2018年高考英語(yǔ)試卷（北京）（機(jī)考 無(wú)聽(tīng)力）（解析卷）

第頁(yè)|共頁(yè)2018年北京市高考英語(yǔ)試卷參考答案第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A9.D 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.D第二節(jié)完形填空16.C 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.D 24.A 25.C26.A 27.B 28.D 29.A 30.D 31.B 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.C第二部分閱讀理解36.C 37.C 38.A 39.B 40.A 41.D 42.B 43.C 44.B 45.D46.C 47.A 48.D 49.A 50.B 51.F 52.G 53.E 54.A 55.D第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）DearJim,I’msogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.FirstIwouldliketoexpressmywarmestwelcometoyouandIamsureyouwillhavethemostunforgettableexperienceduringyourcollegeinBeijing.LearningyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,IsuggestyouapplyforPekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyouwhereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandrichculture.Asforpreparation,somereadinginadvanceinneededlikeTheStoryoftheStonewhilesomeonlinecoursesofspokenChinesecanbehelpfulforyoutoadaptintotheChineselanguageenvironment.Isincerelyhopeyourdreamwillcometrueandit’smypleasuretoshowyouaroundinBeijingwhenthatdaycomes.Ifyouhavefurtherquestions,pleasefeelfreetoletmeknow.Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（20分）Lastweek,wetooktheforeignstudentsinourschooltoexperiencetheauthenticteaculture,whichturnedoutbetoextremelyrewarding.Onarrivingattheteahouse,theforeignstudentswereimpressedbytheuniqueteapotsandteacups.Igavethemavividandinformativeintroductionofteaculture,includingitsprofoundhistory,itsrichvariety,andtheexquisitecraftsmanshipofmakingteawiththeirinterestgreatlysparked,Ithenbegantoteachthemhowtomaketea.Inordertodeliveraclearpresentation,Islowlyexplainedthetraditionalprocedureofmakingteaindetail.Absorbedineverymoveofmine,theforeignstudentswereonceagainamazedbythisuniquecultureandtheycouldn’thelptakingpicturesfromtimetotime.NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.Washingtheteapots,addingtealeaves,andpouringwaterintothecups,theyfollowedmyinstructionsandwerereallyimmersedincharmingteaculture.Theteahousewitnessedareallyenjoyabletimeforallofus.Attheendoftheactivity,holdingtheteabagsinourhands,wetookapicturetomemorizetheunforgettableday.Itsuddenlyhitmethattraditionalcultureliketeaculturewasofgreatcharmandhugevalue.AndIswelledwithpridetospreadourownculturetopeopleallovertheworld.2018年北京市高考英語(yǔ)試卷（考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）參考答案與試題解析第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain._________,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smore B.That’stosayC.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot答案是D.1.—Hi,I’mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven’tseenyouaround?—Hello,Peter.I’mBob.Ijust_________onMonday.A.start B.havestarted C.started D.hadstarted【考點(diǎn)】E2：一般過(guò)去時(shí)．【分析】—嗨，我是皮特．你是新來(lái)的嗎？我之前沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)你．—嗨，皮特，我是鮑勃．我星期一剛來(lái)的．【解答】答案：C．本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)．根據(jù)對(duì)話，可知鮑勃之前確實(shí)不在這個(gè)地方上班，再結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just，說(shuō)明他是星期一剛剛來(lái)上班的，應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表明他的到來(lái)發(fā)生在過(guò)去．故選：C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)．解答該類試題主要觀察題干中的對(duì)話或者是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或者是隱含信息，表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作即為正確答案．2._________wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.Although B.While C.If D.Until【考點(diǎn)】92：從屬連詞．【分析】如果我們不能阻止氣候變化，世界上的許多動(dòng)植物就會(huì)消失．【解答】考查從屬連詞的用法．a(chǎn)lthough"盡管，雖然"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句．while表示"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；意為"盡管、雖然"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句．if"如果"，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句．until"直到"，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句．分析可知前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的"條件"關(guān)系．句意：如果我們不能阻止氣候變化，世界上的許多動(dòng)植物就會(huì)消失．故選：C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查從屬連詞的用法．連詞的用法辨析，要注意分析主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再確定相應(yīng)的連詞，同時(shí)注意不同的連詞的語(yǔ)義及用法區(qū)別．3._________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceA.Travel B.Traveling C.Havingtraveled D.Traveled 【考點(diǎn)】B6：動(dòng)名詞．