配線車電命名絕緣測量BUSELECTRICALINSTAL

配線、車電命名、絕緣測量ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客車電氣裝置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATION主講人牛小偉SpeakerNiuxiaoweiCONTENTS01車體配線Bodywiring02車電裝置位置命名方法Methodoflocationdesignationforvehicleelectricalequipment03車體配線絕緣電阻的測量Measurementofinsulationresistanceofcarbodywiring01車體配線Bodywiring一、車體配線車體配線是客車供電裝置的重要組成部分，它的作用是將供電裝置、用電設(shè)備和控制保護(hù)裝置連接成一個(gè)完善的電氣回路，把電能安全可靠地輸送到用電設(shè)備中去。Thewiringofthecarbodyisanimportantpartofthepowersupplydeviceofthecar.Itsfunctionistoconnectthepowersupplydevice,electricalequipmentandcontrolprotectiondeviceintoaperfectelectricalcircuit,andsendtheelectricenergytotheelectricalequipmentsafelyandreliably.一、車體配線客車車體配線根據(jù)供電方式的不同分為分散式供電系統(tǒng)客車車體配線和集中式供電系統(tǒng)客車車體配線;Busbodywiring,accordingtodifferentpowersupplymethods,isdividedintodecentralizedpowersupplysystemcarbodywiringandcentralizedpowersupplysystembusbodywiring;車上配線即裝在客車地板以上的供電線路，它敷設(shè)在車內(nèi)側(cè)壁或車頂棚的間壁內(nèi)，將電能通過配電盤分送到各用電設(shè)備；Theon-boardwiringisthepowersupplylineinstalledabovethefloorofthecar.Itislaidontheinnerwallofthecarorinthepartitionwalloftheroof,anddistributestheelectricenergytotheelectricalequipmentthroughtheswitchboard;車下配線即設(shè)在地板以下的供電電路，它敷設(shè)在貫穿車底的電線管內(nèi)，通過分線盒和電氣連接器溝通車輛間的電力系統(tǒng)。Theoff-boardwiringreferstothepowersupplycircuitunderthefloor.Itislaidinthewiretubethatrunsthroughthebottomofthecar,andcommunicateswiththepowersystembetweencarsthroughjunctionboxesandelectricalconnectors.按車體配線在車輛中所在的部位分為車上配線和車下配線兩個(gè)部分。Accordingtothelocationofthecarbodywiringinthecar,itisdividedintotwoparts:on-boardwiringandoff-boardwiring.電力配線廣播配線按用途可以分為和兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)；Accordingtothepurpose,itcanbedividedintotwosystems:powerwiringandbroadcastingwiring;一、車體配線02車電裝置位置命名方法Methodoflocationdesignationforvehicleelectricalequipment二、車電裝置位置命名方法鐵路車輛為了便于檢修，對于車輛及其配件都規(guī)定了一定的方位。Inordertofacilitatemaintenanceofrailwaycars,acertainorientationisstipulatedforthecarsandtheiraccessories.車輛的方位分為1位和2位。Theorientationofthecarisdividedintoposition1andposition2.配件則根據(jù)車輛方位再按同類配件的前后左右進(jìn)行分位。Theaccessoriesareclassifiedaccordingtothecarorientationandthenaccordingtothefront,rear,left,andrightofsimilaraccessories.二、車電裝置位置命名方法如頂燈、頂扇、床燈及通過臺燈，應(yīng)自1位車端順次數(shù)到2位車端，稱之為第幾位某某機(jī)具，如圖（a）。Suchasceilinglights,ceilingfans,bedlightsandpassingtablelamps,theyshouldbecountedfromno.1endofcartono.2endofcar,isreferredasno.1/no.2Xelectricequipment.沿車體長度方向單行排車電裝置。