英美概況教案

LectureOne

TheCountryandPeople(I)

Thefocusofteaching:theCountry

Teachingaim:letthestudentsknowthegeneralknowledgeofBritish

geographyandnaturalresources.

Teachingstyle:instructionandgroupdiscussion.

Teachingprocedure:

A.warming-upexercises

B.GeneralintroductiontoGreatBritainanditsnaturalconditionsby

PowerPoint;

C.Discussionontheassignment;

D.Assignmentoninformation-gathering

A.warming-upexercises

a.Geographicalnames:theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.

b.Officialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

c.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain(thelargerone)and

Ireland,andhundredsofsmallones.

d,BritishIsles

e.Britain

f.GreatBritain

LectureOneTheCountryandPeople(I)

ShetlandOrkney0igokm

一I

IslandsislandscKirkwellQ

100mi

Stornoway.Thurso

Lerwick,

Inverness

qAochNessuAberdeen

①Scotland

DundeeNorth

North工

cSt.Andrews

AtlanticGlasgowo?Edinburgh

iweedZSea

Ocean*yr/n

c/,ev/otH,7,\Newcastle

Londonderry

Carlisle。Durham

?Belfast

GreatBritain?Scarborough

?Leeds

Shannon/^lriS

HOlVheadocManchester

，

DublinoM0y2eaaLiverpoolTmrrR.I

England.9Nottingham

Ireland

Birmingfiam?oLeicester

?Northampto

'*2H.-SevernR.&

Waterford?Cambridge

Gloucesteroxford

Cork?

St.George'sWales■L用

Thahes、亂八、

CardiffooLondon

ChanneloBath

Canterbury

51°?StonehengeCalais

6dExeter

c

PlymouthDorchester

St.Ives'

oEnglishChannel

LandsEnd3。0。F⑶s

TheCountry

I.TheLocation

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandissituatedinWesternEurope

andisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDoverand

theEnglishChannel.ItliesbetweentheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea.Tothe

westofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.Itisaninsular(海島

的、島國的)country.Itisoneofthecountrieswithlongestcoastline.Itscoastlineruns

12,429km.TheneighboringcountriesofBritainincludeFrance,Holland,Germany,

Denmark,Norway,Belgium,theIrishRepublic,andtheIceland(8countries).The

mainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes(緯度)49°Nand59°N(theShetlandIslandsreachto

nearly61°N),andlongitudes(經(jīng)度)8°Wto2°E.TheStraitsofDoverbetweenFrance

andEnglandisquitenarrowanditis33kmacross*In1985theBritishgovernmentand

theFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnelundertheStraitsofDoverso

thatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.Thischanneltunnelwas

openedtotrafficinMay1994aftereightyearshardwork.

II.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.

Englandisdividedintoninegovernmentalregions.

1)England

?EM

Englanderwic.k-upori-

eed

(U.K.)L

SCQILAND(Newcastle

?uponTyne

應(yīng)rhdm

r*MTH^Iesbroijgh

54°N

(if)Blackpool,Leod\?

Manchester.J-?Brad

LiverpoolBoyC、?Skefflefd

Irish

SeaStok^on-NlirKortn

ATLANTICnt

m,.F常建m

OCEAN?Leicester

??CovenGf^o

.Ouse

Strato

von：Cambri

OxfordI

▲Bath

bfistolChannc

srNPSalisburyeWinchestpr

CelticSeae

BarnstapJ9?---------

,FxPter<

50Miles

Ncwqudy兀iIsleof

SOKilometersWight

Penzanc

Start

1Md'*ndEnglishChinuiel

丸9

-9-?-￡W--3w0。

EnglandoccupiesthesouthernpartofGreatBritainandisimportantpartoftheKingdom

inwealth,size,andpopulation.Ithasanareaofmorethan130,000squarekilometersand

ittakesupnearly60%ofthewholeisland.Thewestandsouthwestisaplateau,with

rollingplain,downsandmoors.Thewestcoastisdeeplyindented.Theysupplymany

splendidharborsforships.Thesouthcoastisfairlystraight,alineoflowcliffsbackedby

rollingdown.LondonisCapitalofEnglandandBritain.LondonistheCapitalof

Britain

AstheUKwasgreatlyinfluencedbydifferentinvaders,ithasvariousstylesinbuilding,

languageandfood.InsomesmalltownsfirstbuiltbytheRomans,youwillfindsome

historicalattractions,whereyoucanlearnsomethingaboutBritishculture.Londonisthe

greatesthistoricaltreasureofallthecities.Therearevariousmuseums,artcollections,

theatres,andbuildingsthere.