【分析】沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一種有趣而且有益的經(jīng)歷．【解答】考查動(dòng)名詞．分析可知"__alongtheoldSilkRoad"在句中做主語(yǔ)，句子主干是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)．travel是動(dòng)詞原形，不能在句中做主語(yǔ)，可排除A；havingdone是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，它表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，并且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，常常作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，可排除C．done是過(guò)去分詞，在句中通常做定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，不能夠在句中做主語(yǔ)．無(wú)論作狀語(yǔ)或作定語(yǔ)，都表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，也可以表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作．可排除D．故選：B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，但是不能作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)．動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單三形式動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，在動(dòng)詞的基礎(chǔ)上加ing，使該動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，有名詞的各種特征，可作名詞靈活使用．如：Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk．覆水難收Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus．勸說(shuō)這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間．Itwashardgettingonthecrowdedstreetcar．上這種擁擠的車真難．Itisfunplayingwithchildren．和孩子們一起玩真好．Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters．對(duì)這種事情不是開(kāi)玩笑．4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband_________asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworking B.wasworking C.hasworked D.hadworked【考點(diǎn)】E5：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)．【分析】當(dāng)我去年去看Susan的時(shí)候，她以及辭去了她的高薪工作在當(dāng)?shù)刈銎鹆酥驹刚吖ぷ鳎窘獯稹看鸢福築．本題考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，即某一動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生．根據(jù)句意，去年"我"去拜訪Susan的時(shí)候她已經(jīng)辭去了高薪職業(yè)，正在附件社區(qū)從事著志愿者工作，使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：wasdoingsth．故選：B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，解答該類試題應(yīng)注意分析句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，即可選出正確答案．5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A.which B.who C.as D.that 【考點(diǎn)】59：關(guān)系代詞；H2：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句．【分析】她和她的家人都是騎自行車去上班，這使得他們能保持健康．【解答】本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句．本復(fù)合句中，主句為Sheandherfamilybicycletowork，而非限制定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槭欠窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句，故不能使用that，關(guān)系代詞who是用來(lái)替代人，在此不符合句意；as可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但是常位于句首．which在從句中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，替代前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，即：每天和家人騎車上班的行為能促使他們保持身體健康．故選：A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句．解答該類試題一定要分析題干，分析句子成分再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行答案的選擇．6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.share B.toshare C.havingshared D.shared【考點(diǎn)】BA：不定式．【分析】在中秋節(jié)期間，家庭成員時(shí)常聚在一起吃飯，欣賞月亮和享受月餅．【解答】考查動(dòng)詞不定式．此處用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)．故選B項(xiàng)．其它三項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境．故選：B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)，動(dòng)詞ing形式的一種，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非限定動(dòng)詞．它可以支配賓語(yǔ)，也能被副詞修飾．動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化．另一方面動(dòng)名詞在句子的用法及功能與名詞類同：在句子可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)．它也可以被副詞修飾或者用來(lái)支配賓語(yǔ)．7.China’shigh-speedrailways_________from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowing B.havegrown C.willgrow D.hadgrown【考點(diǎn)】E8：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)．【分析】在過(guò)去的幾年中國(guó)的高速公路已經(jīng)從9000公里發(fā)展到25000公里．【解答】句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是"inthepastfewyears"，這類的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，句子一般都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)．故選：B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：since…，for+段時(shí)間，inthepastfewyears/weeks等．8.Inanyunsafesituation,simply_________thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.press B.topress C.pressing D.pressed【考點(diǎn)】G9：祈使句．【分析】在任何不安全的情況下，只要按下按鈕，訓(xùn)練有素的助理就會(huì)讓你得到需要的幫助．【解答】考查祈使句．分析句子可知，此處考查的是祈使句+and/or+簡(jiǎn)單句，根據(jù)句意可知，此處使用動(dòng)詞原形press．故選：A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】對(duì)于這種類型的題目需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確答案，需要考生多積累和總結(jié)．