專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷120

專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷120

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。）

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStalesas

settlement（新拓居地）spreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpractical

curiosities,andforalongtimstherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanical

problems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobear（heload,and

（hedevelopmentofsafe,effectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroad

wasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousands

ofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestward（othe

Mississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.Thehighpointin

railroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862

CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraska

westwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompletea

transcontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernment

helpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbegan

fouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChinese

laborwhiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworked

atremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869they

metataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscame

thereforthegreatoccasion.TherewerejoyouscelebrationsaJoverthecountry,with

paradesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonor（hegreatachievement.Therailroadwas

veryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryand

farmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.

InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1>ThemajorproblemswithAmerica'srailroadsysteminthemid19thcenturylayin

A^poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B、lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C^limitedrailroadlines

D、lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

標準答案：A

知識點解析：文章第一段提到早期的火車很不實用，而且鐵路公司面臨著棘手的技

術(shù)問題，最嚴重的是修建能夠承擔一定重量的鐵路軌道和開發(fā)安全有效的?？肯?/p>

統(tǒng),A項與文意所述相近，故選A。

2、Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.

A、broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewest

B、attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C、attractedlaborersfromEurope

D^encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingraw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets,可知A為正確選項。

3、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A、SettlementsSpreadWestward

B、TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad;AVitalLink

C、AmericanRailroadHistory

D、TheImportanceofRailreadsintheAmericanEconomy

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第一段.第一句雖然提到“setllementspreadeverfartherwestward.M

但這不是本文論述的中心，故A錯；選D也不合適，因為作者在第三段第二句里

談的是在美國起重要作用的iranscontinentalrailway,而不是泛指美國的鐵路，雖然

本文從一個側(cè)面反映了美匡鐵路的歷史，但C項范圍太大，故C也錯；第三段點

明了文章的主旨，說明了這條橫貫美國的鐵路在開發(fā)西部、發(fā)展工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和統(tǒng)一

美國等方面起到了avitallink的作用，故選B。

4-.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook.

A、9years

B、7years

C、4years

D、3years

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第二段敘述可知，1862年國會授權(quán)鐵路公司修建鐵路，但

實際上4年之后即1866年才開始這項工程。1869年完成，故共用了三年時間。

5、Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

A、Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B、Theneed(oexploreUtah.

C、Theneedtoconnectthecastcoastwiththewest.

D^Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章最后?段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovinglaw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets>可知D為正確答案。

Ifinditwholesometobealonethegreaterpartofthetime.Tobeincompany,evenwith

thebest,issoonwearisomeanddissipating,andIneverfoundacompanionso

companionableassolitude.Weareforthemostpartmorelonelywhenwegoabroadthan

whenwcstayinourchambers”,forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspacethat

intervenebetweenamanandhisfellows.Thefarmer,whocanworkaloneallday

withoutfeelinglonesome,butmustrecreatewithothersatnight,wondershowthe

studentcansitaloneatnight;hedoesnotrealizethatthestudent,thoughinthehouse,is

actuallyatworkinhisfieldandchoppinghiswoodasthefarmerwasinhis.Societyis

commonlytoocheap.Wemeetatveryshortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireany

newvalueforeachother;wemeetatmealsthreetimesadayandgiveeachotheranew

tasteofthatmustyoldcheesethatweare;welivethickandareineachother1sway,andI

(hinkthatwethuslosesomerespectfbroneanother.Wehavehad(oagreeonacertain

setofroles,calledetiquetteandpoliteness,tomakethisfrequentmeetingtolerable.

Certainlylessfrequencywouldsufficeforallimportantandheartycommunications

betweenmen.1(wouldbebetteriftherewerebutoneinhabitanttoasquaremile,as

whereIlive,fbrasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,weneednottouchhim.

6、Amancanbelonelyinacrowdbecause.

A、lonelinessdoesn'tmeanbeingalone

B、manalwayswantstowork

C、solitudeinvolvesspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows

D^lonelinesscomesfromlackofheartycommunication

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中...forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspace

(hatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows,可知孤獨不是由空間距離造成的，隱

含的意思是孤獨來自于缺少心靈的溝通，故D為正確答案。

7、Theauthorusestheexampleofthefannerand(hestudenttoshowthat.

A、menneedrecreationaftertheirwork

B、menarenotlonelywhen(heyareworking

C、solitudeisnecessary,forastudent

D^peoplehavedifferentconceptionsofsolitude

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第三段指出農(nóng)民可以一整天地工作而不會感到孤單，但他卻很奇

怪為什么一個學生能夠在晚上一個人獨自靜坐，因為他沒有意識到學生其實和他一

樣，也是在工作，所以他也不會感到孤單。

8、When(heauthorsays:"Societyiscommonlytoocheap",hemeansthat.