2)Scotland

Wrath

lileoflewii

Shetland

Islands

Outer

HebridesMorayFoul。。

firthKinnaird

N.Uist一一一一-d'god

inrhaserburqh

"I,

j/PeterheadOrkney

Isldnds

berdeenWeitroyit

ontrose乂1J^Uirkwdll

ruiee

BerthtAndrews

Colons。％JfirthQfForth

ALLANHCJ：

。入JasgpS50Kih

OCEAN/

QImant)

Campbefto^?；Merrickif.:*NcV/lowtlStBoswells

off

律/1NorthS

/\OR1HERXIScran

/IREIAYiD

K

，U(u,*ENGLAND

WKPQUE.J?(U.K.)?

ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Itretaineditsownparliamentuntil1707,when,

bytheActofUnion,ScotlandandtheKingdomofEnglandandWaleswere

constitutionallyjoinedastheKingdomofGreatBritain.

InScotlandtherearethreenaturalzones:TheHighlandsinthenorth,thecentral

LowlandsandthesouthernUplands.Scotlandhasanareaof78,760squarekilometers,

lesslhan30%ofthewholeisland,withapopulationofmorethan5million?lessthan

one-tenthofthetotalpopulation.Ithasagoodnumberofmountainsandislands.

Thereare800islandswhichcontainHebrides,ShetlandandOrkneyislands.

EdinburghisthecapitalofScotland.

3)Wales

Liverpool

HolyheddJ4n^

，Conwy,

nqorMold

nowdon

IRELANDStraitexham

Irish

Barmouth葉

Cardiganelshpo

\j￡

f

Hayown

Aberystwyth.*

StDavid's10、Carmarthen

Milford

Pembit

Newport

*albot\.

BridgeriU^

CelticSeaBristolChannel

WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain,hhasanareaof20,761squarekilometers,lessthan

9%ofthewholeislandwhileitspopulation,about2.7million,doesnotexceed5%ofthe

whole.MostofWalesismountainous.Thehillsrisesteeplyfromtheseaandratherflat

ontop.6%ofWalesiscoveredwithforestandmuchofthecountryispasturelandfbr

sheepandcattle.WalesunitedEnglandin14thcentury.ThecapitalofWalesisCardiff.

4)NorthernIreland

?MAPQUWT.［廣」1IL1a

Northernlr<

Malin(UK)

ATLANTICHead

OCEANGiant'sfiothfinLr,n

Causeway

Bahyea5de

Larne

mena

Straba

ATHTHTJF平>r「ick帕rgus

NfewTow0abbeyf>---1190r

(ownards

Donegal

rangford

Portadown

fnnh^illenangford

(Newcastle

ifleveDonord

2,796ft

(852m)

IRELAND20Miles

020Kilometers

NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.IttakesupthenorthernfifthofIreland.It

hasanareaof14,147squarekilometers,populationofoneandahalfmillion,about

one-thirdofthemareRomanCatholics.Itismadeupofsixcountiesthatconsistoffertile,

drumlin［vdrAmlin］鼓丘countrysurroundingLoughNeagh.Belfastisthecapitalof

NorthernIreland.

