thethoughtoflosingmygapwasmoreterriblethantherealitythatpeopleweregoingtonoticeit.Irealizedhowimportantitwastome.Itispartofmy44_.Nowadaysmanypeopledoridiculousthingstorealizetheirdreamof"perfection."The__45_isthatnooneisperfect.Whenallpotentialforuglinessisremoved,soisallofthepotentialfor46__.Soifthatgirleveraskedaboutmyteeth47___,Iwouldtruthfullyanswer."Youknow?It'sreallycute."36.A.faced B.guessed C.asked D.imagined37.A.anoffer B.ananswer C.asuggestionD.aresult38.Aheardof B.thoughtof C.talkedabout D.lookedat39.A.consider B.brush C.cover D.appreciate40.A.admitted B.noticed C.controlled D.changed41.A.worryabout B.putoff C.giveup D.wipeout42.A.friendly B.lovelyC.honest D.helpful43.A.words B.jokes C.dreams D.acts44.A.ability B.decision C.goal D.identity45.A.possibility B.purpose C.truth D.choice46.A.courage B.wisdom C.kindness D.beauty47.A.once B.again C.too D.instead【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了我和媽媽對于自己牙齒縫隙不同看法的一則小故事。SectionC(12marks)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitsthecontext.Keepingintouchwithourfriendsisanimportantpartoffriendship.Thisdoesnotmeanthat__48__havetowriteorcallourfriendseveryday.Itdoesmean,however,thatwe__49__careenoughaboutourfriendstofindouthowtheyaredoingfromtimetotime.Peoplehavedifferenthabitsaboutkeepingintouchwithothers.Someliketocalltheirfriends,sometimesmanytimes__50__day.Othersprefertoe-mailtheirfriends.Still__51__preferwritingletterssothattheycanincludephotosorinterestingarticles__52__theenvelopesalongwiththeirletters.Someevenwritepostcardswhiletheyareonvacation__53__sendthemtofriends.Everykindofcommunicationisimportant.Itis__54__importantwhatkindofcallwemakeorletterwesend.__55__isimportantisthatweletothersknowwecareaboutthem.【解題導語】文章體裁屬于議論文，表達了作者對于朋友之間聯(lián)系方式的看法。PartⅢReadingComprehension(30marks)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished.statementsForeachofthemtherearefourchokesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.A.Whatmakesagiftspecial?Isitthepriceyouseeonthegiftreceipt?Orisitthelookontherecipient'sfacewhentheyreceiveitthatdeterminesthetruevalue?Whatgiftisworththemost?ThisChristmasIwasdebatingwhattogivemyfather.Mydadisahardpersontobuyforbecauseheneverwantsanything.IpulledoutmyphonetoreadatextmessagefrommymomsayingthatwewereleavingforChristmasshoppingforhimwhenIcameacrossamessageonmyphonethatIhadlocked.Themessagewasfrommyfather.MyeyesfellonaphotoofaflowertakeninWyoming.andunderneathapoembyWilliamBlake.Theflower,alonedandelionstandingagainstthebrightbluesky,inspiredme.MydadhadbeenrecitingthosewordstomesinceIwasakid.ThatmayevenbethereasonwhyIlovewriting.Idecidedthatthosewordswouldbemygifttomyfather.Icalledback.ItoldmymomtogowithoutmeandthatIalreadycreatedmygift.Isentthephotoofthecream-coloredflowertomycomputerandtypedthepoemontopofit.AsIwasarrangingthedetailsanotherpoemcametomind.ThepoemwaswrittenbyEdgarAllanPoe;mydadreciteditasmuchashedidtheother.Itypedthatoutaswellandsearchedonlineforabackgroundtothewordsofit.Thepoemwasfocusedarounddreaming,andaftersearchingIfoundtheperfectpicture.Theimagewaspaintedwithbluesandgreensandpurples,twistingtogethertocreatethethemeandwonderofadream.AsIwatchedbothpoemspassingthroughtheprinter,thewhitepapercoloringwithwordsthatshapedmychildhood.Ifeltthatthiswasagiftthatmyfatherwouldtrulyappreciate.Christmassoonarrived.TheminuteIsawthelookonmydad'sfaceasheunwrappedthoseswirlingblackletterscarefullyplacedinacheapframe,IknewIhadgiventheperfectgift.56.Theideaforaspecialgiftbegantoformwhentheauthorwas______.A.doingshopping B.havingadebateC.readingamessage D.leavingforWyoming57.Theauthor'sinspirationforthegiftcamefrom_____.A.aphotoofaflower B.astoryaboutakidC.acallfromthemother D.atextaboutChristmas58.