人教版(新教材)高中英語(yǔ)選修1Unit 1 People of Achievement學(xué)案2：Reading and thinking

人教版(新教材)高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第一冊(cè)PAGEPAGE1Unit1PeopleofAchievementReadingandthinking一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)（一）重點(diǎn)詞匯1.physiologyn.生理學(xué)；生理機(jī)能2.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的3.vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的4.commitvt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)5.academicadj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的6.objectiven.目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的7.botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的8.evaluatevt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估9.propertyn.性質(zhì)；特征；財(cái)產(chǎn)10.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的11.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開n.沸騰；沸點(diǎn)12.liquidn.液體adj.液體的；液態(tài)的13.obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行14.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝15.defeatn.失??；挫敗vt.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝16.analysevt.分析17.apparentlyadv.顯而易見；看來；顯然18.substancen.物質(zhì)；物品；事實(shí)根據(jù)19.insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求20.scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的21.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地（二）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.makeadiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)2.leadto導(dǎo)致；引導(dǎo)3.diefrom死于……4.graduatefrom從……畢業(yè)5.inthefightagainst同……作斗爭(zhēng)6.bychance偶然地7.drawout取出；擬定；導(dǎo)致8.insiston堅(jiān)持9.betestedon接受檢測(cè)10.accordingto根據(jù)（三）重點(diǎn)句式1.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”二、重點(diǎn)講解（一）重點(diǎn)詞匯1.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的用法：becrucialto/for...對(duì)……至關(guān)重要playacrucialpartin/rolein...在……中起至關(guān)重要的作用2.vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的用法：bevitalto/for...對(duì)……極其重要Itisvitaltodosth.做某事很重要It’svitalthat...……極為重要3.committedadj.盡心盡力的，堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的轉(zhuǎn)化：←commitvt.承諾：保證（某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等）vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活動(dòng)等）用法：commitoneselfto(doing)sth承諾做某事becommittedto(doing)sth承諾做某事committedacrime/amistake犯罪/犯錯(cuò)誤commit...to...投入……于……4.evaluatevt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估轉(zhuǎn)化：→evaluation評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估例句：Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.我們的研究試圖評(píng)估不同藥物的有效性。Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.人們普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從綜合素質(zhì)的角度來評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生。5.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的：有區(qū)別的用法：bedistinctfrom與……不同轉(zhuǎn)化：→distinction6.acknowledge承認(rèn)（屬實(shí);權(quán)威、地位等）；（公開）感謝；告知收悉用法：acknowledgehavingdonesth.承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgethat承認(rèn)……acknowledgetobe認(rèn)為是……Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthat……普遍認(rèn)為……7.defeatn.失敗;挫敗vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝用法：sufferadefeat遭受失敗acknowledgedefeat承認(rèn)失敗8.insistvt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求insiston堅(jiān)決要求例句：Sheinsistedongoingtothecinemaalone.她堅(jiān)持自己去看電影。Myfriendinsistedonmygoingtoherbirthdayparty.我的朋友堅(jiān)持讓我參加她的生日聚會(huì)。9.conclusionn.結(jié)論;推論用法：cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論jumptoconclusions匆忙下結(jié)論inconclusion最后（用于文章或講話的末尾）bringtoaconclusion使……結(jié)束。轉(zhuǎn)化：concludevt.得出結(jié)論，推斷出vi.&vt.（使）結(jié)束，終止（二）重點(diǎn)句型1.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.后來,用這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上做試驗(yàn),大部分患者都康復(fù)了。〖分析〗本句是一個(gè)含有非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。主句是“themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients”,“mostofwhomrecovered”是“不定代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?！安欢ù~/數(shù)詞/名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在關(guān)系分句中作主語(yǔ),說明整體中的一部分。當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用whom;先行詞指物時(shí),用which。2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.”當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí),她說,“榮譽(yù)不只是屬于我自己的?！薄挤治觥皆诒揪渲?shesaid,...是主句,that引導(dǎo)的句子作hearing的賓語(yǔ)。Uponhearing...是“upon+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。upon還可換為介詞on,表示一件事情緊接著另一件事情發(fā)生。這種用法常見于正式文體中,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,可翻譯為“當(dāng)……時(shí);一……就……”。例如：Upongraduatingfromcollege,hefirstw