5）Ireland

Ireland]

MaliiaHea

NORI1

IREL；

0SOMiles

050Kilometer，DonegalBayLLSitR

ErrisHead

AchillIsland曰avanndalk

Ca

CONNAVGHrbghed

common.1

kdAthlon。LUNSIIRq

?Tullamorp

llinasloiUMaas,

AILANIICOCEANAronhlandiePo>llaoisR

LoopHead

,Clonm

extord

%ngarvan

DurseyHead八Celtic

CapeCkof

Theother26Irishcountiesobtainedautonomyin1921.Irish,oftencalledErse[o:s]

愛爾蘭,isaformofGaelic.BenNevis（本尼維斯山）isthehighestmountaininBritain

（1,343m）,Snowdonia（斯諾多尼亞）isthehighestmountaininWales,（1,085m）

III.ClimateandWeather

BritainisanislandcountryandthesurroundingseagivesEnglandavariedclimate.

Peopleneverknowwhattheweatherwillbelikefromonedaytotheother.Itcanbe

sunnyonedayandrainythenext.AsBritainhassuchavariableclimatechangingfrom

fromdaytoday,itisdifficulttopredicttheweather.Changeableandunpredictableare

thetwowordsthatcometomindwhenspeakingofitsclimate.Britainhasa

maritime[rm2eritaim]（海洋）climate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoo

hot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevaries

withinasmallrange.

Britainisinthetemperateclimatezoneanddoesnothaveextremesoftemperatureor

rainfall.TheGulfStream,alargeAtlanticOceancurrentofwarmwaterfromtheGulfof

Mexico,keepswintersquitemildwhilstduringsummertime,warmbutnotexcessively

hottemperaturesareexperienced.

ThefactorsinfluencetheclimateinBritain:

a)Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatinguptheland

inwinterandcoolingitoffinsummer;

b)Theprevailingsouth-westwindsortheWesterliesblowoverthecountryalltheyear

roundbringingwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepingthetemperaturesmoderate;

c)TheNorthAtlanticDriftpassesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.

Theislandissmallcomparedwiththeotherlandmassesinthenorthernhemisphere-

henceBritainismoreinfluencedbytheoceancomparedwithotherEuropeancountries,

andtheGulfStream(墨西哥灣流)(awarmcurrentofthenorthernAtlanticOcean)

helpstokeepwintersmildercomparedwithotherlandlockednationswithasimilar

latitude.

PrecipitationalsovariesthroughoutBritain.WesternBritain,particularlythepartson

higherground,receivesconsiderablerainfall.Mostofthisisfrontalrainfallbutthereis

alsoreliefrainfallduetothemountainssuchastheLakeDistrictandtheWelsh

Mountains.PartsofScotlandcanreceiveover250cmor100inchesofprecipitationper

year.EasternBritain,particularlysoutheasternparts,receivemuchlessrainfall.Areasof

thesoutheastmayreceiveonly50cmor20inchesofprecipitationperyear.Muchof

easternBritainliesintherainshadowofhillsandmountainssuchastheLakeDistrict,

thePeakDistrictandtheScottishHighlands*

IV.Riversandlakes

SevernRiver(塞文河)isthelongestriverinBritain(338km).ThamesRiver(泰晤士河)is

thesecondlongestandmostimportantriverinBritain.(336km).TheRiverThames,the

secondlargestandthemostimportantriverinBritain,originatesinsouthwesternEngland

andflowsthroughtheMidlandsofEnglandtoLondonandemptiesintotheNorthSea.

RiverClyde(克萊德河)isthemostimportantriverinScotland.LoughNeagh訥湖(內(nèi)伊

湖)isthelargestlakeinBritainwhichislocatedinNorthernIreland.(396square

kilometres).

CulturalNotes

1.HighlandZone山區(qū)

大不列顛島北部和西部大都是山地。

2.LowlandZone平原區(qū)

大不列顛島南部和東南部，大都是平原區(qū)

3.LakeDistrict湖泊區(qū)

在英格蘭西北部、奔寧山西側(cè)C這里的山多奇峰，湖泊不大，但很多，風(fēng)景極佳。

英國文學(xué)史中的“湖畔派詩人”(LakePoets)即源于此地。

4.sensitivetoprivacy對于涉及個人隱私的問題很敏感

英國的價值觀的基礎(chǔ)是個人主義，社會保護個人權(quán)利不受侵犯，人們交談不得涉及

個人隱私

5.MayDay五朔節(jié)