9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________inthemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrapping B.havebeentrapped C.weretrapping D.hadbeentrapped【考點(diǎn)】F5：過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)．【分析】一名救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救了兩個(gè)被困在山上兩天的游客．【解答】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)．根據(jù)句中risked可知，事情是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，游客被困是發(fā)生在"冒險(xiǎn)救援"之前，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，trap為及物動(dòng)詞，游客是被困的，應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)．故選：D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】對(duì)于這種類型的題目需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確答案，需要考生多積累和總結(jié)．10.Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.use【考點(diǎn)】BB：過(guò)去分詞．【分析】普通的肥皂恰當(dāng)?shù)乇皇褂媚苡行У厍謇砑?xì)菌．【解答】本句中兩個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對(duì)"ordinarysoap"作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，肥皂和使用是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞used．故選：A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查分詞形式主要看改動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，一般用過(guò)去分詞形式表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系．11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________wearenow.A.how B.when C.where D.why【考點(diǎn)】79：連接副詞；HD：表語(yǔ)從句．【分析】沒(méi)有他的支持，我們就不會(huì)到我們現(xiàn)在的這個(gè)位置．【解答】考查表語(yǔ)從句．分析句子可知，be動(dòng)詞的后面應(yīng)該是表語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意：沒(méi)有他的支持，我們就不會(huì)到我們現(xiàn)在的這個(gè)位置，可知應(yīng)該使用where"在哪里"，而how"如何"，when"何時(shí)"，why"為什么"，不符合句意．故選：C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】對(duì)于這種類型的題目需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確答案，需要考生多積累和總結(jié)．12.Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must【考點(diǎn)】A6：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞．【分析】在當(dāng)今的信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失可能會(huì)給公司帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題．【解答】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞．need需要；should應(yīng)該；can能；能夠；（表示可能性）可能，可能會(huì)；must必須．句意：在當(dāng)今的信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失可能會(huì)給公司帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題．故選：C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，所以在做題時(shí)應(yīng)該把握好說(shuō)話人的情感態(tài)度．13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven【考點(diǎn)】GJ：虛擬語(yǔ)氣．【分析】如果他們?cè)俣嚅_(kāi)幾公里，他們可能會(huì)找到一家更好的旅館．【解答】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣．在if條件句中，虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)即：had+過(guò)去分詞，主句用would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞．本題中主句中使用了mighthavedone，因此，從句中應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)．故選：D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣．if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句是高考考試的重要考察點(diǎn)．應(yīng)對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣題目時(shí)，我們需要記住一個(gè)公式：語(yǔ)法+語(yǔ)境=正確答案．語(yǔ)法就是指上述各種虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法，需要考生牢牢把握這些虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；語(yǔ)境即說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)意、情感、態(tài)度等．實(shí)際上，目前高考中的大多數(shù)語(yǔ)法單項(xiàng)填空題都不是純粹的考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，必須把語(yǔ)法或慣用法與語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)才能得出正確答案．因此我們應(yīng)遵循這個(gè)解題模式．14.—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment_________nextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at【考點(diǎn)】8C：介詞．【分析】﹣早上好，李先生的辦公室．﹣早上好．我想為下星期三下午安排一次約會(huì)．【解答】答案：A，考查介詞用法辨析．結(jié)合句意"為下星期三下午安排一次約會(huì)"可知，即makeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon．同學(xué)易錯(cuò)選為on，以為在某天下午應(yīng)用介詞on，但句意并非在下周三下午才做預(yù)約，而是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在就約，把時(shí)間約在周三下午．故用介詞for．故選：A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本道介詞題難度相對(duì)較大，命題者鋪設(shè)了陷阱，乍看之下極其容易，仔細(xì)思量其實(shí)另有玄機(jī)．所以考生在備考時(shí)，要注意靈活應(yīng)用，而不是死記硬背．15.Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what【考點(diǎn)】58：連接代詞；HD：表語(yǔ)從句．【分析】這就是我父親教給我的﹣﹣直面困難，做最好的希望．【解答】考查表語(yǔ)從句．分析句子可知，is后面的從句為表語(yǔ)從句，由于teach之后需要跟雙賓語(yǔ)，即teachsb.sth.可知，缺少teach的直接賓語(yǔ)，需要使用充當(dāng)句子成分的what．故選：D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】對(duì)于這種類型的題目需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確答案，需要考生多積累和總結(jié)．