Arrangedinasinglerowalongthelengthofthecarbody1二、車電裝置位置命名方法沿車體長度左右對稱排列或雖不對稱但數(shù)量較少的Arrangedsymmetricallyalongthelengthofthecarbodyorasymmetricallybutinsmallnumber2如壁燈、壁扇、識別燈、電力連接器、播音連接器、廁所燈及側(cè)燈插座等，Suchaswalllights,wallfans,identificationlights,electricalconnectors,broadcastconnectors,toiletlightsandsidelightsockets,etc.,可站于2位車端面向1位車端，自1位車端右側(cè)開始，交替數(shù)到2位車端，稱為幾位某某機(jī)具，如圖（b）。Itcanbeplacedatno.2endofcarsfacingno.1endofcar,countsfromtherightsideendofcaralternatelytono.2endofcars,isreferredasno.1/no.2Xelectricequipment.二、車電裝置位置命名方法關(guān)于蓄電池及分線盒Forthestoragebatteryandthejunctionbox3應(yīng)按第2條判斷左右的方法，稱右側(cè)為1位側(cè)，左側(cè)為2位側(cè)。每側(cè)分別由1位端數(shù)到2位端，稱之為幾位側(cè)第幾位某某機(jī)具,如圖（c）。Themethodstojudgetheleftandrightshouldbeaccordingtopoint2,andtherightsideiscalledtheno.1positionside,andtheleftsideistheno.2positionside.Eachsideisnumberedfromno.1endtono.2endrespectively,isreferredasno.1/no.2positionsideno.1/2Xelectricequipment.總之，除蓄電池和分線盒外，數(shù)量在2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上的車電機(jī)具，可以站于二位車端面向一位車端，由近及遠(yuǎn)，由右到左順序定位。Inshort,exceptforthebatteryandthejunctionbox,thequantityof2orabove2carelectricalappliancescanbepositionedattheno.2endofcarsfacingtheno.1endofcar,fromfartonear,andfromrighttoleft.對于數(shù)量僅有一個(gè)的車墊幾句可直呼其名。Forquantityofononlyonecarelectrictoolcanbecalledbyitsnamedirectly.03車體配線絕緣電阻的測量Measurementofinsulationresistanceofcarbodywiring三、車體配線絕緣電阻的測量常用的有導(dǎo)線接地（又稱打火法）、燈泡接地（又稱亮燈法），Thecommonlyusedarewiregrounding(alsoknownasignitionmethod)andbulbgrounding(alsoknownaslightingmethod)但這兩種方法只能粗略地判斷漏電程度，不能準(zhǔn)確地反映絕緣電阻值的大小。Butthesetwomethodscanonlyroughlyjudgethedegreeofleakage,andcannotaccuratelyreflectthesizeoftheinsulationresistancevalue.車體配線絕緣的檢測方法Thedetectionmethodsforthewiringinsulationofthecarbody三、車體配線絕緣電阻的測量測量前要先對兆歐表進(jìn)行開路和短路校驗(yàn)以檢查兆歐表是否正常，先將兩表筆開路，搖動手柄，指針應(yīng)指在無窮大處；Beforemeasuring,themegohmmetershouldbecheckedforopencircuitandshortcircuittomakesurethemegohmmeterisnormal.Firstopenthetwotestleads,shakethehandle,thepointershouldpointatinfinity;再將兩表筆短接，搖動手柄，指針應(yīng)指在0處，搖動手柄時(shí)應(yīng)由慢漸快將速度穩(wěn)定在120r/min，待表針穩(wěn)定后讀取絕緣值。Thenshortcontactthetwotestleads,shakethehandle,thepointershouldbepointat0.Whenshakingthehandle,thespeedshouldbefromslowtofastandstabilizedat120r/min,andtheinsulationvalueshouldbereadafterthehandsofthewatcharestable.校驗(yàn)完就可以進(jìn)行測量了，測量時(shí)兆歐表應(yīng)置于水平位置，將兩表筆可靠接觸被測端，搖動手柄測出被測端的絕緣值。Afterthecalibration,themeasurementcanbecarriedout.Duringthemeasurement,themegohmmetershouldbeplacedinahorizontalposition,putthetwotestleadsinreliablecontactwiththetestedend,andtheinsulationvalueofthetestedendcanbemeasuredbysha