A、wcmeetnotfrequentlyenough

B、weeatcheapfoodandliveasimplelife

C^ourlivesaresoregular

D、peopledonothaveenoughheartycommunicationtorealizethevalueinotherpeople

標準答案：D'

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第三段中Societyiscommonlytoocheap：Wemeetatvery

shortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireanynewvalueforeachother,故選D。

9、Theauthor'sopiniononthevalueofamanisthat.

A、itisunderestimatedbytherulesofetiquetteandpoliteness

的數(shù)量有很多，這可以算作是它的一個優(yōu)勢，其他三項根據(jù)文章或常識都可以排

除。故選B。

12^WhichproblemisNotmentionedinthearticle?

A、Difficultiesindiggingthecoal.

B、Pollutionoftheenvironment.

C、Whathappenswhenthecoalisusedup.

D^Insufficientrailfacilities.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：由第四段中muchofthiscoalisnoteasytogetwithpresenttechnology

oratpresentprices排除A選項，由第五段第一、第二句話排除B、D選項，故選

Co

13、Whichcountryhasthelargestshareofknownworldcoalreserves?

A、China.

B、TheUnitedStates.

C、TheformerSovietUnion.

D、Thearticledoesn'ttellus.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由第三段中WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare—morethana

quarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,故選B。

14、HowmuchcoaldoestheUnitedStateshaveinknownccalreserves?

A^786billiontons.

B、1.7billiontons.

C、Nearly200billiontons.

D、3,000billiontons.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句話While(heUnitedStateshasthelargest

share—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownv/orldcoalreserves,可知

786x1/4=196.5,故選C。

15、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A^TheU.S.hasabout1.7trilliontonsofcoalatdepthsofmorethan3,000feet.

B、Scientiststhinkthatallcoalreserveshavebeenfoundout.

C、Allcoaliseasytogetbecausewehavemoderntechnology.

D、TheU.S.andChinaproducealmostequalamountsofcoal.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話both由eSovietUnionandChinaproduce

almostasmuchcoalastheU.S.does,可知D為正確答案。

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthe

manwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthepast15years,pilotshave

reponedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyeleciromagneiic

interference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,

expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicesuchasportablecomputers,

radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvises

（heaviation（航空）industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesban（禁）suchdevices

frombeingusedduring"critical"stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Some

expertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,ruleson

usingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibit

passengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarcreluctantto

enforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.The

difficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.

Expertsknowthatportabledeviceemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhich

aircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenableto

reproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhetherthe

interferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable（易受損

的）tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamage

navigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan'thearthe

instructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooloud.

16>Thepassageismainlyabout.

A、anewregulationforallairlines

B、thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C、apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D^effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

標準答案：C

知識點解析：考杳主題。主題?般在第一段段首。如果這個題出現(xiàn)在中間的話，

般對應某一段的內(nèi)容和主題，范圍小一點，比較容易。如果是第一題或最后一題，

則對應整篇文章。本文的主題是關(guān)于電磁干擾可能影響飛機安全，故選C。

17、Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

A、Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.

B、Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.

C、Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengersportablecomputers.

D、Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：題干有數(shù)字，很容易在文中第一段找到對應的句子。注意could,表

示可能，所以選D：懷疑他們是電磁干擾的結(jié)果。

18、Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevices

because.

A、theydon'tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B、theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C、mostpassengersrefusetctakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassette

players

D、theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

標準答案：C

知識點解析：關(guān)鍵句在第二段最后一句，giventhatmanypassengerswanttowork

duringflights.很多乘客要在飛行期間工作，可以推斷一些航空公司拒絕禁令的原

因是：如果他們推行了禁令，也許許多需要在飛機上工作的乘客就不會選擇乘坐飛

機了。故選C。

19、Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonan

airplane'scomputers?

A^Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.

B、Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.

C、Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.

D^Becauseexpertslackadequateequipment(odosuchresearch.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：第三段because后面給出了解釋：因為他們不能在實驗室重現(xiàn)這些影

響，所以他們沒辦法知道干擾是不是有危險。所以選C。A文中沒有說過，B和第

二句相反，D沒有提到。

20Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor.

A、isinfavorofprohibitingpassengers'useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B、hasoverestimated(hedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C、hasn'tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D、regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

標準答案：C

知識點解析：作者沒有很明確的態(tài)度，只是做客觀的說明，描寫r很多情況，但沒

有表明自己的立場和看法。A贊成禁令；B高估危險；C沒有形成自己的觀點；D

認為禁令無理。

Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoes

notliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,or

anyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisaction

willproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearcvariousmeanstheconsumermay

usetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersisto

complaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshis

orhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itis

usuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavor,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumers

shouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceof

purchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingis

usuallymosteffectivewhenilisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhenthe

consumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbe

done,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatis

wrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoes

notworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightisunclear"isbetterthan"This

stereo(立體聲音響))doesnotwork."Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumerto

writetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,stating(hecomplaintas

politelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachieve(hedesired

result,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellerto

courtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotecting

consumers'rights.

21、Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddo

isto.

A、complainpersonallytothemanager

B、threatentotakethemattertocourt

C、writeafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchase

D、showsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第