第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource（來(lái)源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto21itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas24.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis25.Mr.Andersonsaid:“Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers28.It’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere.”Mr.Smith’sact30muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shadjob34andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort17.A.still B.even C.ever D.once18.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel19.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman20.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached21.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe22.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing23.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked24.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen25.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement26.A.when B.if C.where D.because27.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just28.A.too B.though C.again D.instead29.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous30.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew31.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard32.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn33.A.of B.at C.for D.in34.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications35.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge【考點(diǎn)】M1：人物故事．【分析】本文為記敘文，講述了一位流浪漢拾金不昧的故事．某雨天，流浪漢看到一輛未關(guān)車窗的車內(nèi)放有錢包，怕錢包被盜，在雨中等待車主兩小時(shí)．苦等無(wú)果，便拿著錢包去警局尋失主．車主獲知事件經(jīng)過(guò)，將經(jīng)歷分享到臉書(shū)（Facebook），為該地區(qū)流浪漢籌錢，最后流浪漢得到了許多工作機(jī)會(huì)．【解答】16﹣20CBACD21﹣25ABDAC26﹣30ABDAD31﹣35BBCCC16．C．考查動(dòng)詞辨析．根據(jù)下文"ifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney."可知，如果你沒(méi)有食物和錢，生活在大街上，這種渴望更強(qiáng)烈．urge渴望．17．B．考查副詞辨析．根據(jù)上文AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith可知，所有這些使無(wú)家可歸的TomSmith的行為甚至更加顯著的．even甚至，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系．18．A．考查名詞辨析．根據(jù)上文findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400可知，他在打開(kāi)窗戶的停放的汽車前坐上看見(jiàn)一只錢包（wallet）．19．C．考查名詞辨析．根據(jù)上文waitingfor可知，他在雨中等待主人回來(lái)．owner主人．20．D．考查動(dòng)詞辨析．根據(jù)下文pulledthewalletout可知，在又冷又濕的地方等了幾小時(shí)后，他把手伸進(jìn)去，拿出錢包，reached到達(dá)．21．A．考查動(dòng)詞辨析．根據(jù)上文pulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeID可知，他發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包里面有400美元的鈔票，discover發(fā)現(xiàn)．22．B．考查動(dòng)詞辨析．根據(jù)下文anotebehind可知，他留下一張字條．leavebehind留下．23．D．考查形容詞．根據(jù)空后的tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit可知，他們很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)警察站在車旁邊．shocked驚訝的．24．A．考查形容詞．根據(jù)上文itwassafe可知，警察告訴車主，錢包是安全的．safe安全的．25．C．考查名詞．根據(jù)上文ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr．Smith可知，兩個(gè)人感謝史密斯先生的善舉．kindness善舉．26．A．考查連詞．根據(jù)句意：想想今晚住在街上，然而他本可以偷了錢，為一個(gè)住宿的地方付錢．表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用when引導(dǎo)．27．B．考查副詞．Thisguyhasnothing和下文的hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用yet然而．28．D．考查副詞．句意：相反地，他想到其他人．instead相反地．29．A．考查形容詞．根據(jù)上文hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers可知，史密斯先生是誠(chéng)實(shí)的．honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的．30．D．考查動(dòng)詞．由空后的muchofthepublic'sattention可知，史密斯先生的行為吸引了很多關(guān)注，drew吸引．31．B．考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)下文Healsowonpraisefromsocialmediausers可知，在安德森在臉書(shū)上發(fā)布這個(gè)善舉后，贏得媒體用戶的贊揚(yáng)，posted發(fā)布．32．B．考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)空后的moneyforMr.Smith可知，安德魯先生發(fā)起網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)為史密斯先生和其他無(wú)家可歸的人募集資金，raise募集．33．C．考查介詞．和上文的showfaith搭配用for，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)對(duì)某人表示信任．34．C．考查名詞．根據(jù)上文he'shadjob可知，他有工作機(jī)會(huì)，offer提供的機(jī)會(huì)．35．C．考查名詞．根據(jù)上文Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet可知，對(duì)史密斯先生這是一個(gè)改變生活的機(jī)會(huì)，chance機(jī)會(huì)．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題為人物故事類完形填空，首先要通讀全文，掌握大意，然后仔細(xì)閱讀，分析每句話的含義和上下文的關(guān)聯(lián)，結(jié)合每道題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義找出最貼切的選項(xiàng)．第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋帶)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.36.