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referstoapoemby_____.A.thefather B.theauthorC.WilliamBlake D.EdgarAllanPoe59.Theauthormadethegiftby_____.A.searchingforthepoemsonline B.drawingthebackgroundbyhandC.paintingthelettersinthreecolors D.matchingthewordswithpictures60.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowhowtodesignimagesforgifts. B.Tosuggestmakinggiftsfromone'sheart.C.Toexplainhowcomputershelpcreategifts.D.TodescribethegiftstheauthorhasreceivedB.Stillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak?Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege.King'sArtCentreAdayattheCentrecouldmeanavisittoanexhibitionoftheworkofoneofthemostinterestingcontemporaryartistsonshowanywhere.Thisweekendteestheopeningofanexhibitionoffourlocalartists.Youcouldattendaclassteachingyouhowto'learnfromthemasters'orgetmorecreativewithpaintfreeofcharge.TheCentrealsorunstwolifedrawingclassesforwhichthereisasmallfee.TheBotanicGardenTheGardenhasover8,000plantspecies;itholdstheresearchandteachingcollectionoflivingplantsforCambridgeUniversity.Themulti-branchedTorchAloehereisimpressive.TheAfricanplantproducesredflowersaboveblue-greenleaves,andisnotonetomiss.GettothedisplayhousetoseeDionaeamuscipula,aplantmorecommonlyknownastheVenusFlytrapthatfeedsoninsectsandothersmallanimals.TheGardenisalsoaplaceforwildlife-enthusiasts.Lookforgrasssnakesinthelake.Asnakecalled'HissingSid'isregularlyseenlyingintheheatofthewarmsun.Byron'sPoolManystoriessurroundLordByron'stimeasastudentofCambridgeUniversity,Arrivingin1805,hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceof"messanddrunkenness".However,itseemsasthoughByrondidmanagetopassthetimepleasantlyenough.I'mnotjusttalkingaboutthepetbearhekeptinhisroans.Hespentagreatdealoftimewalkinginthevillage.ItisalsosaidthatonoccasionByronswamnakedbymoonlightinthelake,whichisnowknownasByron'sPool.AcoupleofmilespastGrantchesterinthesouthCambridgeshirecountryside,thepoolissurroundedbybeautifulcircularpathsaroundthefields.Thecriesofinvisiblebirdsmakethetripalovelyexperienceandonthewayhomeyoucandropintothevillageforafternoontea.Ifyoudon'ttrustme,thenperhapsyou’lltakeitfromVirginiaWoolf-overacenturyafterByron,shereportedlytookatriptoswiminthesamepool.61.Asmentionedinthepassage,thereisasmallchargefor_____.A.attendingthemasters'class B.workingwithlocalartistsC.learninglifedrawing D.seeinganexhibition62."TorchAloe"and"VenusFlytrap"are_____.A.commoninsects B.impressiveplantsC.rarely-seensnakes D.wildlife-enthusiasts63.WecaninferfromthepassagethatByronseemed_____.A.tofearpetbears B.tolikewalkingC.tobeaheavydrinker D.tofinishuniversityin180564.InthepassageByron'sPoolisdescribedasalake_____..A.surroundedbyfields B.ownedbyLordByronC.locatedinGrantchester D.discoveredbyVirginiaWoolf65.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Someplacesforweekendbreak B.Awaytobecomecreativeinart.C.Thecolourfullifeinthecountryside. D.UnknownstoriesofCambridgeUniversity.C.Harvardresearchershavecreatedatough,low-cost,biodegradable(可生物降解的)materialinspiredbyinsects'hardoutershells.Thematerial'sinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetoplastic.Thematerial,madefromshrimp('蝦)shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilk,iscalled"shrilk."Itisthin,clear,flexibleandstrong.Amajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.Plastic'stoughnessandflexibilityrepresentedarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand'60s.Decadeslater,however,plastic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforone-timeproductssuchasplasticbags,orshort-livedconsumergoods,usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1,000years?Shrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfill,butitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer(肥料),andsowillenrichthesoil.Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells,insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwet,sothey'reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.They'realsodevelopingsimplerproductionprocesses,whichcouldbeusedfornon-medicalproducts,likeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehome.They'reevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterials,likecarbonfibers,togiveitnewproperties.66.ParagraphIofthepassageismainlyaboutshritk's_____.A.remarkabledesign B.interestingnameC.majorfeatures D.basicelements67.Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutplastic?A.Usingitproperly. B.Producingitcheaply.C.Developingitspropertiesquickly., D.Evaluatingitscontributionsfairly.68.Accordingtotheinventors,shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause_____.A.itcanhelpplasticdegrade B.itcanbefoundinlivingthingsC.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealized D.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinmature69.Whataretheinventorsdoinginthelab?A.Replacingcarbonfiberswithshrilk.B.Testingahrilk'suseinwetconditions.C.Makingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdgoods.D.Improvingshrilk'sflexibilityformedicalpurposes.70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RecentProgressinEnvironmentalProtectionB.BenefitsofInsectsinScientificResearchC.TheHarmofOne-timeProductsD.APossibleAlternativetoPlasticPartIVWriting(45marks)SectionA(10marks)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.FillinthenumberedblanksbyusingtheinformationfromthepassageWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Sincetheearliestcivilizations,peoplehavecontrolledriverstomeetsociety'sdemands.Today,riversarecontrolledformanyreasons,primarilytomaintainreliablewatersuppliesfordaily,agriculturalandindustrialneeds,forpowergeneration,fornavigation(航行),andtopreventflooding.Rivercontrolisachievedbychannelization,atermthatcoversarangeofriverengineeringworks,includingwidening,deepening,straighteningandstabilizationofbanks,andbytheconstructionofdams.AnimportantperiodofchannelizationtookplaceinEuropeduringthel9'thcentury,whenmanylargeriverswerestraightenedandtheirbedsdeepened.OneofthemostdramaticallychangedwastheTiszaRiver,abranchoftheDanubethatflowsthroughHungary.ThecontrollingoftheTisza,designedtoreducefloodingandmakelandforagriculture,includedcuttingoffmorethan100meanders(河曲),shorteningtheriver'slengthbynearly400kilometers.Oneofthemostcommonwaysinwhichpeoplecontrolriversisbydammingthem.Thepast50yearsorsohasseenanincreaseindamconstructionworldwide,andatthebeginningofthe21stcentury,therewereabout800,000damsglobally,sometoweringmorethan200metersinheight.Despitetheirsuccesses,manydamsalsocausesignificantenvironmentalchangesthatproveharmful.Someparticularlydeepreservoirs(水庫)canbringaboutearthquakesduetothestressontheirbottomrockscausedbyhugevolumesofwater.Downstreamofareservoir,theriveriscertainlyinfluencedinmanyways:watervolume,speedandqualityareallaffected,leadingtochangesinthelandscapeandamongplantsandanimals.Title:__71__72Ways__79__:·achievements:800,00damsbuilt·problems:causingharmfulchangesto__80__toTitle:__71__72Ways__79__:·achievements:800,00damsbuilt·problems:causingharmfulchangesto__80__to_73_adequatewaterfor:dailylife,__74__andindustrypowergenerationnavigationtostopriversfrom__75__channelization:·engineeringworks:·widening,__76__andstraighteningrivers·__77__r