英國的“五朔節(jié)”是在每年的5月5日，類似中國的“清明節(jié)”(PureBrighiness),

冬去春來，人們到田野里踏青，采五月花(Mayflower)裝飾住室，并教歌載舞歡慶。

6.Westerlywindbelt西風(fēng)帶

來自大西洋的西風(fēng)，常年影響英國，這是英國的氣候溫和多雨的主要原因之一。雪

萊的名詩《西風(fēng)頌》(OdetotheWestWind)的創(chuàng)作靈感也受此影響。英國人討厭東

風(fēng)，因此也不買東風(fēng)牌產(chǎn)品，因為東風(fēng)來自歐洲大陸，往往給英國帶來壞天氣和寒

流。

Assignment

1.WhatarethefourmaintypesofhomeinBritain?Howdotheyreflectthecostand

statusofhomes?WhataresomeofthemajortypesofhomeinChina?

2.ComparesomeChinesecustomswiththeEnglishones.Whatdoyouknowaboutthe

Englisheatinghabits?

Extension

LectureTwo

BritishGovernmentSystem

(ByWangYan)

Mainpoints;

1.GovernmentSystem

2.Monarch

3.Constitution

4.Election

5.PoliticalParties

6.Parliament

I、WhatisGovernment?

Governmentisapoliticalorganizationcomprisingtheindividualsandinstitutions

authorizedtoformulatepublicpoliciesandconductaffairsofstate.

Governmentsareclassifiedinagreatmanywaysandfromawidevarietyofstandpoints.

Monarchy:

?Monarchyisaformofgovernmentinwhichonepersonhasthehereditaryrighttorule

asheadofstateduringhisorherlifetime.

Republicangovernment

?Itisaformofstatebasedontheconceptthatsovereigntyresidesinthepeople,who

delegatethepowertoruleintheirbehalftoelectedrepresentativesandofficials.

Democracy:

?Democracyisapoliticalsysteminwhichthepeopleofacountryrulethroughanyform

ofgovernmenttheychoosetoestablish.

Federalism:

?Federalism,alsoreferredtoasfederalgovernment,isanationalorinternational

politicalsysteminwhichtwolevelsofgovernmentcontrolthesameterritoryand

citizens.

Unitarysystem:

?Mostcountriesareunitarysystems,withlawsgivingvirtuallyallauthoritytothecentral

government.Thecentralgovernmentmaydelegatedutiestocitiesorotheradministrative

units,butitretainsfinalauthority.

theBritishsystemofgovernmentisconstitutionalmonarchy

,TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandissaidtobereignedoverthe

Monarch,butshedoesnotrule.BritainisregardedasademocracyintheWesternWorld

becausetherealpowerofgovernmentisinvestedwithelectiveofficials.Theparticipation

ofthemonarchingovernment,akindofformalityandhistoricallegacy,islimitedbythe

basiclawknownastheconstitution(notnecessarilyinawrittenform).Itisforthis

reasonthattheBritishsystemofgovernmentisknownasconstitutionalmonarchy.

ConstitutionalMonarchy

?Definition:Aconstitutionalmonarchyisaformofmonarchicalgovernment

establishedunderaconstitutionalsystemwhichacknowledgesanelectedorhereditary

monarchasheadofstale.

*Themonarchisregardedastheheadofstatebuttheprimeministerisheadof

government.

TheUnitedKingdom

Amonarchic,democratic&unitarystales

AMonarchicgovernment

tThepresentmonarch:

QueenElizabeth11

Limitedpower:

theQueencanonlyrulewiththeadviceofparliament.(P1&2&3)

Ademocraticgovernment

?Itsmembersofparliamentareelectedbythepeople.

?Threepartsofparliament:TheHouseofLords,TheHouseofCommons,andthe

Monarch

?TheHouseofCommonsisinvolvedinboththelegislativeandexecutivebranchesofthe

Britishgovernment.Thereisnoseparationofpowersbetweenexecutiveandlegislature.

AUnitarygovernment

?ItscentralgovernmentwiththePMastheleaderisverystrong.

-presidesovertheCabinet,allocatesfunctionsamongministers

-InformstheQueenofthegeneralbusinessoftheGovernment

-RecommendsanumberofappointmentstotheQueen

II>Monarch

1.InmodemBritain,Monarchymightseemobsolete,butcouldnotbeabolished.

InmodemBritain,whereclassandprivilegearenolongerasimportantastheyused

tobe,aninstitutionlikethemonarchymightseemobsolete.Indeed,fromtimeto

timeafewprominentpeople-insideandoutsideParliament-claimthat,inthe

currentpoliticalandeconomicsituation,themonarchyisanunnecessary

extravagance.Butanyseriousattempttoabolishthemonarchywouldmeetwith

violentoppositionfromallsectorsofBritishsociety.

Royalfamily&life

IILExamplefamily&Exposedlife

1.

TheroyalfamilyoccupiesthepositionofFirstFamilyandisexpectedtosetan

exampleinbothpublicandprivatelife.Withthegrowthofthemodernmedia

industry—press,radio,television—theofficialandunofficiallivesofroyaltyare

becomingincreasinglyexposed:TheQueenisinthenewsalmosteveryday:eitheras

apublicfigurevisitingahospital,attendingagalaconcert,launchingaship,

welcomingaforeignheadofstate...orasaprivatepersongoingtochurch,watching

ahorserace,holidayingatherprivateScottishhome,BalmoralCastle...Interestin

theroyalfamilyisnotconfinedtotheUK,ThepressinAmericaandEurope

constantlypublishnewsandgossipaboutBritain'sFirstFamily,

2.Queen'sjobs

?Domesticandinternationalaffairs:

?Conferringhonours

?Day-to-dayworkingsofgovernment-Privycouncil

?HeadoftheChurchofEngland

3.TheMonarch'sconsort

?Qualifications:

-（1）fromanoblefamily,

-（2）withtheconsentofParliament,

一（3）notaRomanCatholic.

?TheKing'swife一QueenConsort

?TheQueen'shusband—PrinceConsort;theDukeofEdinburgh;thePrinceoftheUK

?Theeldestson-thePrinceofWales

4.SymbolofthespiritoftheCommonwealth

?TheQueen'spersonalflag,usedwhensheisrepresentingtheCommonwealth

?ApartfromtheUnitedKingdom,ElizabethIIisalsoQueenofCanada,Australia,New

Zealandandsoon.

5.Succession

?Priority:

,--Sonsanddescendants

?-Daughtersanddescendants

?-Brothersanddescendants

目前的君主：伊麗莎白二世女王陛下

?威爾士親王查爾斯王儲殿下（伊麗莎白二世的長子）

?威爾士的威廉王子殿下（查爾斯王儲的長子）

?威爾士的亨利王子殿下（查爾斯王儲的次子）

?約克公爵安德魯王子殿下（伊麗莎白二世的次子）

?約克的比阿特麗斯公主殿下（約克公爵的長女,1988年生）

?約克的歐吉妮公主殿下（約克公爵的次女1990年生）

?威塞克斯伯爵愛德華王子殿下（伊麗莎白二世的三子.1964年生）

?塞文子爵詹姆士（威塞克斯伯爵的兒子.2007年生）

?路易斯?溫莎郡主（威塞克斯伯爵的長女.2003年生）

?安妮長公主殿下（伊麗莎白二世的女兒）

?彼得?菲利浦斯（安妮公主的兒子）

?扎拉?菲利浦斯（安妮公主的女兒）

?林萊子爵(喬治六世的外孫，瑪格麗特公主的兒子)

?查爾斯?阿姆斯特朗?瓊斯閣下(林萊子爵的兒子)

?瑪格麗塔?阿姆斯特朗?瓊斯閣下(林萊子爵的女兒)

?薩拉?切托夫人(喬治六世的外孫女、瑪格麗特公主的女兒)

6.Coronation

?Coronationisaceremonyofcrowningakingoraqueen.

?Time:anintervalafterthedeathoftheoldking

,Place:WestminsterAbbey

?Formalitygrandandpompous

?Conductor:theArc