A

month

before

the

marathon,

the

author____________.A.

was

well

trained B.

felt

scaredC.

made

up

his

mind

to

run D.

lost

hope37.

Why

did

the

author

mention

the

P.E.

class

in

his

7th

year?A.

To

acknowledge

the

support

of

his

teacher.B.

To

amuse

the

readers

with

a

funny

story.C.

To

show

he

was

not

talented

in

sports.D.

To

share

a

precious

memory.38.

How

was

the

author’s

first

marathon?A.

He

made

it. B.

He

quit

halfway.C.

He

got

the

first

prize. D.

He

walked

to

the

end.39.

What

does

the

story

mainly

tell

us?A.

A

man

owes

his

success

to

his

family

support.B.

A

winner

is

one

with

a

great

effort

of

will.C.

Failure

is

the

mother

of

success.D.

One

is

never

too

old

to

learn.【考點(diǎn)】O1：人物故事類．【分析】短文大意：本文主要講了作者在參加馬拉松之前腳踝受傷，但仍然決心繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練，作者回想起了七年級(jí)時(shí)的一次經(jīng)歷，體育老師認(rèn)為他不適合運(yùn)動(dòng)，然而作者認(rèn)為跑步是對(duì)自己的一種較量，而不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或者是否是運(yùn)動(dòng)的．這是關(guān)于自己的身體和思想的一場(chǎng)考驗(yàn)，最終作者跑完了馬拉松并得到了一枚獎(jiǎng)牌，這告訴我們決心成為自己，向前邁進(jìn)，擺脫羞恥和世俗標(biāo)簽，就會(huì)成功．【解答】36-39CCAB36．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段"Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead"可知，作者在馬拉松前一個(gè)月盡管腳踝受傷，但是仍然下定決心繼續(xù)跑步，由此可知答案選C．37．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)上下文"Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”"可以推出作者沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)天賦，因此答案選C．38．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的"Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!"可知作者最終跑完了馬拉松，由此可知答案選A．39．B．主旨大意題．根據(jù)最后一段中的"Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽）"以及通過(guò)整體分析可知本文主要講了作者在參加馬拉松之前腳踝受傷，但仍然決心繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練，作者認(rèn)為跑步是對(duì)自己的一種較量，而不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或者是否是運(yùn)動(dòng)的．這是關(guān)于自己的身體和思想的一場(chǎng)考驗(yàn)，最終作者跑完了馬拉松并得到了一枚獎(jiǎng)牌，這告訴我們決心成為自己，向前邁進(jìn)，擺脫羞恥和世俗標(biāo)簽，就會(huì)成功，由此可知答案選B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查人物故事類閱讀理解．這類題材是高考?？嫉膬?nèi)容，主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的把握以及細(xì)節(jié)的理解，做題時(shí)要結(jié)合題干及上下文做出合理推理確定答案．BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(榮譽(yù)徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模擬)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(駕駛艙)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof“downed”pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership. B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning. D.Survivalskills.【考點(diǎn)】O3：廣告布告類閱讀．【分析】本文屬于廣告類閱讀，作者通過(guò)這篇文章向我們介紹了個(gè)獨(dú)特的冒險(xiǎn)SAC，在這里受訓(xùn)者可以通過(guò)建造和發(fā)射模型火箭來(lái)獲得他們的太空探索徽章．【解答】40-42ADB40．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一段Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter（SAC）istheplacetobe.可知人們來(lái)到SAC是為了體驗(yàn)一個(gè)獨(dú)特的冒險(xiǎn)，故選A．41．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第三段Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges（榮譽(yù)徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模擬）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.可知受訓(xùn)者可以通過(guò)建造和發(fā)射模型火箭來(lái)獲得他們的太空探索徽章，故選D．42．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.在所有的項(xiàng)目中，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作是關(guān)鍵，故選B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文淺顯易懂，各個(gè)小題都能在文中找到適當(dāng)依據(jù)．只要認(rèn)真閱讀短文，注意前后聯(lián)系，就能順利完成閱讀．文章所設(shè)試題主要考察細(xì)節(jié)查找，做題關(guān)鍵是找出原文的根據(jù)，認(rèn)真核查小題和原文的異同．CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains,“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【考點(diǎn)】O5：科教類閱讀．【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是我們?nèi)祟惷磕陼?huì)生產(chǎn)大量的塑料，大多被掩埋在垃圾場(chǎng)，對(duì)海洋造成嚴(yán)重污染，至今還沒(méi)有有效方法解決，但是一項(xiàng)新的研究表明大蠟蛾的蠕蟲(chóng)可以分解塑料．【解答】43-46CBDC43．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第二段中的"ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams"可知，大蠟蛾的蠕蟲(chóng)可以消耗分解大量的塑料，因此答案選C．44．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的"Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（腸道微生物）?"可知，下一步將是確定分解的原因．它是由蠕蟲(chóng)本身或腸道微生物產(chǎn)生的酶發(fā)揮的作用，由此可知答案選B．45．D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章最后一段中的"Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess﹣notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic"可以推斷出這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來(lái)會(huì)在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用，由此可知答案選D．46．C．寫(xiě)作目的題．通過(guò)整體內(nèi)容可知這篇文章主要講了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于蠕蟲(chóng)可以分解塑料的方法的研究，由此可知答案選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查科教類閱讀理解．這類題材是高考?？嫉膬?nèi)容，主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的把握以及細(xì)節(jié)的理解，做題時(shí)要結(jié)合題干及上下文做出合理推理確定答案．DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫車)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnol